Gerry Mackie (1996). «Ending Footbinding and Infibulation: A Convention Account»(PDF). American Sociological Review. s. 1008. Arkivert fra originalen(PDF) 20. juli 2019. Besøkt 26. august 2016. «FGM is pre-Islamic but was exaggerated by its intersection with the Islamic modesty code of family honor, female purity, virginity, chastity, fidelity, and seclusion.»
Gerry Mackie (1996). «Ending Footbinding and Infibulation: A Convention Account»(PDF). American Sociological Review. s. 1004-1005. Arkivert fra originalen(PDF) 20. juli 2019. Besøkt 26. august 2016. «The Koran is silent on FGM, but several hadith (sayings attributed to Mohammed) recommend attenuating the practice for the woman's sake, praise it as noble but not commanded, or advise that female converts refrain from mutilation because even if pleasing to the husband it is painful to the wife.»
Gerry Mackie (1996). «Ending Footbinding and Infibulation: A Convention Account»(PDF). American Sociological Review. s. 1008. Arkivert fra originalen(PDF) 20. juli 2019. Besøkt 26. august 2016. «FGM is pre-Islamic but was exaggerated by its intersection with the Islamic modesty code of family honor, female purity, virginity, chastity, fidelity, and seclusion.»
Gerry Mackie (1996). «Ending Footbinding and Infibulation: A Convention Account»(PDF). American Sociological Review. s. 1004-1005. Arkivert fra originalen(PDF) 20. juli 2019. Besøkt 26. august 2016. «The Koran is silent on FGM, but several hadith (sayings attributed to Mohammed) recommend attenuating the practice for the woman's sake, praise it as noble but not commanded, or advise that female converts refrain from mutilation because even if pleasing to the husband it is painful to the wife.»