Życie (Polish Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Życie" in Polish language version.

refsWebsite

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20google.pl

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557^th place

15berkeley.edu

580^th place

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14doi.org

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9worldcat.org

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9archive.is

87^th place

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9nih.gov

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6web.archive.org

1^st place

5webcitation.org

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4nytimes.com

7^th place

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4pnas.org

1,293^rd place

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3springer.com

274^th place

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3osf.io

7,153^rd place

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3britannica.com

40^th place

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3palaeos.com

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2elsevier.com

610^th place

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2usgs.gov

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2nature.com

234^th place

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2excite.com

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7,308^th place

2astro-ecology.com

low place

2arizona.edu

1,592^nd place

2,683^rd place

2biocab.org

low place

2etsu.edu

low place

2enchantedlearning.com

low place

2nasa.gov

75^th place

83^rd place

2livescience.com

1,190^th place

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2pwn.pl

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2liebertpub.com

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1springeropen.com

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1bc.edu

4,784^th place

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1sciencemag.org

857^th place

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1newscientist.com

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1reuters.com

49^th place

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1usra.edu

2,838^th place

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1jbsdonline.com

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1nbcnews.com

137^th place

466^th place

1cambridge.org

305^th place

506^th place

1intechopen.com

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5,431^st place

1stratigraphy.org

2,562^nd place

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1geocraft.com

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1books.google.com

3^rd place

27^th place

1about.com

216^th place

306^th place

1archive.ph

756^th place

32^nd place

1abc.net.au

139^th place

507^th place

1universetoday.com

3,691^st place

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1nationalgeographic.com

344^th place

543^rd place

1ornl.gov

5,534^th place

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1iucn.org

3,100^th place

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1jameslovelock.org

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1mollyyoungbrown.com

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1calresco.org

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1lyellcollection.org

6,584^th place

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1sciencedaily.com

993^rd place

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1wsj.com

79^th place

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1ihmc.us

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1uni-karlsruhe.de

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1nobelprize.org

301^st place

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1sciencedirect.com

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1wiley.com

222^nd place

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1ucsc.edu

3,619^th place

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1arxiv.org

69^th place

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1deathreference.com

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1sdnhm.org

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1washingtonpost.com

34^th place

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1reference.com

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1bnf.fr

124^th place

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1ncahf.org

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1plos.org

2,112^th place

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1biologydirect.com

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1uct.ac.za

9,159^th place

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abc.net.au (Global: 139^th place; Polish: 507^th place)

Walking with Dinosaurs – Fact File: Koolasuchus [online], abc.net.au [dostęp 2015-12-13] [zarchiwizowane z adresu 2012-12-31] .

about.com (Global: 216^th place; Polish: 306^th place)

dinosaurs.about.com

Titanosaurs – The Last of the Sauropods [online], About.com Education [dostęp 2015-12-13] .

archive.is (Global: 87^th place; Polish: 5^th place)

David Tenenbaum (14 October 2002): When Did Life on Earth Begin? Ask a Rock. Astrobiology Magazine. [dostęp 2015-07-01]. (ang.).
Leslie Mullen (19 czerwca 2002). „Defining Life”.Origin & Evolution of Life. Astrobiology.
Claus Emmeche: Defining Life, Explaining Emergence.. Niels Bohr Institute. [dostęp 2015-07-18].
Can We Define Life.. Colorado Arts & Sciences. [dostęp 2015-07-18]. (ang.).
Pliocene quick guide [online], esd.ornl.gov [dostęp 2016-01-05] [zarchiwizowane z adresu 2012-05-26] .
IUCN – Extinction crisis continues apace [online], iucn.org [dostęp 2016-01-05] [zarchiwizowane z adresu 2013-01-13] .
Emily Baldwin: Lichen survives harsh Mars environment.. Skymania News. [dostęp 2015-08-02]. (ang.).
What is an extinction?. Bristol University. [dostęp 2015-10-13]. (ang.).
Gustavo Caetano-Anollés: Giant Viruses Shake Up Tree of LIfe.. Astrobiology Magazine. [dostęp 2015-07-21]. (ang.).

archive.ph (Global: 756^th place; Polish: 32^nd place)

Walking with Dinosaurs – Fact File: Koolasuchus [online], abc.net.au [dostęp 2015-12-13] [zarchiwizowane z adresu 2012-12-31] .

arizona.edu (Global: 1,592^nd place; Polish: 2,683^rd place)

phoenix.lpl.arizona.edu

Habitability and Biology: What are the Properties of Life?. The University of Arizona. [dostęp 2015-07-18]. (ang.).
Habitability and Biology: What are the Properties of Life?. The University of Arizona. [dostęp 2015-07-24]. (ang.).

arxiv.org (Global: 69^th place; Polish: 224^th place)

Charles H.Ch.H. Lineweaver Charles H.Ch.H., YesheY. Fenner YesheY., Brad K.B.K. Gibson Brad K.B.K., The Galactic Habitable Zone and the Age Distribution of Complex Life in the Milky Way, „Science”, 303 (5654), 2004, s. 59–62, DOI: 10.1126/science.1092322, ISSN 0036-8075, arXiv:arXiv:astro-ph/0401024 [dostęp 2021-09-17] .

