Iran (Norwegian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Iran" in Norwegian language version.

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69worldcat.org

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aawsat.com (Global: 1,232^nd place; Norwegian: low place)

eng-archive.aawsat.com

https://eng-archive.aawsat.com/theaawsat/features/iran-a-country-divided

aftenposten.no (Global: 1,779^th place; Norwegian: 7^th place)

Eidem, Åshild (10. juli 2012). «Norge skjerper sanksjoner mot Iran». Aftenposten. Besøkt 24. juni 2020.

aljazeera.com (Global: 268^th place; Norwegian: 431^st place)

Hussein, Alia Chughtai,Mohamed A. «A simple visual guide to Iran and its people». Al Jazeera (på engelsk). Besøkt 6. september 2025.
Ali, Marium. «Mapping Iran’s oil and gas sites and those attacked by Israel». Al Jazeera (på engelsk). Besøkt 6. september 2025.
Staff, Al Jazeera. «Iran says over 100 officers killed as protesters defy government crackdown». Al Jazeera (på engelsk). Besøkt 11. januar 2026.
Khan, Imran. «Analysis: How Saudi Arabia and Iran became rivals». www.aljazeera.com. Besøkt 24. juni 2020.

amar.org.ir (Global: 739^th place; Norwegian: 2,422^nd place)

Statistical Center of Iran. Census 2016 - General Results. Table 1 Population of the country in urban and rural areas… Besøkt 15. juni 2020. (en)

amnesty.no (Global: low place; Norwegian: 168^th place)

«Ulovlig kjærlighet». Amnesty International. 15. desember 2020. Besøkt 2. juni 2022.

amnesty.org (Global: 1,367^th place; Norwegian: 1,606^th place)

«Iran: New compulsory veiling law intensifies oppression of women and girls». Amnesty International (på engelsk). 10. desember 2024. Besøkt 11. september 2025.
«Iran: Man executed for drinking alcohol». Amnesty International (på engelsk). 10. juli 2020. Besøkt 1. oktober 2025.

amnesty.org.uk (Global: low place; Norwegian: 6,323^rd place)

«Iran is sentencing children and teenagers to death». www.amnesty.org.uk (på engelsk). Besøkt 27. september 2025.

arasbaran.org (Global: low place; Norwegian: low place)

«Language and literature». arasbaran.org. Besøkt 19. november 2022.

articleeighteen.com (Global: low place; Norwegian: low place)

«The murder of Haik Hovsepian: 25 years on». Article18.
«Christians in Iran – Annual Report 2025». Article18.
«PARCI Annual Report 2025» (PDF). Article18.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; Norwegian: 21^st place)

news.bbc.co.uk

«Iran's proud but discreet Jews» (på engelsk). 22. september 2006. Besøkt 10. november 2024.

bbc.com (Global: 20^th place; Norwegian: 44^th place)

«Profile: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad». BBC News (på engelsk). 4. august 2010. Besøkt 29. juni 2020. «His strong rhetoric against the United States and Israel and unbending stance on Iran's nuclear programme has proved popular at home but has enraged the West.»
«Iran medics describe hospitals overwhelmed with dead and injured protesters». www.bbc.com (på engelsk). 10. januar 2026. Besøkt 11. januar 2026.
«Iran helicopter crash: Five days of mourning declared for President Raisi». www.bbc.com (på engelsk). Besøkt 7. juli 2024.
«Iran reportedly executed at least 901 people in 2024, UN says». www.bbc.com (på engelsk). 7. januar 2025. Besøkt 27. september 2025.
«US-Iran relations: A brief history». BBC News (på engelsk). 6. januar 2020. Besøkt 24. juni 2020.
«Obama and Rouhani speak by phone». BBC News (på engelsk). 28. september 2013. Besøkt 24. juni 2020.
Marcus, Jonathan (16. september 2019). «Why Saudi Arabia and Iran are bitter rivals». BBC News (på engelsk). Besøkt 24. juni 2020.
«Saudi Arabia executes top Shia cleric». BBC News (på engelsk). 2. januar 2016. Besøkt 24. juni 2020.
«Saudi Arabia breaks off ties with Iran». BBC News (på engelsk). 4. januar 2016. Besøkt 24. juni 2020. «Saudi Arabia says it has broken off diplomatic ties with Iran, amid a row over the Saudi execution of a prominent Shia Muslim cleric. Saudi Foreign Minister Adel al-Jubeir was speaking after demonstrators had stormed the Saudi embassy in Tehran.»
«Iran's 'hidden' alcoholism problem». BBC News (på engelsk). 20. juni 2012. Besøkt 1. oktober 2025.
«Does Shiraz wine come from Iran?». BBC News (på engelsk). 3. februar 2017. Besøkt 1. november 2024.
«Contaminated bootleg alcohol kills at least 42 in Iran». BBC News (på engelsk). 1. oktober 2018. Besøkt 1. oktober 2025.
«The disputed history of Shiraz wine». www.bbc.com (på engelsk). Besøkt 1. november 2024.

bistandsaktuelt.no (Global: low place; Norwegian: 1,199^th place)

Kvistad, John Mikal (27. desember 2017). «Da nordmenn bygde den trans-iranske jernbane». Bistandsaktuelt (på norsk). Besøkt 16. november 2025.

brillonline.com (Global: 1,199^th place; Norwegian: 2,609^th place)

referenceworks.brillonline.com

Rante, Rocco (14. desember 2020). «KHORASAN». Encyclopaedia Iranica Online (på engelsk). Brill. Besøkt 19. november 2022.

britannica.com (Global: 40^th place; Norwegian: 17^th place)

«Iran - Languages». www.britannica.com (på engelsk). Encyclopaedia Britannica. Besøkt 20. april 2022.

cambridge.org (Global: 305^th place; Norwegian: 302^nd place)

Yazdandoost, Farhad (november 2016). «Dams, Drought and Water Shortage in Today’s Iran». Iranian Studies. 6 (på engelsk). 49: 1017–1028. ISSN 0021-0862. doi:10.1080/00210862.2016.1241626. Besøkt 11. august 2025.
Esfahani, Hadi Salehi; Pesaran, M. Hashem (april 2009). «The Iranian Economy in the Twentieth Century: A Global Perspective». Iranian Studies. 2 (på engelsk). 42: 177–211. ISSN 0021-0862. doi:10.1080/00210860902764896. Besøkt 1. februar 2025.
Ashraf, Ahmad (1. januar 2022). «The Crisis of National and Ethnic Identities in Contemporary Iran». Iranian Studies. 1-2 (på engelsk). 26: 159–164. ISSN 0021-0862. doi:10.1080/00210869308701795. Besøkt 31. januar 2025.
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/iranian-studies/article/abs/an-iranian-womans-memoir-on-the-iraniraq-war-the-production-and-reception-of-da/E54B1A210C77192C9687688EE7767D8F
Shaffer, Brenda (2000). «The Formation of Azerbaijani Collective Identity in Iran». Nationalities Papers. 3 (på engelsk). 28: 449–477. ISSN 0090-5992. doi:10.1080/713687484. Besøkt 29. juni 2020. «Iran is a multi-ethnic society in which approximately 50% of its citizens are of non-Persian origin, yet researchers commonly use the terms Persians and Iranians interchangeably, neglecting the supra-ethnic meaning of the term Iranian for many of the non-Persians in Iran. The largest minority ethnic group in Iran is the Azerbaijanis (comprising approximately a third of the population) and other major groups include the Kurds, Arabs, Baluchis and Turkmen. Iran's ethnic groups are particularly susceptible to external manipulation and considerably subject to influence from events taking place outside its borders, since most of the non-Persians are concentrated in the frontier areas and have ties to co-ethnics in adjoining states, such as Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Pakistan and Iraq.»
Mokari, Payam Ghaffarvand; Werner, Stefan (2017). «Azerbaijani». Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 2 (på engelsk). 47: 207–212. ISSN 0025-1003. doi:10.1017/S0025100317000184. Besøkt 29. juni 2020. «The Azerbaijani, Azerbaijanian or Azeri language belongs to the western group of the southwestern, or Oghuz, branch of the Turkic language family and is mainly spoken in Azerbaijan and Iran. Azerbaijani is the official language of the Republic of Azerbaijan and over 80% of its population use it as their first language (Johanson 2010). Among non-Persian languages in Iran, Azerbaijani, with approximately 15–20 million native speakers, has the largest number of speakers (Crystal 2010). In total, more than 50 million people speak Azerbaijani (Khalilzadeh 2013).»
Esfahani, Hadi Salehi; Pesaran, M. Hashem (april 2009). «The Iranian Economy in the Twentieth Century: A Global Perspective». Iranian Studies. 2 (på engelsk). 42: 177–211. ISSN 0021-0862. doi:10.1080/00210860902764896. Besøkt 1. februar 2025.
Esfahani, Hadi Salehi; Pesaran, M. Hashem (2009). «The Iranian Economy in the Twentieth Century: A Global Perspective». Iranian Studies (på engelsk). 42 (2): 177–211. ISSN 0021-0862. doi:10.1080/00210860902764896. Besøkt 8. september 2025.

cia.gov (Global: 89^th place; Norwegian: 79^th place)

«Iran». The World Factbook (på engelsk). Central Intelligence Agency. 15. november 2022. Besøkt 19. november 2022.
«The World Factbook: Iran». CIA. 2012. People and Society. Arkivert fra originalen 19. november 2012. CS1-vedlikehold: Uheldig URL (link) «Arkivert kopi». Arkivert fra originalen 3. februar 2012. Besøkt 20. juli 2008.

citypopulation.de (Global: 289^th place; Norwegian: 104^th place)

Brinkhoff, Thomas. «IRAN: Provincial Division» (på engelsk). citypopulation.de. Besøkt 27.6.2020.

cnn.com (Global: 28^th place; Norwegian: 77^th place)

Rios, Nadeen Ebrahim, Michael (6. juli 2024). «Reformist lawmaker Masoud Pezeshkian wins Iran’s presidential vote». CNN (på engelsk). Besøkt 7. juli 2024.
Jones, Ben (15. august 2021). «UNESCO recognition for Iranian engineering marvel». CNN (på engelsk). Besøkt 18. november 2025.

dagbladet.no (Global: 1,677^th place; Norwegian: 6^th place)

«Kjærestepar danset offentlig: Fengsles i 10 år», Dagbladet, 31. januar 2023

degruyter.com (Global: 1,425^th place; Norwegian: 384^th place)

Jaffer Sheyholislami (13. september 2012). «Kurdish in Iran: A case of restricted and controlled tolerance». International Journal of the Sociology of Language. 217 (på engelsk). 2012: 19–47. ISSN 1613-3668. doi:10.1515/ijsl-2012-0048. Besøkt 1. februar 2025.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Norwegian: 9^th place)

