Karl den store (Norwegian Wikipedia)

Ohnsorge, Werner (1947): Das Zweikaiserproblem im früheren Mittelalter. Die Bedeutung des byzantinischen Reiches für die Entwicklung der Staatsidee in Europa, Hildesheim, August Lax Verlagsbuchhandlung, s. 15–31. Oversatt i Sullivan, Richard E. (1959): The Coronation of Charlemagne, D. C. Heath and Company, Boston, Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 59-14499". Clc-library-org-docs.angelfire.com

bard.org

Henley, Lawrence : «Pippin: Historically Speaking», Utah Shaekspeare Festival

bnr.bg

«Khan Krum – victorious ruler and lawmaker», BNR 17. april 2014

books.google.com

Bradbury, Jim (2004): The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-134-59847-2, s. 19–.
Matheson, Lister M. (2012): Icons of the Middle Ages: Rulers, Writers, Rebels, and Saints, ABC-CLIO, ISBN 978-0-313-34080-2, s. 145–.
Barbero, Alessandro (10. september 2004): Charlemagne: Father of a Continent, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-23943-2, s. 12–.
Northen Magill, Frank; Aves, Alison (1998): Dictionary of World Biography: The Middle Ages, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-57958-041-4, s. 226–.
Collins, Roger (1998): Charlemagne, University of Toronto Press, ISBN 978-0-8020-8218-3, s. 32–.
Matheson, Lister M. (2012): Icons of the Middle Ages: Rulers, Writers, Rebels, and Saints. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-34080-2, s. 152–.
Fichtenau, Heinrich (1957): The Carolingian Empire. University of Toronto Press, ISBN 978-0-8020-6367-0, s. 39–.
Lewis, David Levering (2009): God's Crucible: Islam and the Making of Europe, 570–1215, W.W. Norton, ISBN 978-0-393-33356-5, s. 177
Freeman, Edward Augustus (1904): Western Europe in the Eighth Century & Onward: An Aftermath, Macmillan and Company, s. 74.
Kohn, George C. (2006): Dictionary of Wars, Infobase Publishing, ISBN 978-1-4381-2916-7, s. 125–
Gelfand, Dale Evva (2003): Charlemagne. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9781438117850, s. 45, 76
Butt, John J. (2002): Daily Life in the Age of Charlemagne, Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313316685, s. 62, 135
Heck, Gene W. (2007): When Worlds Collide: Exploring the Ideological and Political Foundations of the Clash of Civilizations. Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 978-0-7425-5856-4, s. 172–
Goldberg, Eric Joseph (2006): Struggle for Empire: Kingship and Conflict Under Louis the German, 817–876, Cornell University Press, ISBN 0-8014-3890-X, s. 48–.
Collins, Roger (1998): Charlemagne, University of Toronto Press, ISBN 978-0-8020-8218-3, s. 87–
Bachrach, Bernard S.; Clifford J. Rogers; Kelly DeVries (November 2002): Journal of Medieval Military History, Boydell Press. ISBN 978-0-85115-909-6.
Sinor, Denis (1990): The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-24304-9, s. 219.
Fine, John Van Antwerp (1991): The early medieval Balkans: a critical survey from the sixth to the late twelfth century, University of Michigan Press, ISBN 978-0-472-08149-3, s. 78.
Klaić, Vjekoslav (1988): Povijest Hrvata: od najstarijih vremena do svršetka XIX stoljeća. Treće doba: vladanje kraljeva iz raznih porodica (1301–1526). Knj. 2, Zagreb: Nakladni zavod Matice Hrvatske, ISBN 978-86-401-0051-9, s. 63–64
Godman, Peter (1985): Poetry of the Carolingian Renaissance, Duckworth, ISBN 978-0-7156-1768-7, s. 206–211.
Chamberlin, Russell (1986): The Emperor, Charlemagne, F. Watts, ISBN 978-0-531-15004-7, s. 222–224.
Bowlus, Charles R. (2006): The Battle of Lechfeld and Its Aftermath, August 955: The End of the Age of Migrations in the Latin West, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., ISBN 978-0-7546-5470-4, s. 49–.
Hooper, Nicholas; Bennett, Matthew (1996): The Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare: The Middle Ages, 768–1487, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-44049-3, s. 12–.
Van Herwaarden, J. (1. januar 2003): Between Saint James and Erasmus: Studies in Late-Medieval Religious Life : Devotions and Pilgrimages in the Netherlands, BRILL, ISBN 90-04-12984-7, s. 475.
Martyrologium Romanum, Ad Formam Editionis Typicae Scholiis Historicis Instructum. 1940. s. 685.
Hoche, Dominique T (2012): «Charlemagne» i: Matheson, Lister M.: Icons of the Middle Ages: Rulers, Writers, Rebels, and Saints. Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood, ISBN 978-0-313-34080-2, s. 143–174, særskilt 172
Durand-Le Guern, Isabelle; Ribémont, Bernard (2009): Charlemagne: empereur et mythe d'Occident, Klincksieck. ISBN 978-2-252-03736-2.

