Бичурин Н.Я. (Иакинф) (1950), Собрание сведений о народах, обитавших в Средней Азии в древние времена. М.; Л., 1950. Т. I–П. in Central Asia in the Early Middle Ages; vertaling van Srednjaja Azija v rannem srednevekov'e: H4. Chach and Ilak (laatst geraadpleegd op 28 maart 2007)
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(en) The Western Regions according to the Hou Hanshu, The Xiyu juan, “Chapter on the Western Regions”, from Hou Hanshu 88 (Second Edition). Translated by John E. Hill (september 2003): Section 2 – Geographical Background (notes)