Mohebbi, M., Mohebbi, Z. (2015). Demography of Race and Ethnicity in Iran. In: Sáenz, R., Embrick, D., Rodríguez, N. (eds) The International Handbook of the Demography of Race and Ethnicity. International Handbooks of Population, vol 4. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8891-8_18
Abdolmohammadi, Pejman; Cama, Giampiero (2. oktober 2015). «Iran as a Peculiar Hybrid Regime: Structure and Dynamics of the Islamic Republic». British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 4. 42: 558–578. ISSN 1353-0194. doi:10.1080/13530194.2015.1037246. Besøkt 11. september 2025.
Mehran, Golnar (2003-08). «The Paradox of Tradition and Modernity in Female Education in the Islamic Republic of Iran». Comparative Education Review. 3. 47: 269–286. ISSN 0010-4086. doi:10.1086/378248. Besøkt 11. september 2025. Sjekk datoverdier i |dato= (hjelp)
Rahbari, Ladan (november 2016). «Women in Higher Education and Academia in Iran». Sociology and Anthropology. 11 (på engelsk). 4: 1003–1010. ISSN 2331-6179. doi:10.13189/sa.2016.041107. Besøkt 11. september 2025.
Alizadeh-Choobari, Omid; Najafi, M. S. (1. januar 2018). «Extreme weather events in Iran under a changing climate». Climate Dynamics. 1 (på engelsk). 50: 249–260. ISSN 1432-0894. doi:10.1007/s00382-017-3602-4. Besøkt 31. januar 2025.
Yazdandoost, Farhad (november 2016). «Dams, Drought and Water Shortage in Today’s Iran». Iranian Studies. 6 (på engelsk). 49: 1017–1028. ISSN 0021-0862. doi:10.1080/00210862.2016.1241626. Besøkt 11. august 2025.
Zanganeh Shahraki, Saeed; Sauri, David; Serra, Pere; Modugno, Sirio; Seifolddini, Faranak; Pourahmad, Ahmad (1. oktober 2011). «Urban sprawl pattern and land-use change detection in Yazd, Iran». Habitat International. 4. 35: 521–528. ISSN 0197-3975. doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2011.02.004. Besøkt 6. september 2025.
Esfahani, Hadi Salehi; Pesaran, M. Hashem (april 2009). «The Iranian Economy in the Twentieth Century: A Global Perspective». Iranian Studies. 2 (på engelsk). 42: 177–211. ISSN 0021-0862. doi:10.1080/00210860902764896. Besøkt 1. februar 2025.
Danaei, Goodarz; Farzadfar, Farshad; Kelishadi, Roya; Rashidian, Arash; Rouhani, Omid M.; Ahmadnia, Shirin; Ahmadvand, Alireza; Arabi, Mandana; Ardalan, Ali (11. mai 2019). «Iran in transition». The Lancet. 10184 (på English). 393: 1984–2005. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 31043324. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)33197-0. Besøkt 6. september 2025.
Esfahani, Hadi Salehi; Mohaddes, Kamiar; Pesaran, M. Hashem (1. august 2013). «Oil exports and the Iranian economy». The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance. 3. 53: 221–237. ISSN 1062-9769. doi:10.1016/j.qref.2012.07.001. Besøkt 1. februar 2025.
Ashraf, Ahmad (1. januar 2022). «The Crisis of National and Ethnic Identities in Contemporary Iran». Iranian Studies. 1-2 (på engelsk). 26: 159–164. ISSN 0021-0862. doi:10.1080/00210869308701795. Besøkt 31. januar 2025.
Vaghefi, Saeid Ashraf; Keykhai, Malihe; Jahanbakhshi, Farshid; Sheikholeslami, Jaleh; Ahmadi, Azadeh; Yang, Hong; Abbaspour, Karim C. (6. februar 2019). «The future of extreme climate in Iran». Scientific Reports. 1 (på engelsk). 9: 1464. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6365571 . PMID 30728418. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-38071-8. Besøkt 31. januar 2025. CS1-vedlikehold: PMC-format (link)
Madani, Kaveh (1. desember 2014). «Water management in Iran: what is causing the looming crisis?». Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences. 4 (på engelsk). 4: 315–328. ISSN 2190-6491. doi:10.1007/s13412-014-0182-z. Besøkt 11. august 2025.
Karimiparidari, Sepideh; Zaré, Mehdi; Memarian, Hossein; Kijko, Andrzej (1. juli 2013). «Iranian earthquakes, a uniform catalog with moment magnitudes». Journal of Seismology. 3 (på engelsk). 17: 897–911. ISSN 1573-157X. doi:10.1007/s10950-013-9360-9. Besøkt 31. januar 2025.
Abbaspour, Razieh; Mousavi, Seyed Morteza; Rashidi, Ahmad; Khatib, Mohammad Mahdi; Derakhshani, Reza (1. april 2024). «Regional tectonic dynamics in Central Iran: Unveiling the interplay of fault systems through morphotectonic and seismological analyses in the Shotori mountains». Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 264: 106047. ISSN 1367-9120. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2024.106047. Besøkt 31. januar 2025.
Ramazi, Hamidreza; Jigheh, Hossein Soltani (15. september 2006). «The Bam (Iran) Earthquake of December 26, 2003: From an engineering and seismological point of view». Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 5 (på engelsk). 27: 576–584. ISSN 1367-9120. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2005.05.009. Besøkt 25. juni 2020. «On December 26, 2003 a large earthquake of magnitude 6.7 (Ms) shook the Bam district located in southeastern Iran. About 80% of buildings totally collapsed. Several dozen villages were destroyed and tens of them were severely damaged. More than 45,000 people were killed, and 30,000 were injured.»
Najafi, Mohammad Saeed; Alizadeh, Omid (2023). «Climate zones in Iran». Meteorological Applications. 5 (på engelsk). 30: e2147. ISSN 1469-8080. doi:10.1002/met.2147. Besøkt 31. januar 2025.
Karimi, Vahid; Karami, Ezatollah; Keshavarz, Marzieh (1. januar 2018). «Climate change and agriculture: Impacts and adaptive responses in Iran». Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 1. 17: 1–15. ISSN 2095-3119. doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61794-5. Besøkt 31. januar 2025.
Soltani, M.; Laux, P.; Kunstmann, H.; Stan, K.; Sohrabi, M. M.; Molanejad, M.; Sabziparvar, A. A.; Ranjbar SaadatAbadi, A.; Ranjbar, F. (1. november 2016). «Assessment of climate variations in temperature and precipitation extreme events over Iran». Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 3 (på engelsk). 126: 775–795. ISSN 1434-4483. doi:10.1007/s00704-015-1609-5. Besøkt 31. januar 2025.
Sharafati, Ahmad; Nabaei, Sina; Shahid, Shamsuddin (2020). «Spatial assessment of meteorological drought features over different climate regions in Iran». International Journal of Climatology. 3 (på engelsk). 40: 1864–1884. ISSN 1097-0088. doi:10.1002/joc.6307. Besøkt 31. januar 2025.
Shaffer, Brenda (2000). «The Formation of Azerbaijani Collective Identity in Iran». Nationalities Papers. 3 (på engelsk). 28: 449–477. ISSN 0090-5992. doi:10.1080/713687484. Besøkt 29. juni 2020. «Iran is a multi-ethnic society in which approximately 50% of its citizens are of non-Persian origin, yet researchers commonly use the terms Persians and Iranians interchangeably, neglecting the supra-ethnic meaning of the term Iranian for many of the non-Persians in Iran. The largest minority ethnic group in Iran is the Azerbaijanis (comprising approximately a third of the population) and other major groups include the Kurds, Arabs, Baluchis and Turkmen. Iran's ethnic groups are particularly susceptible to external manipulation and considerably subject to influence from events taking place outside its borders, since most of the non-Persians are concentrated in the frontier areas and have ties to co-ethnics in adjoining states, such as Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Pakistan and Iraq.»
Jaffer Sheyholislami (13. september 2012). «Kurdish in Iran: A case of restricted and controlled tolerance». International Journal of the Sociology of Language. 217 (på engelsk). 2012: 19–47. ISSN 1613-3668. doi:10.1515/ijsl-2012-0048. Besøkt 1. februar 2025.
Farjadian, Shirin; Ota, Massao; Inoko, Hidetoshi; Ghaderi, Abbas (2. november 2008). «The genetic relationship among Iranian ethnic groups: an anthropological view based on HLA class II gene polymorphism». Molecular Biology Reports. 7 (på engelsk). 36: 1943. ISSN 1573-4978. doi:10.1007/s11033-008-9403-4. Besøkt 28. juni 2020. «Highly polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes are considered as useful markers by molecular anthropologists to determine genetic relationship among populations. This review summarizes the results of molecular analyses of HLA class II gene polymorphism in 816 DNA samples from 11 Iranian ethnic groups. The genetic relationship of Iranians to Asians and Europeans has also been reported here. The results of this study revealed a close genetic relationship among Iranian subpopulations which were well separated from other Asian and European populations, however, a genetic similarity was observed among Iranians, Macedonians, Greeks, and Italians.»
Akbarzadeh, Shahram; Ahmed, Zahid Shahab; Laoutides, Costas; Gourlay, William (3. juni 2019). «The Kurds in Iran: balancing national and ethnic identity in a securitised environment». Third World Quarterly. 6. 40: 1145–1162. ISSN 0143-6597. doi:10.1080/01436597.2019.1592671. Besøkt 1. februar 2025.
Hosseini, S. Behnaz, red. (2023). «Ethnic Religious Minorities in Iran». Ethnic Religious Minorities in Iran (på engelsk). Springer. doi:10.1007/978-981-19-1633-5. Besøkt 1. februar 2025.
Floor, Willem; Javadi, Hasan (1. juli 2013). «The Role of Azerbaijani Turkish in Safavid Iran». Iranian Studies. 4. 46: 569–581. ISSN 0021-0862. doi:10.1080/00210862.2013.784516. Besøkt 29. juni 2020. «Turkic languages and dialects played a much more important role in Safavid Iran than is generally thought, while Azerbaijani Turkish in particular was widely spoken and written in Safavid Iran. It was not only the language of the court and the army, but it was also used in poetry, even by renowned poets who usually wrote in Persian. The Safavid shahs, many of whom wrote poetry in Turkish themselves, promoted its literary use. Also, Turkish was used in the court's official correspondence, for both internal and external affairs.»
Poulsen, L.; Farzad, M. Sharafi; Børsting, C.; Tomas, C.; Pereira, V.; Morling, N. (2015). «Population and forensic data for three sets of forensic genetic markers in four ethnic groups from Iran: Persians, Lurs, Kurds and Azeris». Forensic Science International: Genetics. 17: 43–46. ISSN 1872-4973. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.03.010. Besøkt 28. juni 2020.
Bozorgmehr, Mehdi (1. september 1997). «Internal Ethnicity: Iranians in Los Angeles». Sociological Perspectives. 3 (på engelsk). 40: 387–408. ISSN 0731-1214. doi:10.2307/1389449. Besøkt 31. januar 2025.
Shahvar, Soli (mars 2009). «The Islamic Regime in Iran and Its Attitude towards the Jews: The Religious and Political Dimensions». Immigrants & Minorities. 1 (på engelsk). 27: 82–117. ISSN 0261-9288. doi:10.1080/02619280902895835. Besøkt 10. november 2024.
Neusner, Jacob (1975). «How Much Iranian in Jewish Babylonia?». Journal of the American Oriental Society. 2. 95: 184–190. ISSN 0003-0279. doi:10.2307/600315. Besøkt 10. november 2024.
Mokari, Payam Ghaffarvand; Werner, Stefan (2017). «Azerbaijani». Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 2 (på engelsk). 47: 207–212. ISSN 0025-1003. doi:10.1017/S0025100317000184. Besøkt 29. juni 2020. «The Azerbaijani, Azerbaijanian or Azeri language belongs to the western group of the southwestern, or Oghuz, branch of the Turkic language family and is mainly spoken in Azerbaijan and Iran. Azerbaijani is the official language of the Republic of Azerbaijan and over 80% of its population use it as their first language (Johanson 2010). Among non-Persian languages in Iran, Azerbaijani, with approximately 15–20 million native speakers, has the largest number of speakers (Crystal 2010). In total, more than 50 million people speak Azerbaijani (Khalilzadeh 2013).»
Madanipour, Ali (1. februar 1999). «City profile: Tehran». Cities. 1 (på engelsk). 16: 57–65. ISSN 0264-2751. doi:10.1016/S0264-2751(98)00045-6. Besøkt 14. juni 2020.
Esfahani, Hadi Salehi; Pesaran, M. Hashem (april 2009). «The Iranian Economy in the Twentieth Century: A Global Perspective». Iranian Studies. 2 (på engelsk). 42: 177–211. ISSN 0021-0862. doi:10.1080/00210860902764896. Besøkt 1. februar 2025.
Kian, Azadeh (1. mai 1997). «Women and politics in post‐islamist Iran: the gender conscious drive to change». British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 1. 24: 75–96. ISSN 1353-0194. doi:10.1080/13530199708705639. Besøkt 29. september 2025.
Shammas, P. (1. april 2001). «Iran: Review of Petroleum Developments and Assessments of the Oil and Gas Fields». Energy Exploration & Exploitation. 2-3 (på engelsk). 19: 207–260. ISSN 0144-5987. doi:10.1260/0144598011492552. Besøkt 29. august 2025.
Abisaab, Rula Jurdi (1. januar 1994). «The Ulama of Jabal ‘Amil in Safavid Iran, 1501–1736: marginality, migration and social change». Iranian Studies. 1-4. 27: 103–122. ISSN 0021-0862. doi:10.1080/00210869408701822. Besøkt 29. juni 2020.
Madanipour, Ali (1. desember 2006). «Urban planning and development in Tehran». Cities. 6 (på engelsk). 23: 433–438. ISSN 0264-2751. doi:10.1016/j.cities.2006.08.002. Besøkt 14. juni 2020.
Perry, J. R. (1971). The Last Safavids, 1722–1773. Iran, 9(1), 59–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/05786967.1971.11834805
Kashani-Sabet, Firoozeh (1. oktober 1998). «Picturing the homeland: geography and national identity in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Iran». Journal of Historical Geography. 4 (på engelsk). 24: 413–430. ISSN 0305-7488. doi:10.1006/jhge.1998.0099. Besøkt 23. juni 2020. «The Treaty of Turkmanchay,signed in that year following Russo-Persian wars, transferred Persian provinces in theCaucasus to Russia, marking the closing of Iran’s north-western frontier.[4]This was tonettle Iranian patriots for years to come. The Treaty of Turkmanchay seemed tounderline the territorial vulnerability of the country and the relative weaknesses of theyoung Qajar state. To make matters worse, Qajar kings embarked on two abortivemilitary campaigns to Herat in 1837 and again in 1856, which ended with the collapseof Persian control over the city as well as over outlying Afghan lands.»
Hess, Gary R. (1974). «The Iranian Crisis of 1945-46 and the Cold War». Political Science Quarterly. 1. 89: 117–146. ISSN 0032-3195. doi:10.2307/2148118. Besøkt 14. juni 2020.
Roberts, Geoffrey (1. oktober 2007). «Stalin at the Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdam Conferences». Journal of Cold War Studies. 4. 9: 6–40. ISSN 1520-3972. doi:10.1162/jcws.2007.9.4.6. Besøkt 14. juni 2020.
Issawi, Charles (1. desember 1978). «The 1973 Oil Crisis and After». Journal of Post Keynesian Economics. 2. 1: 3–26. ISSN 0160-3477. doi:10.1080/01603477.1978.11489099. Besøkt 24. juni 2020.
Simonsen, Kjersti (2019). «Å gjøre det tradisjonelle utradisjonelt». Norsk antropologisk tidsskrift. 02 (på norsk). 30: 151–164. ISSN 1504-2898. doi:10.18261/issn.1504-2898-2019-02-05. Besøkt 28. juni 2020.
Esfahani, Hadi Salehi; Pesaran, M. Hashem (2009). «The Iranian Economy in the Twentieth Century: A Global Perspective». Iranian Studies (på engelsk). 42 (2): 177–211. ISSN 0021-0862. doi:10.1080/00210860902764896. Besøkt 8. september 2025.
Ghadimi, M.; Nezammahalleh, M. A. (11. desember 2015). «CONSTRUCTION OF A CAUSEWAY BRIDGE ACROSS THE LAKE URMIA AND ITS INFLUENCE ON DRYING TREND OF THE LAKE». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences (på engelsk). Copernicus GmbH. XL-1-W5: 211–213. doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-1-W5-211-2015 Sjekk |doi=-verdien (hjelp). Besøkt 24. juni 2020. «Construction of a causeway bridge on the Lake Urmia accelerated the drying trend of the largest hyper-saline lake of the world.»
Cronin, Stephanie (23. november 2022). «Iran in Motion; Mobility, Space, and the Trans-Iranian Railway, by Mikiya Koyagi». The English Historical Review. 589. 137: 1871–1873. ISSN 0013-8266. doi:10.1093/ehr/ceac245. Besøkt 30. september 2023.
Lemańczyk, Szczepan (mars 2013). «The Transiranian Railway – History, Context and Consequences». Middle Eastern Studies. 2 (på engelsk). 49: 237–245. ISSN 0026-3206. doi:10.1080/00263206.2012.759102. Besøkt 16. november 2025.
Lemańczyk, Szczepan (mars 2013). «The Transiranian Railway – History, Context and Consequences». Middle Eastern Studies. 2 (på engelsk). 49: 237–245. ISSN 0026-3206. doi:10.1080/00263206.2012.759102. Besøkt 16. november 2025.
Fereidouni, Somayeh; Mehran, Golmar; Mansourian, Yasdan (2015). «Female Empowerment in Iran: The Voice of Iranian University Students». Higher Education Quarterly. 4 (på engelsk). 69: 366–385. ISSN 1468-2273. doi:10.1111/hequ.12079. Besøkt 11. september 2025.
Kian, Azadeh (1. mai 1997). «Women and politics in post‐islamist Iran: the gender conscious drive to change». British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 1. 24: 75–96. ISSN 1353-0194. doi:10.1080/13530199708705639. Besøkt 29. september 2025.
Alaedini, Pooya; Razavi, Mohamad Reza (1. mars 2005). «Women's Participation and Employment in Iran: A Critical Examination». Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies. 1. 14: 57–73. ISSN 1066-9922. doi:10.1080/10669920500057062. Besøkt 1. oktober 2025.
Javadian, Golshan; Y. Addae, Isaac (4. november 2013). «The impact of bureaucracies and occupational segregation on participation of Iranian women in the workforce». Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal. 7 (på engelsk). 32: 654–670. ISSN 2040-7149. doi:10.1108/EDI-08-2012-0067. Besøkt 1. oktober 2025.
Majbouri, Mahdi (1. oktober 2016). «Against the Wind: Labor Force Participation of Women and Economic Instability in Iran». Feminist Economics. 4. 22: 31–53. ISSN 1354-5701. doi:10.1080/13545701.2016.1150597. Besøkt 1. oktober 2025.
Hajebi, Amirali; Nasserinejad, Maryam; Rezaei, Negar; Azadnajafabad, Sina; Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi; Ahmadi, Naser; Ghasemi, Erfan; Farzi, Yosef; Yoosefi, Moein (22. juli 2024). «Alcohol consumption among Iranian population based on the findings of STEPS survey 2021». Scientific Reports. 1 (på engelsk). 14: 16819. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 11263364 . PMID 39039151. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-66257-w. Besøkt 1. oktober 2025.
Zehtabian, Gholamreza (2010). «High Demand in a Land of Water Scarcity: Iran». I Schneier-Madanes, Graciela. Water and Sustainability in Arid Regions: Bridging the Gap Between Physical and Social Sciences (på engelsk). Springer Netherlands. s. 75–86. ISBN 978-90-481-2776-4. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2776-4_5. Besøkt 11. august 2025.
Ardalan, Ali (2019). «Urban Water Issues in the Megacity of Tehran». I Ray, Bhaswati. Urban Drought: Emerging Water Challenges in Asia (på engelsk). Springer. s. 263–288. ISBN 978-981-10-8947-3. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-8947-3_16. Besøkt 11. august 2025.
Zehtabian, Gholamreza (2010). «High Demand in a Land of Water Scarcity: Iran». I Schneier-Madanes, Graciela. Water and Sustainability in Arid Regions: Bridging the Gap Between Physical and Social Sciences (på engelsk). Springer Netherlands. s. 75–86. ISBN 978-90-481-2776-4. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2776-4_5. Besøkt 11. august 2025.