britannica.com

«Charlemagne», Britannica.com

bu.edu

people.bu.edu

Einhard; Turner, Samuel Epes, overs. (1880): The Life of Charlemagne Arkivert 25. mars 2018 hos Wayback Machine. (utdrag), New York: Harper & Brothers (full tekst)

ccel.org

Harnack, Adolf (1. juni 2005): «History of Dogma, The Controversy regarding the Filioque and Pictures», Ccel.org

challies.com

Theophanes (1982): Chronicle, s. 146-147; Challies, Tim (2. februar 2014): «7 Councils: The Second Council of Nicaea», Challies

chronique.com

Durant, Will: "King Charlemagne", History of Civilization, Vol III, The Age of Faith. Online version in the Knighthood, Tournaments & Chivalry Resource Library, red. Brian R. Price. Arkivert fra originalen den 24. desember 2011 hos Wayback Machine.

danskmoent.dk

Galster, Georg: «Fremmed indflydelse på Danmarks møntvæsen i middelalderen», Dansk Mønt

denstoredanske.dk

Sawyer, Peter (2002–2005): «Frankerne griber ind», Gyldendals og Politikens Danmarkshistorie

designhistory.org

«The Roman Letterform is Revived by the Carolingians», Graphic Design History

doi.org

Bullough, Donald A. (Desember 2003): «Charlemagne's court library revisited», Early Medieval Europe. 12 (4), s. 339–363. doi:10.1111/j.0963-9462.2004.00141.x
Ruhli, F.J.; Blumich, B.; Henneberg, M. (2010): «Charlemagne was very tall, but not robust», Economics and Human Biology 8, s. 289–290. doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2009.12.005.

dw.com

Hellfeld, Matthias von: «Die Geburt zweier Staaten – Die Straßburger Eide vom 14. Februar 842», Deutsche Welle

economist.com

«Where do The Economist's unusual names come from?», The Economist.

erudit.org

Fabbro, Eduardo (2014): «Charlemagne and the Lombard Kingdom That Was: the Lombard Past in Post-Conquest Italian Historiography» i: Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 25(2), s. 1–26

etymonline.com

Søk etter konge i Bokmålsordboka og Nynorskordboka eller i Det Norske Akademis ordbok , «king (n.)», Online Etymology Dictionary

euregio-aachen.de

Euregio Aachen: Mein Karl, 18. oktober 2013. Arkivert fra originalen den 23. april 2014 hos Wayback Machine

fabpedigree.com

«Bernard (Bernhard) (Duke) of the Franks», Fabpedigree

forbes.com

Farrell, John (28. mai 2012): «Christopher Lee Celebrates 90th Birthday By Recording Heavy Metal», Forbes.

