«Saudi Arabia breaks off ties with Iran». BBC News (på engelsk). 4. januar 2016. «Saudi Arabia says it has broken off diplomatic ties with Iran, amid a row over the Saudi execution of a prominent Shia Muslim cleric. Saudi Foreign Minister Adel al-Jubeir was speaking after demonstrators had stormed the Saudi embassy in Tehran.»
Estimata varierer frå ti til åtti millionar. Prevas (2009, s. 14) estimerer 10 millionar. Strauss (2004, s. 37) estimerer kring 20 millionar. Ward (2009, s. 16) estimerer 20 millionar. Scheidel (2009, s. 99) estimerer 35 millionar. Daniel (2001, s. 41) estimerer 50 millionar. Meyer og Andreades (2004, s. 58) estimerer 50 millionar. Jones (2004, s. 8) estimerer over 50 millionar. Richard (2008, s. 34) estimerer nesten 70 millionar. Hanson (2001, s. 32) estimerer nesten 75 millionar. Cowley (1999 and 2001, s. 17) estimerer kanskje 80 millionar.
Durant, Will (2011). The Age of Faith: The Story of Civilization. Simon & Schuster. «Repaying its debt, Sasanian art exported its forms and motives eastward into India, Turkestan, and China, westward into Syria, Asia Minor, Constantinople, the Balkans, Egypt, and Spain.»
Gingeras, Ryan (2016). Fall of the Sultanate: The Great War and the End of the The Ottoman Empire 1908–1922. Oxford University Press, Oxford. s. 166. ISBN978-0-19-166358-1. Henta 18. juni 2016. «By January, Ottoman regulars and cavalry detachments associated with the old Hamidiye had seized the towns of Urmia, Khoy, and Salmas. Demonstrations of resistance by local Christians, comprising Armenians, Nestorians, Old Assyrians, and Assyrians, led Ottoman forces to massacre civilians and torch villages throughout the border region of Iran.»
«Iran». Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2012. Henta 1. mars 2021.
Persia, Encyclopædia Britannica, "The term Persia was used for centuries ... [because] use of the name was gradually extended by the ancient greeks and other peoples to apply to the whole Iranian plateau."
Afary, Janet; Peter William Avery; Khosrow Mostofi. «Iran (Ethnic Groups)». Encyclopædia Britannica. Henta 1. mars 2021.
cambridge.org
Shaffer, Brenda (2000). «The Formation of Azerbaijani Collective Identity in Iran». Nationalities Papers (på engelsk) 28: 449–477. ISSN0090-5992. doi:10.1080/713687484. Henta 29. juni 2020. «Iran is a multi-ethnic society in which approximately 50% of its citizens are of non-Persian origin, yet researchers commonly use the terms Persians and Iranians interchangeably, neglecting the supra-ethnic meaning of the term Iranian for many of the non-Persians in Iran. The largest minority ethnic group in Iran is the Azerbaijanis (comprising approximately a third of the population) and other major groups include the Kurds, Arabs, Baluchis and Turkmen. Iran's ethnic groups are particularly susceptible to external manipulation and considerably subject to influence from events taking place outside its borders, since most of the non-Persians are concentrated in the frontier areas and have ties to co-ethnics in adjoining states, such as Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Pakistan and Iraq.»
Mokari, Payam Ghaffarvand; Werner, Stefan (2017). «Azerbaijani». Journal of the International Phonetic Association (på engelsk) 47: 207–212. ISSN0025-1003. doi:10.1017/S0025100317000184. Henta 29. juni 2020. «The Azerbaijani, Azerbaijanian or Azeri language belongs to the western group of the southwestern, or Oghuz, branch of the Turkic language family and is mainly spoken in Azerbaijan and Iran. Azerbaijani is the official language of the Republic of Azerbaijan and over 80% of its population use it as their first language (Johanson 2010). Among non-Persian languages in Iran, Azerbaijani, with approximately 15–20 million native speakers, has the largest number of speakers (Crystal 2010). In total, more than 50 million people speak Azerbaijani (Khalilzadeh 2013).»
cia.gov
CIA World Factbook. «Iran». Arkivert frå originalen 3 February 2012. Henta 1. mars 2021.
Frye, Richard Nelson (October 1962). «Reitzenstein and Qumrân Revisited by an Iranian». The Harvard Theological Review55 (4): 261–268. JSTOR1508723. doi:10.1017/S0017816000007926.
Stepaniants, Marietta (2002). «The Encounter of parsisme with Islam». Philosophy East and West (University of Hawaii Press) 52 (2): 159–172. ISSN0031-8221. JSTOR1399963. doi:10.1353/pew.2002.0030.