dw.com (Global: 204^th place; Norwegian: 397^th place)

«Why the ground shakes so often in Iran – DW – 11/13/2017». dw.com (på engelsk). Besøkt 31. januar 2025.
«Iran: 'Death penalty as a tool of oppression' – DW – 02/25/2025». dw.com (på engelsk). Besøkt 27. september 2025.
«Why Israel is hitting Iran's vital energy infrastructure – DW – 06/16/2025». dw.com (på engelsk). Besøkt 6. september 2025.
«Alcohol in Iran: The deadly cost of prohibition – DW – 07/30/2023». dw.com (på engelsk). Besøkt 1. oktober 2025.
«Iran's water crisis leads to alarming ground collapse – DW – 06/19/2024». dw.com (på engelsk). Besøkt 11. august 2025.

earth-policy.org (Global: low place; Norwegian: low place)

Larsen, Janet (28. desember 2001). «Iran's Birth Rate Plummeting at Record Pace». World policy Institute. Arkivert fra originalen 17. september 2008. Besøkt 21. juli 2008. «both men and women to take a class on modern contraception before receiving a marriage license»

ebsco.com (Global: low place; Norwegian: low place)

«Iran's natural gas reserves | Research Starters | EBSCO Research». EBSCO (på engelsk). Besøkt 6. september 2025.

economist.com (Global: 254^th place; Norwegian: 309^th place)

«How Iran can respond to the killing of Qassem Suleimani, How Iran can respond to the killing of Qassem Suleimani». The Economist. 9. januar 2020. ISSN 0013-0613. Besøkt 12. januar 2020. «According to Mike Pompeo, America’s secretary of state, President Donald Trump ordered the killing because the general was organising a plot which posed an imminent threat to American citizens. Compelling evidence for this has not been forthcoming; but a secondary justification—that among the tens of thousands of people killed by General Suleimani’s forces were at least 600 Americans—has also been widely used and appears to satisfy many Americans.»

eiu.com (Global: 3,305^th place; Norwegian: 4,851^st place)

«Democracy Index 2024». Economist Intelligence Unit (på engelsk). Besøkt 13. september 2025.