fordham.edu

sourcebooks.fordham.edu

Einhard; Turner, Samuel Epes, overs. (1880): The Life of Charlemagne Arkivert 25. mars 2018 hos Wayback Machine. (utdrag), New York: Harper & Brothers (full tekst)
Einhard: Life of Charlemagne, #24 Medieval Sourcebook
Einhard: Life of Charlemagne, #22 Medieval Sourcebook
Einhard: Life of Charlemagne, #23 Medieval Sourcebook
«Asnapium: An Inventory of One of Charlemagne's Estates, c. 800», Medieval Sourcebook

fordham.edu

Einhard; Halsall, Paul, red. (1998): The Wars of Charlemagne, c. 770–814 Arkivert 8. november 2014 hos Wayback Machine., Internet Medieval Sourcebook, Fordham University
Einhard (1880): The Life of Charlemagne Arkivert 14. mai 2008 hos Wayback Machine.. Overs. Samuel Epes Turner. Medieval Sourcebook
Turner, Samuel Epes (1880): Einhard: The Life of Charlemagne (Vita Karoli Magni) Arkivert 14. mai 2008 hos Wayback Machine., New York: Harper & Brothers.
Mediaeval Sourcebook: Capitulary for the Jews Arkivert 14. august 2014 hos Wayback Machine., avledet fra Migne, J.P., red. (1862): Patrologiae Cursus Completus, Paris, Vol. XCVII, s. 369-370.

funtrivia.com

www.funtrivia.com^{[Hentet fra Wikidata]}

google.no

books.google.no

Barbero, Alessandro (2004): Charlemagne: Father of a Continent, University of California Press, s. 210
Ramseyer, Valerie (2006): The Transformation of a Religious Landscape: Medieval Southern Italy, 850–1150, Cornell University Press, s. 20
Reilly, Bernard F. (1993): The Medieval Spains, Cambridge University Press, s. 78
Perry, Marvin (2013): Sources of the Western Tradition, 1, Cengage Learning, s. 210-211
Leyser, Karl (1982): Medieval German and Its Neighbours, 900-1250, A&C Black, s. 46
Butler, Alban; Hugh Farmer, David (1995): «St Paulinus of Aquileia, Bishop (c. 726–804)» i: Butler's Lives of the Saints: New Full Edition. Continuum International Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-86012-250-0, s. 74–75
Breverton, Terry (2012): Immortal Words: History's Most Memorable Quotations and the Stories Behind Them, Hachette UK
Henning, Joachim (2007): Post-Roman Towns, Trade and Settlement in Europe and Byzantium: The heirs of the Roman West, Walter de Gruyter, s. 50, note 24
Bhote, Tehmina (2005): Charlemagne: The Life and Times of an Early Medieval Emperor, The Rosen Publishing Group. ISBN 9781404201613, s. 37
Dunne, Michael; McEvoy, J.J. (2002): History and Eschatology in John Scottus Eriugena and His Time, Leuven University Press, s. 12
Fraley, Michael (1993): Arthur the Conqeror. Sitat: «To anyone familiar with the early Medieval Period of European history, Geoffrey's story begins to sound familiar here. It should. It seems to be based, in large part, on the historical adventures of Charlemagne, the Frankish King of the Ninth Century, who eventually became Emperor. Looking at Charlemagne's life and personality, it becomes clear that he and Geoffrey's Arthur are practically twins.»

history.com

«Charlemagne», History.com.

historyextra.com

Nievergelt, Marco : «Charlemagne: creating the myth», HistoryExtra

hsozkult.de

Esmyol, Andrea (2002): Geliebte oder Ehefrau? Konkubinen im frühen Mittelalter, Köln: Böhlau Verlag

iiu.edu.pk

irigs.iiu.edu.pk

El-Hajji, Abdurrahman A. (1967): Andalusian Diplomatic Relations with the Franks during the Umayyad Period Arkivert 1. april 2018 hos Wayback Machine. (PDF), Islamic Studies 6(1)

jesusneverexisted.com

«Miniscule – The 'Carolingian Renaissance' contribution to civilization». Arkivert fra originalen 26. februar 2018. Besøkt 31. mars 2018.