Shaffer, Brenda (2000). «The Formation of Azerbaijani Collective Identity in Iran». Nationalities Papers (på engelsk) 28: 449–477. ISSN0090-5992. doi:10.1080/713687484. Henta 29. juni 2020. «Iran is a multi-ethnic society in which approximately 50% of its citizens are of non-Persian origin, yet researchers commonly use the terms Persians and Iranians interchangeably, neglecting the supra-ethnic meaning of the term Iranian for many of the non-Persians in Iran. The largest minority ethnic group in Iran is the Azerbaijanis (comprising approximately a third of the population) and other major groups include the Kurds, Arabs, Baluchis and Turkmen. Iran's ethnic groups are particularly susceptible to external manipulation and considerably subject to influence from events taking place outside its borders, since most of the non-Persians are concentrated in the frontier areas and have ties to co-ethnics in adjoining states, such as Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Pakistan and Iraq.»
Mokari, Payam Ghaffarvand; Werner, Stefan (2017). «Azerbaijani». Journal of the International Phonetic Association (på engelsk) 47: 207–212. ISSN0025-1003. doi:10.1017/S0025100317000184. Henta 29. juni 2020. «The Azerbaijani, Azerbaijanian or Azeri language belongs to the western group of the southwestern, or Oghuz, branch of the Turkic language family and is mainly spoken in Azerbaijan and Iran. Azerbaijani is the official language of the Republic of Azerbaijan and over 80% of its population use it as their first language (Johanson 2010). Among non-Persian languages in Iran, Azerbaijani, with approximately 15–20 million native speakers, has the largest number of speakers (Crystal 2010). In total, more than 50 million people speak Azerbaijani (Khalilzadeh 2013).»
Floor, Willem; Javadi, Hasan (1. juli 2013). «The Role of Azerbaijani Turkish in Safavid Iran». Iranian Studies46: 569–581. ISSN0021-0862. doi:10.1080/00210862.2013.784516. Henta 29. juni 2020. «Turkic languages and dialects played a much more important role in Safavid Iran than is generally thought, while Azerbaijani Turkish in particular was widely spoken and written in Safavid Iran. It was not only the language of the court and the army, but it was also used in poetry, even by renowned poets who usually wrote in Persian. The Safavid shahs, many of whom wrote poetry in Turkish themselves, promoted its literary use. Also, Turkish was used in the court's official correspondence, for both internal and external affairs.»
Farjadian, Shirin; Ota, Massao; Inoko, Hidetoshi; Ghaderi, Abbas (2. november 2008). «The genetic relationship among Iranian ethnic groups: an anthropological view based on HLA class II gene polymorphism». Molecular Biology Reports (på engelsk) 36: 1943. ISSN1573-4978. doi:10.1007/s11033-008-9403-4. Henta 28. juni 2020. «Highly polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes are considered as useful markers by molecular anthropologists to determine genetic relationship among populations. This review summarizes the results of molecular analyses of HLA class II gene polymorphism in 816 DNA samples from 11 Iranian ethnic groups. The genetic relationship of Iranians to Asians and Europeans has also been reported here. The results of this study revealed a close genetic relationship among Iranian subpopulations which were well separated from other Asian and European populations, however, a genetic similarity was observed among Iranians, Macedonians, Greeks, and Italians.»
Floor, Willem; Javadi, Hasan (1. juli 2013). «The Role of Azerbaijani Turkish in Safavid Iran». Iranian Studies46: 569–581. ISSN0021-0862. doi:10.1080/00210862.2013.784516. Henta 29. juni 2020. «Turkic languages and dialects played a much more important role in Safavid Iran than is generally thought, while Azerbaijani Turkish in particular was widely spoken and written in Safavid Iran. It was not only the language of the court and the army, but it was also used in poetry, even by renowned poets who usually wrote in Persian. The Safavid shahs, many of whom wrote poetry in Turkish themselves, promoted its literary use. Also, Turkish was used in the court's official correspondence, for both internal and external affairs.»
Farjadian, Shirin; Ota, Massao; Inoko, Hidetoshi; Ghaderi, Abbas (2. november 2008). «The genetic relationship among Iranian ethnic groups: an anthropological view based on HLA class II gene polymorphism». Molecular Biology Reports (på engelsk) 36: 1943. ISSN1573-4978. doi:10.1007/s11033-008-9403-4. Henta 28. juni 2020. «Highly polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes are considered as useful markers by molecular anthropologists to determine genetic relationship among populations. This review summarizes the results of molecular analyses of HLA class II gene polymorphism in 816 DNA samples from 11 Iranian ethnic groups. The genetic relationship of Iranians to Asians and Europeans has also been reported here. The results of this study revealed a close genetic relationship among Iranian subpopulations which were well separated from other Asian and European populations, however, a genetic similarity was observed among Iranians, Macedonians, Greeks, and Italians.»
Heradstveit, Daniel (2000). «Iran – reformer eller kaos?». Internasjonal Politikk (på norsk) 58: 583–613. Arkivert frå originalen 23. juni 2020. Henta 22. juni 2020.