elsevier.com (Global: 610^th place; Norwegian: 1,338^th place)

linkinghub.elsevier.com

Karimi, Vahid; Karami, Ezatollah; Keshavarz, Marzieh (1. januar 2018). «Climate change and agriculture: Impacts and adaptive responses in Iran». Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 1. 17: 1–15. ISSN 2095-3119. doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61794-5. Besøkt 31. januar 2025.

emerald.com (Global: 7,184^th place; Norwegian: low place)

Javadian, Golshan; Y. Addae, Isaac (4. november 2013). «The impact of bureaucracies and occupational segregation on participation of Iranian women in the workforce». Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal. 7 (på engelsk). 32: 654–670. ISSN 2040-7149. doi:10.1108/EDI-08-2012-0067. Besøkt 1. oktober 2025.

farhang.gov.ir (Global: 9,906^th place; Norwegian: low place)

foreignmedia.farhang.gov.ir

«Arkivert kopi». Arkivert fra originalen 25. november 2021. Besøkt 25. november 2021.

farsiglobal.com (Global: low place; Norwegian: low place)

«Kurdish Sorani». farsiglobal.com. Besøkt 19. november 2022.

fidh.org (Global: low place; Norwegian: 9,938^th place)

«Resolution on the serious and systematic human rights violations in Iran». International Federation for Human Rights (på engelsk). Besøkt 19. november 2022.

fn.no (Global: low place; Norwegian: 267^th place)

«Demokrati-indeksen». fn.no. Besøkt 13. september 2025.

foreignpolicy.com (Global: 1,116^th place; Norwegian: 1,033^rd place)

Allen-Ebrahimian, Bethany (20. juni 2017). «64 Years Later, CIA Finally Releases Details of Iranian Coup». Foreign Policy (på engelsk). Besøkt 23. juni 2020. «Known as Operation Ajax, the CIA plot was ultimately about oil. Western firms had for decades controlled the region’s oil wealth, whether Arabian-American Oil Company in Saudi Arabia, or the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company in Iran.»
Nader, Nik Kowsar, Alireza (11. august 2025). «Iran’s Taps Are Nearly Empty». Foreign Policy (på engelsk). Besøkt 11. august 2025.

forskning.no (Global: low place; Norwegian: 61^st place)

Sjursen, Liv Ragnhild Holdhus (16. mars 2015). «Mannen som bygget verdens veier». www.forskning.no. Besøkt 16. november 2025.

framtida.no (Global: low place; Norwegian: 304^th place)

«Zahra (31) er dømd til døden for å «promotere homoseksualitet»». Framtida.no. 7. september 2022.

freedomhouse.org (Global: 2,046^th place; Norwegian: 1,754^th place)

«Iran: Freedom in the World 2023». Freedom House.
«Iran: Country Profile». Freedom House (på engelsk). Besøkt 13. september 2025.

ft.com (Global: 210^th place; Norwegian: 491^st place)

«Iran’s relationship with alcohol is reaching a tipping point». Financial Times. 13. juli 2023. Besøkt 1. oktober 2025.

giek.no (Global: low place; Norwegian: low place)

«Iran». www.giek.no (på norsk). GIEK. Besøkt 24. juni 2020.

gov.krd (Global: low place; Norwegian: low place)

«Kurdistan Regional Government». Kurdistan Regional Government (på engelsk). Besøkt 17. februar 2025.

hcch.net (Global: low place; Norwegian: low place)

«HCCH | Authority». www.hcch.net (på engelsk). Besøkt 17. februar 2025.

hriran.com (Global: low place; Norwegian: low place)

«Iran executes six more Kurds without fair trial (Arkivert kopi)». International Organisation To Preserve Human Rights In Iran. 11. august 2016. Arkivert fra originalen 2. februar 2017. Besøkt 25. januar 2017.

hrpub.org (Global: low place; Norwegian: low place)

Rahbari, Ladan (november 2016). «Women in Higher Education and Academia in Iran». Sociology and Anthropology. 11 (på engelsk). 4: 1003–1010. ISSN 2331-6179. doi:10.13189/sa.2016.041107. Besøkt 11. september 2025.

icepop.com (Global: low place; Norwegian: low place)

«Arkivert kopi». Arkivert fra originalen 18. desember 2022. Besøkt 18. desember 2022.

idunn.no (Global: low place; Norwegian: 167^th place)

Heradstveit, Daniel (2000). «Iran – reformer eller kaos?». Internasjonal Politikk. 04 (på norsk). 58: 583–613. Besøkt 22. juni 2020.
Simonsen, Kjersti (2019). «Å gjøre det tradisjonelle utradisjonelt». Norsk antropologisk tidsskrift. 02 (på norsk). 30: 151–164. ISSN 1504-2898. doi:10.18261/issn.1504-2898-2019-02-05. Besøkt 28. juni 2020.

iea.org (Global: 2,532^nd place; Norwegian: 3,513^th place)

«Iran - Countries & Regions». IEA (på engelsk). Besøkt 6. september 2025.
«Iran - Countries & Regions». IEA (på engelsk). Besøkt 6. september 2025.

indianexpress.com (Global: 60^th place; Norwegian: 2,434^th place)

«India takes lead to run freight train from Dhaka to Istanbul». The Indian Express (på engelsk). 3. mars 2017. Besøkt 24. juni 2020.

indiatimes.com (Global: 17^th place; Norwegian: 801^st place)

economictimes.indiatimes.com

Dayal, Raghu (27. januar 2010). «India can still drive the Trans-Asian Railway». The Economic Times. Besøkt 25. juni 2020.

int-arch-photogramm-remote-sens-spatial-inf-sci.net (Global: low place; Norwegian: low place)

Ghadimi, M.; Nezammahalleh, M. A. (11. desember 2015). «CONSTRUCTION OF A CAUSEWAY BRIDGE ACROSS THE LAKE URMIA AND ITS INFLUENCE ON DRYING TREND OF THE LAKE». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences (på engelsk). Copernicus GmbH. XL-1-W5: 211–213. doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-1-W5-211-2015 Sjekk |doi=-verdien (hjelp). Besøkt 24. juni 2020. «Construction of a causeway bridge on the Lake Urmia accelerated the drying trend of the largest hyper-saline lake of the world.»

iran.ir (Global: low place; Norwegian: low place)

en.iran.ir

«Language and literature - درگاه ملی خدمات الکترونیکی ایران». en.iran.ir. Besøkt 19. november 2022.

iranchamber.com (Global: 6,993^rd place; Norwegian: 5,147^th place)

Shapour Suren-Pahlav, Chess, Iranian or Indian Invention?

iranicaonline.org (Global: 358^th place; Norwegian: 1,726^th place)

«Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica». iranicaonline.org (på engelsk). Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation. Besøkt 19. november 2022.

iranintl.com (Global: 2,247^th place; Norwegian: low place)

old.iranintl.com

«Erdogan's Remarks In Baku Provoke Strong Reaction From Iran». Iran International (på engelsk). 11. desember 2020. Besøkt 19. november 2022.

itto.org (Global: low place; Norwegian: low place)

www.sirang.com, Sirang Rasaneh. «Iranian People & Tribes - Article and Research - ITTO». itto.org | Iran Tourism & Touring. Besøkt 19. november 2022.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; Norwegian: 107^th place)

Madih, 'Abbas-'Ali (2007). «The Kurds of Khorasan». Iran & the Caucasus. 1. 11: 11–31. ISSN 1609-8498. Besøkt 20. april 2022.
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«The Gypsies of Iran (A Brief Introduction) on JSTOR». www.jstor.org (på engelsk). Besøkt 28. juni 2020.
Entessar, Nader (1984). «The Kurds in Post-Revolutionary Iran and Iraq». Third World Quarterly. 4. 6: 911–933. ISSN 0143-6597. Besøkt 1. februar 2025.
Fischel, Walter J. (1950). «The Jews of Persia, 1795-1940». Jewish Social Studies. 2. 12: 119–160. ISSN 0021-6704. Besøkt 2. november 2024.
Neusner, Jacob (1975). «How Much Iranian in Jewish Babylonia?». Journal of the American Oriental Society. 2. 95: 184–190. ISSN 0003-0279. doi:10.2307/600315. Besøkt 10. november 2024.
Clawson, Patrick (1993). «Knitting Iran Together: The Land Transport Revolution, 1920-1940». Iranian Studies. 3/4. 26: 235–250. ISSN 0021-0862. Besøkt 23. juni 2020.
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Keddie, Nikki R. (2000). «Women in Iran Since 1979». Social Research. 2. 67: 405–438. ISSN 0037-783X. Besøkt 3. oktober 2025.

mitpressjournals.org (Global: low place; Norwegian: 7,422^nd place)

Roberts, Geoffrey (1. oktober 2007). «Stalin at the Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdam Conferences». Journal of Cold War Studies. 4. 9: 6–40. ISSN 1520-3972. doi:10.1162/jcws.2007.9.4.6. Besøkt 14. juni 2020.

mysterylovescompany.com (Global: low place; Norwegian: low place)

«Simply Sorani: A Brief Introduction to the Sorani Kurdish of Northern Iraq and Western Iran (Paperback)». www.mysterylovescompany.com (på engelsk). Mystery Loves Company Booksellers. Besøkt 19. november 2022.

natakallam.com (Global: low place; Norwegian: low place)

NaTakallam (17. desember 2020). «Shabe Yalda: The Longest Night of the Year - NaTakallam» (på engelsk). Besøkt 17. februar 2025.

nationalpost.com (Global: 818^th place; Norwegian: 2,296^th place)

Clarfield, Geoffrey (7. mai 2018). «Full Comment: Iran doesn't hesitate to murder its children — it just uses a loophole». National Post (på engelsk). Besøkt 19. november 2022.

nature.com (Global: 234^th place; Norwegian: 369^th place)

Vaghefi, Saeid Ashraf; Keykhai, Malihe; Jahanbakhshi, Farshid; Sheikholeslami, Jaleh; Ahmadi, Azadeh; Yang, Hong; Abbaspour, Karim C. (6. februar 2019). «The future of extreme climate in Iran». Scientific Reports. 1 (på engelsk). 9: 1464. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6365571 . PMID 30728418. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-38071-8. Besøkt 31. januar 2025. CS1-vedlikehold: PMC-format (link)
Hajebi, Amirali; Nasserinejad, Maryam; Rezaei, Negar; Azadnajafabad, Sina; Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi; Ahmadi, Naser; Ghasemi, Erfan; Farzi, Yosef; Yoosefi, Moein (22. juli 2024). «Alcohol consumption among Iranian population based on the findings of STEPS survey 2021». Scientific Reports. 1 (på engelsk). 14: 16819. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 11263364 . PMID 39039151. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-66257-w. Besøkt 1. oktober 2025.

