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jstor.org
Lehmann, W. P. (januar–mars 1961). «A Definition of Proto-Germanic: A Study in the Chronological Delimitation of Languages». Language. 37 (1): 67–74. JSTOR411250. doi:10.2307/411250.CS1-vedlikehold: Datoformat (link)
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rice.edu
cs.rice.edu
Nakhleh Luay; Ringe, Don; Warnow, Tandy (juni 2005). «Perfect Phylogenetic Networks: A New Methodology for Reconstructing the Evolutionary History of Natural Languages.»(PDF). Language - Journal of the Linguistic Society of America. 81 (2): 382–420. doi:10.1353/lan.2005.0078. «The Germanic subfamily especially seemed to exhibit non-treelike behavior, evidently acquiring some of its characteristics from its neighbors rather than (only) from its direct ancestors. [...] [T]he internal diversification of West Germanic is known to have been radically non-treelike [...].»