jewishencyclopedia.com

«Charlemagne», Jewish Encyclopedia

jewishfactsfromportland.blogspot.no

Goldfoot, Nadene (8. oktober 2012): «Jews Getting into Lithuania From Charlemagne's Invitation to Germany», Jewish Facts From Portland.

jewishhistory.org

«Ashkenazic Jewry in France», Jewishhistory.org

jstor.org

Bruce Ross, James (April 1945): «Two Neglected Paladins of Charlemagne: Erich of Friuli and Gerold of Bavaria» i: Speculum, 20 (2), Medieval Academy of America, JSTOR 2854596, s. 212–235.
Runciman, Steven (oktober 1935): Charlemagne and Palestine, The English Historical Review 50(200), Oxford University Press, s. 606-619

karlspreis.de

Papst Johannes Paul II (2004): «Ansprache von seiner Heiligkeit Papst Johannes Paul II», Internationaler Karlspreis zu Aachen. Arkivert fra originalen den 17. januar 2012.
«Die Proklamation von 1949», Karlsprisens internettside
«The International Charlemagne Prize of Aachen», Stiftung Internationaler Karlspreis zu Aachen

katolsk.no

«Den hellige pave Leo III ( - 816)», Katolsk.no

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

Tomac, Petar (1959): Vojna istorija, Beograd: Vojnoizdavački zavod JNA. LCCN 60039538. OCLC 21319446, s. 304

machimon.wordpress.com

Scheindlin, Raymond P. (1998): A Short History of the Jewish People, Oxford University Press. pp. 101–104.

mementomedievalia.com

«Charlemagne, King Arthur and Contested National Identity in English Romances» Arkivert 7. juni 2018 hos Wayback Machine., Memento Medievalia

mindspring.com

sbaldw.home.mindspring.com

Baldwin, Stewart (2007–2009): «Charlemagne» Arkivert 10. desember 2017 hos Wayback Machine., The Henry Project.

naob.no

Søk etter heterodoks i Bokmålsordboka og Nynorskordboka eller i Det Norske Akademis ordbok , Søk etter ortodoks i Bokmålsordboka og Nynorskordboka eller i Det Norske Akademis ordbok ]
Søk etter konge i Bokmålsordboka og Nynorskordboka eller i Det Norske Akademis ordbok , «king (n.)», Online Etymology Dictionary

newadvent.org

«Caroline Books (Libri Carolini)», Catholic Encyclopedia
Mann, Horace (1910): «Pope St. Leo III», The Catholic Encyclopedia, 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company
Shahan, Thomas; Macpherson, Ewan: "Charlemagne", The Catholic Encyclopedia. Sitat: «In some parts of the empire popular affection placed him among the saints. For political purposes and to please Frederick Barbarossa he was canonised (1165) by the antipope Paschal III, but this act was never ratified by insertion of his feast in the Roman Breviary or by the Universal Church; his cultus, however, was permitted at Aachen [Acta SS., 28 Jan., 3d ed., II, 490–93, 303–7, 769; his office is in Canisius, Antiq. Lect., III (2)]»

nkp.cz

aleph.nkp.cz

Tsjekkias nasjonale autoritetsdatabase, NKC-identifikator jo20000082682, besøkt 23. november 2019^{[Hentet fra Wikidata]}

nrla.com

Hamilton, Gregory W. (14. juni 2011): «Charlemagne and the Vision of a Christian Empire» Arkivert 1. april 2018 hos Wayback Machine., NRLA