nb.no (Global: 1,595^th place; Norwegian: 3^rd place)

urn.nb.no

Geografisk leksikon. Oslo: Cappelen. 1981. ISBN 8202044499.
Verden i dag. Bind 15. Midøsten. Oslo: Bonnier Publications/Semic. 1995. ISBN 8253518595.
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CAP leksikon. Oslo: Cappelen. 1975. ISBN 8202031702.
Carpenter, Shirley (1986). Verdens land og folk. Oslo: Faktum forlag. ISBN 8254000549.
Jordens folk, Bind 8. Vest-Asia og Nord-Afrika.. Oslo: Cappelen. 1977. ISBN 8202033519.
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Piekalkiewicz, Janusz (1988). Den annen verdenskrig. Oslo: P. Asschenfeldts bokklubb. s. 124. ISBN 8240105238.
Caplex: Cappelens ettbinds leksikon : leksikon, atlas, tabellverk. [Oslo]: Cappelen. 1990. ISBN 8202091829.
Friedemann, Jens. (1975). De rike araberne: verdens nye maktsentrum. Oslo: Aschehoug. ISBN 8203067263.
Fakta om krig og fred. [Oslo]: Pax. 1983. ISBN 8253012942.
Amnesty International årsrapport. Oslo: Cappelens forlag. 1989. ISBN 8202119871.
Gleditsch, Nils Petter (1988). Norge i verdenssamfunnet: en statistisk håndbok. Oslo: Pax. ISBN 8253014244.
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Geografisk leksikon. Oslo: Cappelen. 1981. ISBN 8202044499.
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Svingen, Arne (2003). Ayatollah highway. [Oslo]: Gyldendal. ISBN 8205312702.

newsweek.com (Global: 269^th place; Norwegian: 638^th place)

«Iran sees most women ever run in election—Can they break ...». Newsweek (på engelsk). 29. februar 2024. Besøkt 20. september 2025.
«Iranian Jewish leader denounces Israel's "savage" attacks on Iran». Newsweek (på engelsk). 19. juni 2025. Besøkt 5. oktober 2025.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; Norwegian: 23^rd place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Danaei, Goodarz; Farzadfar, Farshad; Kelishadi, Roya; Rashidian, Arash; Rouhani, Omid M.; Ahmadnia, Shirin; Ahmadvand, Alireza; Arabi, Mandana; Ardalan, Ali (11. mai 2019). «Iran in transition». The Lancet. 10184 (på English). 393: 1984–2005. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 31043324. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)33197-0. Besøkt 6. september 2025.
Vaghefi, Saeid Ashraf; Keykhai, Malihe; Jahanbakhshi, Farshid; Sheikholeslami, Jaleh; Ahmadi, Azadeh; Yang, Hong; Abbaspour, Karim C. (6. februar 2019). «The future of extreme climate in Iran». Scientific Reports. 1 (på engelsk). 9: 1464. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6365571 . PMID 30728418. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-38071-8. Besøkt 31. januar 2025. CS1-vedlikehold: PMC-format (link)
Hajebi, Amirali; Nasserinejad, Maryam; Rezaei, Negar; Azadnajafabad, Sina; Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi; Ahmadi, Naser; Ghasemi, Erfan; Farzi, Yosef; Yoosefi, Moein (22. juli 2024). «Alcohol consumption among Iranian population based on the findings of STEPS survey 2021». Scientific Reports. 1 (på engelsk). 14: 16819. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 11263364 . PMID 39039151. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-66257-w. Besøkt 1. oktober 2025.

nrk.no (Global: 849^th place; Norwegian: 2^nd place)

Kristensen, Mette (11. januar 2026). «Iran advarer USA». NRK. Besøkt 11. januar 2026.
Zondag, Martin H. W. (3. januar 2020). «Slik var «Irans militære mesterhjerne»». NRK. Besøkt 4. januar 2020.
Wold, Sidsel (5. januar 2020). «Slik kan Iran slå tilbake etter drapet på sin mektige general». NRK. Besøkt 5. januar 2020.
NRK (6. juli 2024). «Den noe mer reformvennlige Masoud Pezeshkian blir Irans nye president.». NRK. Besøkt 7. juli 2024.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; Norwegian: 33^rd place)

nytimes.com

«Iran’s Vital Oil Industry Is Vulnerable in an Escalating Conflict». New York Times (på engelsk). 14. juni 2025. Besøkt 6. september 2025.
Charlotte Curtis, Special to The New York Times (13. oktober 1971). «First Party of Iran's 2,500‐Year Celebration». The New York Times (på engelsk). ISSN 0362-4331. Besøkt 26. juni 2020.
Worth, Robert F.; Fathi, Nazila (13. juni 2009). «Protests Flare in Tehran as Opposition Disputes Vote». The New York Times (på engelsk). ISSN 0362-4331. Besøkt 29. juni 2020.
Erdbrink, Thomas (30. januar 2014). «Its Great Lake Shriveled, Iran Confronts Crisis of Water Supply». The New York Times (på engelsk). ISSN 0362-4331. Besøkt 24. juni 2020.

archive.nytimes.com

«Timeline of Iranian Coup». archive.nytimes.com. Besøkt 23. juni 2020.

opendoors.org (Global: low place; Norwegian: low place)

«Iran». Open Doors International.

reuters.com (Global: 49^th place; Norwegian: 132^nd place)

«Iran's oil exports and tensions with the West». Reuters (på engelsk). 16. april 2024. Besøkt 6. september 2025.
«Ahmadinejad's victory greeted by Tehran protests». Reuters (på engelsk). 13. juni 2009. Besøkt 29. juni 2020. «The protests were a rare direct challenge to Iranian authorities. The result and its violent aftermath raised fresh questions about the direction of Iranian policies at a time when U.S. President Barack Obama wants to improve relations with Iran.»

rsf.org (Global: 2,397^th place; Norwegian: 1,457^th place)

«Iran». Reporters Without Borders.

sagepub.com (Global: 731^st place; Norwegian: 686^th place)

journals.sagepub.com

Bozorgmehr, Mehdi (1. september 1997). «Internal Ethnicity: Iranians in Los Angeles». Sociological Perspectives. 3 (på engelsk). 40: 387–408. ISSN 0731-1214. doi:10.2307/1389449. Besøkt 31. januar 2025.

science.org (Global: 1,160^th place; Norwegian: 1,681^st place)

«Feature: Saving Iran's great salt lake». www.science.org (på engelsk). Besøkt 4. februar 2025.

sciencedirect.com (Global: 149^th place; Norwegian: 236^th place)

Zanganeh Shahraki, Saeed; Sauri, David; Serra, Pere; Modugno, Sirio; Seifolddini, Faranak; Pourahmad, Ahmad (1. oktober 2011). «Urban sprawl pattern and land-use change detection in Yazd, Iran». Habitat International. 4. 35: 521–528. ISSN 0197-3975. doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2011.02.004. Besøkt 6. september 2025.
Esfahani, Hadi Salehi; Mohaddes, Kamiar; Pesaran, M. Hashem (1. august 2013). «Oil exports and the Iranian economy». The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance. 3. 53: 221–237. ISSN 1062-9769. doi:10.1016/j.qref.2012.07.001. Besøkt 1. februar 2025.
Abbaspour, Razieh; Mousavi, Seyed Morteza; Rashidi, Ahmad; Khatib, Mohammad Mahdi; Derakhshani, Reza (1. april 2024). «Regional tectonic dynamics in Central Iran: Unveiling the interplay of fault systems through morphotectonic and seismological analyses in the Shotori mountains». Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 264: 106047. ISSN 1367-9120. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2024.106047. Besøkt 31. januar 2025.
Ramazi, Hamidreza; Jigheh, Hossein Soltani (15. september 2006). «The Bam (Iran) Earthquake of December 26, 2003: From an engineering and seismological point of view». Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 5 (på engelsk). 27: 576–584. ISSN 1367-9120. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2005.05.009. Besøkt 25. juni 2020. «On December 26, 2003 a large earthquake of magnitude 6.7 (Ms) shook the Bam district located in southeastern Iran. About 80% of buildings totally collapsed. Several dozen villages were destroyed and tens of them were severely damaged. More than 45,000 people were killed, and 30,000 were injured.»
Madanipour, Ali (1. februar 1999). «City profile: Tehran». Cities. 1 (på engelsk). 16: 57–65. ISSN 0264-2751. doi:10.1016/S0264-2751(98)00045-6. Besøkt 14. juni 2020.
Madanipour, Ali (1. desember 2006). «Urban planning and development in Tehran». Cities. 6 (på engelsk). 23: 433–438. ISSN 0264-2751. doi:10.1016/j.cities.2006.08.002. Besøkt 14. juni 2020.
Kashani-Sabet, Firoozeh (1. oktober 1998). «Picturing the homeland: geography and national identity in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Iran». Journal of Historical Geography. 4 (på engelsk). 24: 413–430. ISSN 0305-7488. doi:10.1006/jhge.1998.0099. Besøkt 23. juni 2020. «The Treaty of Turkmanchay,signed in that year following Russo-Persian wars, transferred Persian provinces in theCaucasus to Russia, marking the closing of Iran’s north-western frontier.[4]This was tonettle Iranian patriots for years to come. The Treaty of Turkmanchay seemed tounderline the territorial vulnerability of the country and the relative weaknesses of theyoung Qajar state. To make matters worse, Qajar kings embarked on two abortivemilitary campaigns to Herat in 1837 and again in 1856, which ended with the collapseof Persian control over the city as well as over outlying Afghan lands.»

snl.no (Global: 667^th place; Norwegian: 5^th place)

«Dasht-e Kavir». Store norske leksikon. 28. september 2014. Besøkt 23. juni 2020.
Thiesen, Finn (20. oktober 2016). «kurdisk». Store norske leksikon. Besøkt 21. juni 2020.
Mejdell, Gunvor (27. februar 2020). «arabisk». Store norske leksikon. Besøkt 21. juni 2020.
Brendemoen, Bernt (20. januar 2014). «tyrkiske språk». Store norske leksikon. Besøkt 21. juni 2020.
«Mahmoud Ahmadinejad». Store norske leksikon. 25. februar 2020. Besøkt 29. juni 2020.
Izadi, Mohammad M. (17. november 2017). «Forholdet mellom Iran og Norge». Store norske leksikon. Besøkt 24. juni 2020.
Lodgaard, Sverre (1. juni 2020). «Iran». Store norske leksikon. Besøkt 23. juni 2020.
Kvaase, Kim (19. september 2024). «Shiraz – by i Iran». Store norske leksikon (på norsk). Besøkt 1. november 2024.

spiegel.de (Global: 66^th place; Norwegian: 187^th place)

«The Price of Faithlessness: Iran to Punish Apostasy with Death». Der Spiegel (på engelsk). 28. februar 2008. ISSN 2195-1349. Besøkt 27. september 2025.
«Schah von Persien 1971: Die größte Party auf Erden - DER SPIEGEL - Geschichte». www.spiegel.de (på tysk). 14. februar 2017. Besøkt 26. juni 2020. «So viel Prunksucht war nie: 1971 veranstaltete Mohammad Reza Pahlavi ein gigantisches Fest in Persepolis. Dieser Größenwahn trug am Ende zum Schah-Sturz bei und ebnete der Islamischen Revolution den Weg.»

