Ajala, Adekunle (1983): "The Nature of African Boundaries", i: Africa Spectrum, Institute of African Affairs at GIGA, Hamburg, 18 (2), s. 177–189, JSTOR 40174114. Sitat: «Kwame Nkrumah once made the point that the Berlin Conference of 1884–85 was responsible for, "the old carve-up of Africa". Other writers have also laid the blame for "the partition of Africa" on the doors of the Berlin Conference. But William Roger Louis holds a contrary view, although he conceded that "the Berlin Act did have a relevance to the course of the partition" of Africa.»
