Pricing and hedging electricity supply contracts: a case with tolling agreements. Shi‐Jie Deng, Zhendong Xia, Georgia Institute of Technology, maart 2005.
"As a tolling agreement gives its buyer the right to take the electricity output of an underlying power plant subject to certain contractual constraints, holding a tolling contract is equivalent to owning the underlying plant but with operational flexibility constrained by additional contractual terms. [...] As a result, a tolling contract holder cannot order to shut down the plant at will whenever the electricity spot price is lower than the heat rate adjusted generating fuel cost.
Analyse dividendvoorstel PZEM, p. 13. Deloitte Accountants B.V., 20 mei 2022.
"De tollers hebben bijvoorbeeld in het verleden op basis van de tollingovereenkomst de extra kosten van vervroegde sluiting van de kolencentrale betaald."