springer.com (Global: 274^th place; Norwegian: 698^th place)

link.springer.com

Alizadeh-Choobari, Omid; Najafi, M. S. (1. januar 2018). «Extreme weather events in Iran under a changing climate». Climate Dynamics. 1 (på engelsk). 50: 249–260. ISSN 1432-0894. doi:10.1007/s00382-017-3602-4. Besøkt 31. januar 2025.
Karimiparidari, Sepideh; Zaré, Mehdi; Memarian, Hossein; Kijko, Andrzej (1. juli 2013). «Iranian earthquakes, a uniform catalog with moment magnitudes». Journal of Seismology. 3 (på engelsk). 17: 897–911. ISSN 1573-157X. doi:10.1007/s10950-013-9360-9. Besøkt 31. januar 2025.
Soltani, M.; Laux, P.; Kunstmann, H.; Stan, K.; Sohrabi, M. M.; Molanejad, M.; Sabziparvar, A. A.; Ranjbar SaadatAbadi, A.; Ranjbar, F. (1. november 2016). «Assessment of climate variations in temperature and precipitation extreme events over Iran». Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 3 (på engelsk). 126: 775–795. ISSN 1434-4483. doi:10.1007/s00704-015-1609-5. Besøkt 31. januar 2025.
Hosseini, S. Behnaz, red. (2023). «Ethnic Religious Minorities in Iran». Ethnic Religious Minorities in Iran (på engelsk). Springer. doi:10.1007/978-981-19-1633-5. Besøkt 1. februar 2025.

statoids.com (Global: 1,549^th place; Norwegian: 519^th place)

«Provinces of Iran» (på engelsk). Statoids. 21. april 2016. Besøkt 27. juni 2020.

tandfonline.com (Global: 507^th place; Norwegian: 472^nd place)

Akbarzadeh, Shahram; Ahmed, Zahid Shahab; Laoutides, Costas; Gourlay, William (3. juni 2019). «The Kurds in Iran: balancing national and ethnic identity in a securitised environment». Third World Quarterly. 6. 40: 1145–1162. ISSN 0143-6597. doi:10.1080/01436597.2019.1592671. Besøkt 1. februar 2025.
Shahvar, Soli (mars 2009). «The Islamic Regime in Iran and Its Attitude towards the Jews: The Religious and Political Dimensions». Immigrants & Minorities. 1 (på engelsk). 27: 82–117. ISSN 0261-9288. doi:10.1080/02619280902895835. Besøkt 10. november 2024.
Lemańczyk, Szczepan (mars 2013). «The Transiranian Railway – History, Context and Consequences». Middle Eastern Studies. 2 (på engelsk). 49: 237–245. ISSN 0026-3206. doi:10.1080/00263206.2012.759102. Besøkt 16. november 2025.
Lemańczyk, Szczepan (mars 2013). «The Transiranian Railway – History, Context and Consequences». Middle Eastern Studies. 2 (på engelsk). 49: 237–245. ISSN 0026-3206. doi:10.1080/00263206.2012.759102. Besøkt 16. november 2025.

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 30^th place; Norwegian: 94^th place)

Tweedie, Neil (14. august 2001). «Public Record Office: Shah's party was too tacky for the Queen» (på engelsk). ISSN 0307-1235. Besøkt 30. juni 2020.

theguardian.com (Global: 12^th place; Norwegian: 35^th place)

«Iran essential information | Countries | guardian.co.uk Travel». www.theguardian.com. Besøkt 17. februar 2025.
McKie, Robin; editor, science (8. mars 2015). «Why fresh water shortages will cause the next great global crisis». The Observer (på engelsk). ISSN 0029-7712. Besøkt 22. juni 2020.
Dehghan, Saeed Kamali; Norton-Taylor, Richard (19. august 2013). «CIA admits role in 1953 Iranian coup». The Guardian (på engelsk). ISSN 0261-3077. Besøkt 23. juni 2020. «The CIA has publicly admitted for the first time that it was behind the notorious 1953 coup against Iran's democratically elected prime minister Mohammad Mosaddeq, in documents that also show how the British government tried to block the release of information about its own involvement in his overthrow.»
Christou, William; Parent, Deepa (10. januar 2026). «New protests erupt in Iran as supreme leader signals upcoming crackdown». The Guardian (på engelsk). ISSN 0261-3077. Besøkt 11. januar 2026.
France-Presse, Agence (29. november 2023). «Iran execution of child condemned by UN human rights office». The Guardian (på engelsk). ISSN 0261-3077. Besøkt 27. september 2025.
Associated Press (28. mai 2020). «Romina Ashrafi: outcry in Iran over so-called 'honour killing' of 14-year-old girl». The Guardian (på engelsk). ISSN 0261-3077. Besøkt 28. mai 2020.

thelancet.com (Global: 2,393^rd place; Norwegian: 1,534^th place)

Danaei, Goodarz; Farzadfar, Farshad; Kelishadi, Roya; Rashidian, Arash; Rouhani, Omid M.; Ahmadnia, Shirin; Ahmadvand, Alireza; Arabi, Mandana; Ardalan, Ali (11. mai 2019). «Iran in transition». The Lancet. 10184 (på English). 393: 1984–2005. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 31043324. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)33197-0. Besøkt 6. september 2025.

thetimes.com (Global: low place; Norwegian: low place)

Paris, Adam Sage (5. oktober 2023). «Exiled Iranians uncork tradition with Persian wine». www.thetimes.com (på engelsk). Besøkt 1. november 2024.

thewashingtonoutsider.com (Global: low place; Norwegian: low place)

https://www.thewashingtonoutsider.com/social-and-economic-challenges-in-iran-and-their-impact-on-the-national-security-of-the-arabian-gulf-region/

time.com (Global: 61^st place; Norwegian: 150^th place)

science.time.com

Rayman, Noah (18. oktober 2013). «The 10 Most Polluted Cities in the World». Time (på engelsk). ISSN 0040-781X. Besøkt 24. juni 2020.

tums.ac.ir (Global: low place; Norwegian: low place)

irswleadinghouse.tums.ac.ir

«Arkivert kopi». Arkivert fra originalen 18. desember 2022. Besøkt 18. desember 2022.

uchicago.edu (Global: 230^th place; Norwegian: 288^th place)

journals.uchicago.edu

Mehran, Golnar (2003-08). «The Paradox of Tradition and Modernity in Female Education in the Islamic Republic of Iran». Comparative Education Review. 3. 47: 269–286. ISSN 0010-4086. doi:10.1086/378248. Besøkt 11. september 2025. Sjekk datoverdier i |dato= (hjelp)

un.org (Global: 97^th place; Norwegian: 110^th place)

news.un.org

«Human Rights Council hears alarming updates on executions in Iran and global civic space crackdown | UN News». news.un.org (på engelsk). 18. juni 2025. Besøkt 27. september 2025.

unesco.org (Global: 104^th place; Norwegian: 101^st place)

uis.unesco.org

"Iran (Islamic Republic of)"; besøksdato: 25. november 2019; utgiver: UNESCO; oppført som: Literacy rate among the population aged 15 years and older; utgivelsesdato: 27. november 2016.

whc.unesco.org

«World Heritage List». UNESCO.

vg.no (Global: 1,177^th place; Norwegian: 4^th place)

«Slik ble avgjørelsen om Soleimani-drapet tatt». www.vg.no. 5. januar 2020. Besøkt 5. januar 2020.

vitterhetsakad.se (Global: low place; Norwegian: low place)

Hafiz ställning inom klassisk persisk poesi Arkivert 1. november 2011 hos Wayback Machine., Kungliga Vitterhets Historie og Antikvitets Akademiens Årsbok, Stockholm, 2009.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Norwegian: 1^st place)

«Arkivert kopi». Arkivert fra originalen 18. desember 2022. Besøkt 18. desember 2022.
«Arkivert kopi». Arkivert fra originalen 18. desember 2022. Besøkt 18. desember 2022.
«Arkivert kopi». Arkivert fra originalen 25. november 2021. Besøkt 25. november 2021.
«Iran executes six more Kurds without fair trial (Arkivert kopi)». International Organisation To Preserve Human Rights In Iran. 11. august 2016. Arkivert fra originalen 2. februar 2017. Besøkt 25. januar 2017.
«The World Factbook: Iran». CIA. 2012. People and Society. Arkivert fra originalen 19. november 2012. CS1-vedlikehold: Uheldig URL (link) «Arkivert kopi». Arkivert fra originalen 3. februar 2012. Besøkt 20. juli 2008.
Larsen, Janet (28. desember 2001). «Iran's Birth Rate Plummeting at Record Pace». World policy Institute. Arkivert fra originalen 17. september 2008. Besøkt 21. juli 2008. «both men and women to take a class on modern contraception before receiving a marriage license»
Hafiz ställning inom klassisk persisk poesi Arkivert 1. november 2011 hos Wayback Machine., Kungliga Vitterhets Historie og Antikvitets Akademiens Årsbok, Stockholm, 2009.

wiley.com (Global: 222^nd place; Norwegian: 262^nd place)

rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Najafi, Mohammad Saeed; Alizadeh, Omid (2023). «Climate zones in Iran». Meteorological Applications. 5 (på engelsk). 30: e2147. ISSN 1469-8080. doi:10.1002/met.2147. Besøkt 31. januar 2025.
Sharafati, Ahmad; Nabaei, Sina; Shahid, Shamsuddin (2020). «Spatial assessment of meteorological drought features over different climate regions in Iran». International Journal of Climatology. 3 (på engelsk). 40: 1864–1884. ISSN 1097-0088. doi:10.1002/joc.6307. Besøkt 31. januar 2025.

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Fereidouni, Somayeh; Mehran, Golmar; Mansourian, Yasdan (2015). «Female Empowerment in Iran: The Voice of Iranian University Students». Higher Education Quarterly. 4 (på engelsk). 69: 366–385. ISSN 1468-2273. doi:10.1111/hequ.12079. Besøkt 11. september 2025.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; Norwegian: 13^th place)