ordbokene.no

Søk etter heterodoks i Bokmålsordboka og Nynorskordboka eller i Det Norske Akademis ordbok , Søk etter ortodoks i Bokmålsordboka og Nynorskordboka eller i Det Norske Akademis ordbok ]
Søk etter konge i Bokmålsordboka og Nynorskordboka eller i Det Norske Akademis ordbok , «king (n.)», Online Etymology Dictionary

over-blog.com

vrixhon.over-blog.com

Rixhon, Vincent : «Liège: La Statue Équestre De Charlemagne», Mon Blog Passions Bédé

quidplura.com

«Flying birds, excellent birds ...» Arkivert 4. oktober 2018 hos Wayback Machine., Quidplura.com. 5. august 2007.

route-gottfried-von-bouillon.de

Route Gottfried von Bouillon e.V. – deutsche Sektion Arkivert 2. juli 2017 hos Wayback Machine., Route-gottfried-von-bouillon.de

springer.com

link.springer.com

Latowsky, Anne (2008): «Charlemagne as Pilgrim? Requests for Relics in the Descriptio Qualiter and the Voyage of Charlemagne» i: Gabriele, Matthew; Stuckey, Jace, red.: The Legend of Charlemagne in the Middle Ages: Power, Faith, and Crusade, Springer

thefreelancehistorywriter.com

Abernethy, Susan (18. april 2014): «Offa, Anglo-Saxon King of Mercia», The Freelance History Writer

theguardian.com

Michaels, Sean (5. januar 2010): «Christopher Lee to release 'symphonic metal' album, The man who played Dracula and Saruman is to tell the story of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, through the universal language of metal», The Guardian.

thelatinlibrary.com

Denne framstillingen er fra Einhard, antatte (741–829): Annales Regni Francorum (Annales Laurissenses Maiores) , Medieval Latin. The Latin Library; framstilling for årene 745–755

treccani.it

Selv om hun er vanligvis referert til som Desiderata er det teoretisert at navnet er avledet fra en skrivefeil i en kopi fra 1800-tallet av Monumenta Germaniae Historica hvor en stor D i desideratam filiam (latin for «ønsket datter») og denne feilen ble sammensatt fra en språklig tilbakedannelse til Desideria, et mer sannsynlig navn (en hunkjønnsform av Desiderius, farens navn), eller oversatt (som til fransk, Désirée). På italiensk foretrekkes varianten Ermengarda, jf. Bertolini, Ottorini: «Ermengarda», Treccani.it.

usccb.org

«The Filioque: A Church-Dividing Issue?: An Agreed Statement of the North American Orthodox-Catholic Consultation», Usccb.org.