Hole, Frank (20. juli 2004). «NEOLITHIC AGE IN IRAN». Encyclopedia Iranica. Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation. Arkivert frå originalen 23. oktober 2012. Henta 9. august 2012.
Bosworth, C. E. «ʿAjam». Encyclopaedia Iranica. Arkivert frå originalen 25. juni 2016. Henta 2. mars 2021.
Frye, Richard Nelson (October 1962). «Reitzenstein and Qumrân Revisited by an Iranian». The Harvard Theological Review55 (4): 261–268. JSTOR1508723. doi:10.1017/S0017816000007926.
Stepaniants, Marietta (2002). «The Encounter of parsisme with Islam». Philosophy East and West (University of Hawaii Press) 52 (2): 159–172. ISSN0031-8221. JSTOR1399963. doi:10.1353/pew.2002.0030.
Paul Kane. «Emerson and Hafiz: The Figure of the Religious Poet». JSTOR25676860.
Hole, Frank (20. juli 2004). «NEOLITHIC AGE IN IRAN». Encyclopedia Iranica. Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation. Arkivert frå originalen 23. oktober 2012. Henta 9. august 2012.
Heradstveit, Daniel (2000). «Iran – reformer eller kaos?». Internasjonal Politikk (på norsk) 58: 583–613. Arkivert frå originalen 23. juni 2020. Henta 22. juni 2020.
Stepaniants, Marietta (2002). «The Encounter of parsisme with Islam». Philosophy East and West (University of Hawaii Press) 52 (2): 159–172. ISSN0031-8221. JSTOR1399963. doi:10.1353/pew.2002.0030.
Shaffer, Brenda (2000). «The Formation of Azerbaijani Collective Identity in Iran». Nationalities Papers (på engelsk) 28: 449–477. ISSN0090-5992. doi:10.1080/713687484. Henta 29. juni 2020. «Iran is a multi-ethnic society in which approximately 50% of its citizens are of non-Persian origin, yet researchers commonly use the terms Persians and Iranians interchangeably, neglecting the supra-ethnic meaning of the term Iranian for many of the non-Persians in Iran. The largest minority ethnic group in Iran is the Azerbaijanis (comprising approximately a third of the population) and other major groups include the Kurds, Arabs, Baluchis and Turkmen. Iran's ethnic groups are particularly susceptible to external manipulation and considerably subject to influence from events taking place outside its borders, since most of the non-Persians are concentrated in the frontier areas and have ties to co-ethnics in adjoining states, such as Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Pakistan and Iraq.»
Mokari, Payam Ghaffarvand; Werner, Stefan (2017). «Azerbaijani». Journal of the International Phonetic Association (på engelsk) 47: 207–212. ISSN0025-1003. doi:10.1017/S0025100317000184. Henta 29. juni 2020. «The Azerbaijani, Azerbaijanian or Azeri language belongs to the western group of the southwestern, or Oghuz, branch of the Turkic language family and is mainly spoken in Azerbaijan and Iran. Azerbaijani is the official language of the Republic of Azerbaijan and over 80% of its population use it as their first language (Johanson 2010). Among non-Persian languages in Iran, Azerbaijani, with approximately 15–20 million native speakers, has the largest number of speakers (Crystal 2010). In total, more than 50 million people speak Azerbaijani (Khalilzadeh 2013).»
Floor, Willem; Javadi, Hasan (1. juli 2013). «The Role of Azerbaijani Turkish in Safavid Iran». Iranian Studies46: 569–581. ISSN0021-0862. doi:10.1080/00210862.2013.784516. Henta 29. juni 2020. «Turkic languages and dialects played a much more important role in Safavid Iran than is generally thought, while Azerbaijani Turkish in particular was widely spoken and written in Safavid Iran. It was not only the language of the court and the army, but it was also used in poetry, even by renowned poets who usually wrote in Persian. The Safavid shahs, many of whom wrote poetry in Turkish themselves, promoted its literary use. Also, Turkish was used in the court's official correspondence, for both internal and external affairs.»
Farjadian, Shirin; Ota, Massao; Inoko, Hidetoshi; Ghaderi, Abbas (2. november 2008). «The genetic relationship among Iranian ethnic groups: an anthropological view based on HLA class II gene polymorphism». Molecular Biology Reports (på engelsk) 36: 1943. ISSN1573-4978. doi:10.1007/s11033-008-9403-4. Henta 28. juni 2020. «Highly polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes are considered as useful markers by molecular anthropologists to determine genetic relationship among populations. This review summarizes the results of molecular analyses of HLA class II gene polymorphism in 816 DNA samples from 11 Iranian ethnic groups. The genetic relationship of Iranians to Asians and Europeans has also been reported here. The results of this study revealed a close genetic relationship among Iranian subpopulations which were well separated from other Asian and European populations, however, a genetic similarity was observed among Iranians, Macedonians, Greeks, and Italians.»