Abdolmohammadi, Pejman; Cama, Giampiero (2. oktober 2015). «Iran as a Peculiar Hybrid Regime: Structure and Dynamics of the Islamic Republic». British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 4. 42: 558–578. ISSN 1353-0194. doi:10.1080/13530194.2015.1037246. Besøkt 11. september 2025.
Mehran, Golnar (2003-08). «The Paradox of Tradition and Modernity in Female Education in the Islamic Republic of Iran». Comparative Education Review. 3. 47: 269–286. ISSN 0010-4086. doi:10.1086/378248. Besøkt 11. september 2025. Sjekk datoverdier i |dato= (hjelp)
Rahbari, Ladan (november 2016). «Women in Higher Education and Academia in Iran». Sociology and Anthropology. 11 (på engelsk). 4: 1003–1010. ISSN 2331-6179. doi:10.13189/sa.2016.041107. Besøkt 11. september 2025.
Alizadeh-Choobari, Omid; Najafi, M. S. (1. januar 2018). «Extreme weather events in Iran under a changing climate». Climate Dynamics. 1 (på engelsk). 50: 249–260. ISSN 1432-0894. doi:10.1007/s00382-017-3602-4. Besøkt 31. januar 2025.
Yazdandoost, Farhad (november 2016). «Dams, Drought and Water Shortage in Today’s Iran». Iranian Studies. 6 (på engelsk). 49: 1017–1028. ISSN 0021-0862. doi:10.1080/00210862.2016.1241626. Besøkt 11. august 2025.
Zanganeh Shahraki, Saeed; Sauri, David; Serra, Pere; Modugno, Sirio; Seifolddini, Faranak; Pourahmad, Ahmad (1. oktober 2011). «Urban sprawl pattern and land-use change detection in Yazd, Iran». Habitat International. 4. 35: 521–528. ISSN 0197-3975. doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2011.02.004. Besøkt 6. september 2025.
Esfahani, Hadi Salehi; Pesaran, M. Hashem (april 2009). «The Iranian Economy in the Twentieth Century: A Global Perspective». Iranian Studies. 2 (på engelsk). 42: 177–211. ISSN 0021-0862. doi:10.1080/00210860902764896. Besøkt 1. februar 2025.
Danaei, Goodarz; Farzadfar, Farshad; Kelishadi, Roya; Rashidian, Arash; Rouhani, Omid M.; Ahmadnia, Shirin; Ahmadvand, Alireza; Arabi, Mandana; Ardalan, Ali (11. mai 2019). «Iran in transition». The Lancet. 10184 (på English). 393: 1984–2005. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 31043324. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)33197-0. Besøkt 6. september 2025.
Esfahani, Hadi Salehi; Mohaddes, Kamiar; Pesaran, M. Hashem (1. august 2013). «Oil exports and the Iranian economy». The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance. 3. 53: 221–237. ISSN 1062-9769. doi:10.1016/j.qref.2012.07.001. Besøkt 1. februar 2025.
Ashraf, Ahmad (1. januar 2022). «The Crisis of National and Ethnic Identities in Contemporary Iran». Iranian Studies. 1-2 (på engelsk). 26: 159–164. ISSN 0021-0862. doi:10.1080/00210869308701795. Besøkt 31. januar 2025.
Vaghefi, Saeid Ashraf; Keykhai, Malihe; Jahanbakhshi, Farshid; Sheikholeslami, Jaleh; Ahmadi, Azadeh; Yang, Hong; Abbaspour, Karim C. (6. februar 2019). «The future of extreme climate in Iran». Scientific Reports. 1 (på engelsk). 9: 1464. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6365571 . PMID 30728418. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-38071-8. Besøkt 31. januar 2025. CS1-vedlikehold: PMC-format (link)
Madani, Kaveh (1. desember 2014). «Water management in Iran: what is causing the looming crisis?». Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences. 4 (på engelsk). 4: 315–328. ISSN 2190-6491. doi:10.1007/s13412-014-0182-z. Besøkt 11. august 2025.
Karimiparidari, Sepideh; Zaré, Mehdi; Memarian, Hossein; Kijko, Andrzej (1. juli 2013). «Iranian earthquakes, a uniform catalog with moment magnitudes». Journal of Seismology. 3 (på engelsk). 17: 897–911. ISSN 1573-157X. doi:10.1007/s10950-013-9360-9. Besøkt 31. januar 2025.
Abbaspour, Razieh; Mousavi, Seyed Morteza; Rashidi, Ahmad; Khatib, Mohammad Mahdi; Derakhshani, Reza (1. april 2024). «Regional tectonic dynamics in Central Iran: Unveiling the interplay of fault systems through morphotectonic and seismological analyses in the Shotori mountains». Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 264: 106047. ISSN 1367-9120. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2024.106047. Besøkt 31. januar 2025.
Ramazi, Hamidreza; Jigheh, Hossein Soltani (15. september 2006). «The Bam (Iran) Earthquake of December 26, 2003: From an engineering and seismological point of view». Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 5 (på engelsk). 27: 576–584. ISSN 1367-9120. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2005.05.009. Besøkt 25. juni 2020. «On December 26, 2003 a large earthquake of magnitude 6.7 (Ms) shook the Bam district located in southeastern Iran. About 80% of buildings totally collapsed. Several dozen villages were destroyed and tens of them were severely damaged. More than 45,000 people were killed, and 30,000 were injured.»
Najafi, Mohammad Saeed; Alizadeh, Omid (2023). «Climate zones in Iran». Meteorological Applications. 5 (på engelsk). 30: e2147. ISSN 1469-8080. doi:10.1002/met.2147. Besøkt 31. januar 2025.
Karimi, Vahid; Karami, Ezatollah; Keshavarz, Marzieh (1. januar 2018). «Climate change and agriculture: Impacts and adaptive responses in Iran». Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 1. 17: 1–15. ISSN 2095-3119. doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61794-5. Besøkt 31. januar 2025.
Soltani, M.; Laux, P.; Kunstmann, H.; Stan, K.; Sohrabi, M. M.; Molanejad, M.; Sabziparvar, A. A.; Ranjbar SaadatAbadi, A.; Ranjbar, F. (1. november 2016). «Assessment of climate variations in temperature and precipitation extreme events over Iran». Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 3 (på engelsk). 126: 775–795. ISSN 1434-4483. doi:10.1007/s00704-015-1609-5. Besøkt 31. januar 2025.
Sharafati, Ahmad; Nabaei, Sina; Shahid, Shamsuddin (2020). «Spatial assessment of meteorological drought features over different climate regions in Iran». International Journal of Climatology. 3 (på engelsk). 40: 1864–1884. ISSN 1097-0088. doi:10.1002/joc.6307. Besøkt 31. januar 2025.
McKie, Robin; editor, science (8. mars 2015). «Why fresh water shortages will cause the next great global crisis». The Observer (på engelsk). ISSN 0029-7712. Besøkt 22. juni 2020.
Madih, 'Abbas-'Ali (2007). «The Kurds of Khorasan». Iran & the Caucasus. 1. 11: 11–31. ISSN 1609-8498. Besøkt 20. april 2022.
Aghajanian, Akbar (1983). «Ethnic Inequality in Iran: An Overview». International Journal of Middle East Studies. 2. 15: 211–224. ISSN 0020-7438. Besøkt 28. juni 2020.
Shaffer, Brenda (2000). «The Formation of Azerbaijani Collective Identity in Iran». Nationalities Papers. 3 (på engelsk). 28: 449–477. ISSN 0090-5992. doi:10.1080/713687484. Besøkt 29. juni 2020. «Iran is a multi-ethnic society in which approximately 50% of its citizens are of non-Persian origin, yet researchers commonly use the terms Persians and Iranians interchangeably, neglecting the supra-ethnic meaning of the term Iranian for many of the non-Persians in Iran. The largest minority ethnic group in Iran is the Azerbaijanis (comprising approximately a third of the population) and other major groups include the Kurds, Arabs, Baluchis and Turkmen. Iran's ethnic groups are particularly susceptible to external manipulation and considerably subject to influence from events taking place outside its borders, since most of the non-Persians are concentrated in the frontier areas and have ties to co-ethnics in adjoining states, such as Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Pakistan and Iraq.»
Jaffer Sheyholislami (13. september 2012). «Kurdish in Iran: A case of restricted and controlled tolerance». International Journal of the Sociology of Language. 217 (på engelsk). 2012: 19–47. ISSN 1613-3668. doi:10.1515/ijsl-2012-0048. Besøkt 1. februar 2025.
Farjadian, Shirin; Ota, Massao; Inoko, Hidetoshi; Ghaderi, Abbas (2. november 2008). «The genetic relationship among Iranian ethnic groups: an anthropological view based on HLA class II gene polymorphism». Molecular Biology Reports. 7 (på engelsk). 36: 1943. ISSN 1573-4978. doi:10.1007/s11033-008-9403-4. Besøkt 28. juni 2020. «Highly polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes are considered as useful markers by molecular anthropologists to determine genetic relationship among populations. This review summarizes the results of molecular analyses of HLA class II gene polymorphism in 816 DNA samples from 11 Iranian ethnic groups. The genetic relationship of Iranians to Asians and Europeans has also been reported here. The results of this study revealed a close genetic relationship among Iranian subpopulations which were well separated from other Asian and European populations, however, a genetic similarity was observed among Iranians, Macedonians, Greeks, and Italians.»
Amanolahi, Sekandar (2005). «A Note on Ethnicity and Ethnic Groups in Iran». Iran & the Caucasus. 1. 9: 37–41. ISSN 1609-8498. Besøkt 31. januar 2025.
Akbarzadeh, Shahram; Ahmed, Zahid Shahab; Laoutides, Costas; Gourlay, William (3. juni 2019). «The Kurds in Iran: balancing national and ethnic identity in a securitised environment». Third World Quarterly. 6. 40: 1145–1162. ISSN 0143-6597. doi:10.1080/01436597.2019.1592671. Besøkt 1. februar 2025.
Floor, Willem; Javadi, Hasan (1. juli 2013). «The Role of Azerbaijani Turkish in Safavid Iran». Iranian Studies. 4. 46: 569–581. ISSN 0021-0862. doi:10.1080/00210862.2013.784516. Besøkt 29. juni 2020. «Turkic languages and dialects played a much more important role in Safavid Iran than is generally thought, while Azerbaijani Turkish in particular was widely spoken and written in Safavid Iran. It was not only the language of the court and the army, but it was also used in poetry, even by renowned poets who usually wrote in Persian. The Safavid shahs, many of whom wrote poetry in Turkish themselves, promoted its literary use. Also, Turkish was used in the court's official correspondence, for both internal and external affairs.»
Entessar, Nader (1984). «The Kurds in Post-Revolutionary Iran and Iraq». Third World Quarterly. 4. 6: 911–933. ISSN 0143-6597. Besøkt 1. februar 2025.
Poulsen, L.; Farzad, M. Sharafi; Børsting, C.; Tomas, C.; Pereira, V.; Morling, N. (2015). «Population and forensic data for three sets of forensic genetic markers in four ethnic groups from Iran: Persians, Lurs, Kurds and Azeris». Forensic Science International: Genetics. 17: 43–46. ISSN 1872-4973. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.03.010. Besøkt 28. juni 2020.
Fischel, Walter J. (1950). «The Jews of Persia, 1795-1940». Jewish Social Studies. 2. 12: 119–160. ISSN 0021-6704. Besøkt 2. november 2024.
Bozorgmehr, Mehdi (1. september 1997). «Internal Ethnicity: Iranians in Los Angeles». Sociological Perspectives. 3 (på engelsk). 40: 387–408. ISSN 0731-1214. doi:10.2307/1389449. Besøkt 31. januar 2025.
Shahvar, Soli (mars 2009). «The Islamic Regime in Iran and Its Attitude towards the Jews: The Religious and Political Dimensions». Immigrants & Minorities. 1 (på engelsk). 27: 82–117. ISSN 0261-9288. doi:10.1080/02619280902895835. Besøkt 10. november 2024.