vision.org

Scheck, Al (29. juli 2011): «Obituary: Otto von Habsburg», Vision.org

wdr.de

www1.wdr.de

«Das Blutgericht von Karl dem Großen», WDR

web.archive.org

Papst Johannes Paul II (2004): «Ansprache von seiner Heiligkeit Papst Johannes Paul II», Internationaler Karlspreis zu Aachen. Arkivert fra originalen den 17. januar 2012.
Se også: «The Great Schism», Living the Orthodox Life, St. George Orthodox Cathedral
Baldwin, Stewart (2007–2009): «Charlemagne» Arkivert 10. desember 2017 hos Wayback Machine., The Henry Project.
Route Gottfried von Bouillon e.V. – deutsche Sektion Arkivert 2. juli 2017 hos Wayback Machine., Route-gottfried-von-bouillon.de
Einhard; Halsall, Paul, red. (1998): The Wars of Charlemagne, c. 770–814 Arkivert 8. november 2014 hos Wayback Machine., Internet Medieval Sourcebook, Fordham University
Einhard (1880): The Life of Charlemagne Arkivert 14. mai 2008 hos Wayback Machine.. Overs. Samuel Epes Turner. Medieval Sourcebook
El-Hajji, Abdurrahman A. (1967): Andalusian Diplomatic Relations with the Franks during the Umayyad Period Arkivert 1. april 2018 hos Wayback Machine. (PDF), Islamic Studies 6(1)
Einhard; Turner, Samuel Epes, overs. (1880): The Life of Charlemagne Arkivert 25. mars 2018 hos Wayback Machine. (utdrag), New York: Harper & Brothers (full tekst)
Susan Tomory, Susan: «The Avars» Arkivert 1. april 2018 hos Wayback Machine., Tomory Zsuzsa
Turner, Samuel Epes (1880): Einhard: The Life of Charlemagne (Vita Karoli Magni) Arkivert 14. mai 2008 hos Wayback Machine., New York: Harper & Brothers.
«Danevirke», Grænseforeningen
Mediaeval Sourcebook: Capitulary for the Jews Arkivert 14. august 2014 hos Wayback Machine., avledet fra Migne, J.P., red. (1862): Patrologiae Cursus Completus, Paris, Vol. XCVII, s. 369-370.
«Early Dark Ages III (755 - 840)» Arkivert 3. november 2013 hos Wayback Machine., Worldology 25 April 2013. Sitat: «Charlemagne created a peaceful environment for Jews in his kingdom. Charlemagne fostered a system where the Christian majority could procure credit through Jewish constituents. Christians were forbidden to loan money at an interest rate, a restriction not shared by the Jews».
Hamilton, Gregory W. (14. juni 2011): «Charlemagne and the Vision of a Christian Empire» Arkivert 1. april 2018 hos Wayback Machine., NRLA
«Miniscule – The 'Carolingian Renaissance' contribution to civilization». Arkivert fra originalen 26. februar 2018. Besøkt 31. mars 2018.
Durant, Will: "King Charlemagne", History of Civilization, Vol III, The Age of Faith. Online version in the Knighthood, Tournaments & Chivalry Resource Library, red. Brian R. Price. Arkivert fra originalen den 24. desember 2011 hos Wayback Machine.
«Charlemagne, King Arthur and Contested National Identity in English Romances» Arkivert 7. juni 2018 hos Wayback Machine., Memento Medievalia
«Flying birds, excellent birds ...» Arkivert 4. oktober 2018 hos Wayback Machine., Quidplura.com. 5. august 2007.
Euregio Aachen: Mein Karl, 18. oktober 2013. Arkivert fra originalen den 23. april 2014 hos Wayback Machine

weebly.com

tomoryzsuzsa.weebly.com

Susan Tomory, Susan: «The Avars» Arkivert 1. april 2018 hos Wayback Machine., Tomory Zsuzsa

wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org

The Peerage person ID p10107.htm#i101064, besøkt 7. august 2020^{[Hentet fra Wikidata]}

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

Pfister, Christian (1911): «Hunald, Duke of Aquitaine» i: Encyclopædia Britannica. 13 (11. utg.), Cambridge University Press, s. 892.
Chisholm, Hugh, red. (1911): «Missi Dominici», Encyclopædia Britannica, 18 (11. utg.), Cambridge University Press, s. 583.

wiley.com

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Bullough, Donald A. (Desember 2003): «Charlemagne's court library revisited», Early Medieval Europe. 12 (4), s. 339–363. doi:10.1111/j.0963-9462.2004.00141.x

worldcat.org

Tomac, Petar (1959): Vojna istorija, Beograd: Vojnoizdavački zavod JNA. LCCN 60039538. OCLC 21319446, s. 304

worldology.com

«Early Dark Ages III (755 - 840)» Arkivert 3. november 2013 hos Wayback Machine., Worldology 25 April 2013. Sitat: «Charlemagne created a peaceful environment for Jews in his kingdom. Charlemagne fostered a system where the Christian majority could procure credit through Jewish constituents. Christians were forbidden to loan money at an interest rate, a restriction not shared by the Jews».

wyrtig.com

«Charlemagne's estate at Asnapium, in 8th Century France», Wyrtig