Neusner, Jacob (1975). «How Much Iranian in Jewish Babylonia?». Journal of the American Oriental Society. 2. 95: 184–190. ISSN 0003-0279. doi:10.2307/600315. Besøkt 10. november 2024.
Mokari, Payam Ghaffarvand; Werner, Stefan (2017). «Azerbaijani». Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 2 (på engelsk). 47: 207–212. ISSN 0025-1003. doi:10.1017/S0025100317000184. Besøkt 29. juni 2020. «The Azerbaijani, Azerbaijanian or Azeri language belongs to the western group of the southwestern, or Oghuz, branch of the Turkic language family and is mainly spoken in Azerbaijan and Iran. Azerbaijani is the official language of the Republic of Azerbaijan and over 80% of its population use it as their first language (Johanson 2010). Among non-Persian languages in Iran, Azerbaijani, with approximately 15–20 million native speakers, has the largest number of speakers (Crystal 2010). In total, more than 50 million people speak Azerbaijani (Khalilzadeh 2013).»
Madanipour, Ali (1. februar 1999). «City profile: Tehran». Cities. 1 (på engelsk). 16: 57–65. ISSN 0264-2751. doi:10.1016/S0264-2751(98)00045-6. Besøkt 14. juni 2020.
Esfahani, Hadi Salehi; Pesaran, M. Hashem (april 2009). «The Iranian Economy in the Twentieth Century: A Global Perspective». Iranian Studies. 2 (på engelsk). 42: 177–211. ISSN 0021-0862. doi:10.1080/00210860902764896. Besøkt 1. februar 2025.
Kian, Azadeh (1. mai 1997). «Women and politics in post‐islamist Iran: the gender conscious drive to change». British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 1. 24: 75–96. ISSN 1353-0194. doi:10.1080/13530199708705639. Besøkt 29. september 2025.
Shammas, P. (1. april 2001). «Iran: Review of Petroleum Developments and Assessments of the Oil and Gas Fields». Energy Exploration & Exploitation. 2-3 (på engelsk). 19: 207–260. ISSN 0144-5987. doi:10.1260/0144598011492552. Besøkt 29. august 2025.
«The Price of Faithlessness: Iran to Punish Apostasy with Death». Der Spiegel (på engelsk). 28. februar 2008. ISSN 2195-1349. Besøkt 27. september 2025.
Abisaab, Rula Jurdi (1. januar 1994). «The Ulama of Jabal ‘Amil in Safavid Iran, 1501–1736: marginality, migration and social change». Iranian Studies. 1-4. 27: 103–122. ISSN 0021-0862. doi:10.1080/00210869408701822. Besøkt 29. juni 2020.
Madanipour, Ali (1. desember 2006). «Urban planning and development in Tehran». Cities. 6 (på engelsk). 23: 433–438. ISSN 0264-2751. doi:10.1016/j.cities.2006.08.002. Besøkt 14. juni 2020.
Kashani-Sabet, Firoozeh (1. oktober 1998). «Picturing the homeland: geography and national identity in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Iran». Journal of Historical Geography. 4 (på engelsk). 24: 413–430. ISSN 0305-7488. doi:10.1006/jhge.1998.0099. Besøkt 23. juni 2020. «The Treaty of Turkmanchay,signed in that year following Russo-Persian wars, transferred Persian provinces in theCaucasus to Russia, marking the closing of Iran’s north-western frontier.[4]This was tonettle Iranian patriots for years to come. The Treaty of Turkmanchay seemed tounderline the territorial vulnerability of the country and the relative weaknesses of theyoung Qajar state. To make matters worse, Qajar kings embarked on two abortivemilitary campaigns to Herat in 1837 and again in 1856, which ended with the collapseof Persian control over the city as well as over outlying Afghan lands.»
Clawson, Patrick (1993). «Knitting Iran Together: The Land Transport Revolution, 1920-1940». Iranian Studies. 3/4. 26: 235–250. ISSN 0021-0862. Besøkt 23. juni 2020.
Hess, Gary R. (1974). «The Iranian Crisis of 1945-46 and the Cold War». Political Science Quarterly. 1. 89: 117–146. ISSN 0032-3195. doi:10.2307/2148118. Besøkt 14. juni 2020.
Roberts, Geoffrey (1. oktober 2007). «Stalin at the Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdam Conferences». Journal of Cold War Studies. 4. 9: 6–40. ISSN 1520-3972. doi:10.1162/jcws.2007.9.4.6. Besøkt 14. juni 2020.
Dehghan, Saeed Kamali; Norton-Taylor, Richard (19. august 2013). «CIA admits role in 1953 Iranian coup». The Guardian (på engelsk). ISSN 0261-3077. Besøkt 23. juni 2020. «The CIA has publicly admitted for the first time that it was behind the notorious 1953 coup against Iran's democratically elected prime minister Mohammad Mosaddeq, in documents that also show how the British government tried to block the release of information about its own involvement in his overthrow.»
Tweedie, Neil (14. august 2001). «Public Record Office: Shah's party was too tacky for the Queen» (på engelsk). ISSN 0307-1235. Besøkt 30. juni 2020.
Charlotte Curtis, Special to The New York Times (13. oktober 1971). «First Party of Iran's 2,500‐Year Celebration». The New York Times (på engelsk). ISSN 0362-4331. Besøkt 26. juni 2020.
Issawi, Charles (1. desember 1978). «The 1973 Oil Crisis and After». Journal of Post Keynesian Economics. 2. 1: 3–26. ISSN 0160-3477. doi:10.1080/01603477.1978.11489099. Besøkt 24. juni 2020.
Keddie, Nikki R. (2000). «Women in Iran Since 1979». Social Research. 2. 67: 405–438. ISSN 0037-783X. Besøkt 3. oktober 2025.
Worth, Robert F.; Fathi, Nazila (13. juni 2009). «Protests Flare in Tehran as Opposition Disputes Vote». The New York Times (på engelsk). ISSN 0362-4331. Besøkt 29. juni 2020.
Christou, William; Parent, Deepa (10. januar 2026). «New protests erupt in Iran as supreme leader signals upcoming crackdown». The Guardian (på engelsk). ISSN 0261-3077. Besøkt 11. januar 2026.
«How Iran can respond to the killing of Qassem Suleimani, How Iran can respond to the killing of Qassem Suleimani». The Economist. 9. januar 2020. ISSN 0013-0613. Besøkt 12. januar 2020. «According to Mike Pompeo, America’s secretary of state, President Donald Trump ordered the killing because the general was organising a plot which posed an imminent threat to American citizens. Compelling evidence for this has not been forthcoming; but a secondary justification—that among the tens of thousands of people killed by General Suleimani’s forces were at least 600 Americans—has also been widely used and appears to satisfy many Americans.»
Simonsen, Kjersti (2019). «Å gjøre det tradisjonelle utradisjonelt». Norsk antropologisk tidsskrift. 02 (på norsk). 30: 151–164. ISSN 1504-2898. doi:10.18261/issn.1504-2898-2019-02-05. Besøkt 28. juni 2020.
France-Presse, Agence (29. november 2023). «Iran execution of child condemned by UN human rights office». The Guardian (på engelsk). ISSN 0261-3077. Besøkt 27. september 2025.
Esfahani, Hadi Salehi; Pesaran, M. Hashem (2009). «The Iranian Economy in the Twentieth Century: A Global Perspective». Iranian Studies (på engelsk). 42 (2): 177–211. ISSN 0021-0862. doi:10.1080/00210860902764896. Besøkt 8. september 2025.
Cronin, Stephanie (23. november 2022). «Iran in Motion; Mobility, Space, and the Trans-Iranian Railway, by Mikiya Koyagi». The English Historical Review. 589. 137: 1871–1873. ISSN 0013-8266. doi:10.1093/ehr/ceac245. Besøkt 30. september 2023.
Lemańczyk, Szczepan (mars 2013). «The Transiranian Railway – History, Context and Consequences». Middle Eastern Studies. 2 (på engelsk). 49: 237–245. ISSN 0026-3206. doi:10.1080/00263206.2012.759102. Besøkt 16. november 2025.
Lemańczyk, Szczepan (mars 2013). «The Transiranian Railway – History, Context and Consequences». Middle Eastern Studies. 2 (på engelsk). 49: 237–245. ISSN 0026-3206. doi:10.1080/00263206.2012.759102. Besøkt 16. november 2025.
Associated Press (28. mai 2020). «Romina Ashrafi: outcry in Iran over so-called 'honour killing' of 14-year-old girl». The Guardian (på engelsk). ISSN 0261-3077. Besøkt 28. mai 2020.
Fereidouni, Somayeh; Mehran, Golmar; Mansourian, Yasdan (2015). «Female Empowerment in Iran: The Voice of Iranian University Students». Higher Education Quarterly. 4 (på engelsk). 69: 366–385. ISSN 1468-2273. doi:10.1111/hequ.12079. Besøkt 11. september 2025.
Kian, Azadeh (1. mai 1997). «Women and politics in post‐islamist Iran: the gender conscious drive to change». British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 1. 24: 75–96. ISSN 1353-0194. doi:10.1080/13530199708705639. Besøkt 29. september 2025.
Alaedini, Pooya; Razavi, Mohamad Reza (1. mars 2005). «Women's Participation and Employment in Iran: A Critical Examination». Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies. 1. 14: 57–73. ISSN 1066-9922. doi:10.1080/10669920500057062. Besøkt 1. oktober 2025.
Javadian, Golshan; Y. Addae, Isaac (4. november 2013). «The impact of bureaucracies and occupational segregation on participation of Iranian women in the workforce». Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal. 7 (på engelsk). 32: 654–670. ISSN 2040-7149. doi:10.1108/EDI-08-2012-0067. Besøkt 1. oktober 2025.
Majbouri, Mahdi (1. oktober 2016). «Against the Wind: Labor Force Participation of Women and Economic Instability in Iran». Feminist Economics. 4. 22: 31–53. ISSN 1354-5701. doi:10.1080/13545701.2016.1150597. Besøkt 1. oktober 2025.
Hajebi, Amirali; Nasserinejad, Maryam; Rezaei, Negar; Azadnajafabad, Sina; Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi; Ahmadi, Naser; Ghasemi, Erfan; Farzi, Yosef; Yoosefi, Moein (22. juli 2024). «Alcohol consumption among Iranian population based on the findings of STEPS survey 2021». Scientific Reports. 1 (på engelsk). 14: 16819. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 11263364 . PMID 39039151. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-66257-w. Besøkt 1. oktober 2025.
Rayman, Noah (18. oktober 2013). «The 10 Most Polluted Cities in the World». Time (på engelsk). ISSN 0040-781X. Besøkt 24. juni 2020.
Erdbrink, Thomas (30. januar 2014). «Its Great Lake Shriveled, Iran Confronts Crisis of Water Supply». The New York Times (på engelsk). ISSN 0362-4331. Besøkt 24. juni 2020.

worldpoliticsreview.com (Global: low place; Norwegian: low place)

«Iran-Turkmenistan Railway Could Shift Balance of Power in Central Asia». www.worldpoliticsreview.com. Besøkt 24. juni 2020.

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«Total Population by Country 2025» (på engelsk). Besøkt 11. juli 2025.

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telegraph.co.uk (Global: 30^th place; Norwegian: 94^th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 12^th place; Norwegian: 35^th place)

thelancet.com (Global: 2,393^rd place; Norwegian: 1,534^th place)

time.com (Global: 61^st place; Norwegian: 150^th place)

uchicago.edu (Global: 230^th place; Norwegian: 288^th place)

un.org (Global: 97^th place; Norwegian: 110^th place)

unesco.org (Global: 104^th place; Norwegian: 101^st place)

vg.no (Global: 1,177^th place; Norwegian: 4^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Norwegian: 1^st place)

wiley.com (Global: 222^nd place; Norwegian: 262^nd place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; Norwegian: 13^th place)

worldpopulationreview.com (Global: 2,444^th place; Norwegian: 739^th place)