astro-ecology.com (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

Michael N. Mautner. Directed panspermia. 3. Strategies and motivation for seeding star-forming clouds. „Journal of the British Interplanetary Society”. 50. s. 93–102.
Michael N. Mautner (2009). „Life-centered ethics, and the human future in space” (PDF). Bioethics 23 (8): s. 433–440.

bc.edu (Global: 4,784^th place; Polish: low place)

www2.bc.edu

What is Life?* [online], www2.bc.edu [dostęp 2016-03-06] [zarchiwizowane z adresu 2016-12-20] .

berkeley.edu (Global: 580^th place; Polish: 1,186^th place)

ucmp.berkeley.edu

The Paleozoic Era. University of California. [dostęp 2015-11-15].
The Cambrian Period. ucmp.berkeley.edu. [dostęp 2015-11-16].
The Ordovician Period. ucmp.berkeley.edu. [dostęp 2015-11-16].
The Devonian Period. ucmp.berkeley.edu. [dostęp 2015-11-18].
The Carboniferous Period. ucmp.berkeley.edu. [dostęp 2015-11-18].
The Permian Period. ucmp.berkeley.edu. [dostęp 2015-11-19].
The Cretaceous Period [online], ucmp.berkeley.edu [dostęp 2016-01-01] .
The Cenozoic Era [online], ucmp.berkeley.edu [dostęp 2016-01-01] .
The Eocene Epoch [online], ucmp.berkeley.edu [dostęp 2016-01-04] .
The Oligocene Epoch [online], ucmp.berkeley.edu [dostęp 2016-01-05] .
The Miocene Epoch [online], ucmp.berkeley.edu [dostęp 2016-01-05] .
The Pliocene Epoch [online], ucmp.berkeley.edu [dostęp 2016-01-05] .
The Pleistocene Epoch [online], ucmp.berkeley.edu [dostęp 2016-01-05] .
The Holocene Epoch [online], ucmp.berkeley.edu [dostęp 2016-01-05] .
Aristotle – biography.. University of California Museum of Paleontology. [dostęp 2015-08-05]. (ang.).

biocab.org (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

Nasif Sabag Nahle: Astrobiology. Biology Cabinet Organization. [dostęp 2015-07-21]. (ang.).
Nasif Sabag Nahle: Exobiology.. Biology Cabinet Organization. [dostęp 2015-07-21]. (ang.).

biologydirect.com (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

E.V. Koonin, T.G. Senkevich, V.V. Dolja. The ancient Virus World and evolution of cells.. „Biology Direct”. 1 (1). s. 29.

bnf.fr (Global: 124^th place; Polish: 652^nd place)

gallica.bnf.fr

Friedrich Wöhler (1828). „Ueber künstliche Bildung des Harnstoffs”. Annalen der Physik und Chemie 88(2): 253–256.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; Polish: 27^th place)

GrahamG. Ryder GrahamG., David E.D.E. Fastovsky David E.D.E., StefanS. Gartner StefanS., The Cretaceous-Tertiary Event and Other Catastrophes in Earth History, Geological Society of America, 1996, ISBN 978-0-8137-2307-5 [dostęp 2015-11-23] (ang.).

britannica.com (Global: 40^th place; Polish: 23^rd place)

Triassic Period, [w:] Encyclopædia Britannica [dostęp 2015-11-22] (ang.).
Jurassic Period, [w:] Encyclopædia Britannica [dostęp 2015-11-23] (ang.).
Paleocene Epoch, [w:] Encyclopædia Britannica [dostęp 2016-01-04] (ang.).

calresco.org (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

Daniel A. Fiscus: The Ecosystemic Life Hypothesis.. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America. [dostęp 2015-07-22]. (ang.).

cambridge.org (Global: 305^th place; Polish: 506^th place)

ebooks.cambridge.org

Gerald Joyce: The RNA world: life before DNA and protein. Cambridge University Press, 1995, s. 139–151.

deathreference.com (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

Definitions of Death – rituals, world, burial, body, funeral, life, history, beliefs, cause, time. deathreference.com. [dostęp 2015-09-27].

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Polish: 6^th place)

dx.doi.org

MarkoM. Vitas MarkoM., AndrejA. Dobovišek AndrejA., Towards a General Definition of Life, „Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres”, 49 (1), 2019, s. 77–88, DOI: 10.1007/s11084-019-09578-5, ISSN 1573-0875 [dostęp 2025-02-22] (ang.).
MarkoM. Vitas MarkoM., AndrejA. Dobovišek AndrejA., Is Darwinian selection a retrograde driving force of evolution?, „Biosystems”, 233, 2023, s. 105031, DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.105031, ISSN 0303-2647 [dostęp 2025-02-22] .
AddyA. Pross AddyA., Toward a general theory of evolution: Extending Darwinian theory to inanimate matter, „Journal of Systems Chemistry”, 2 (1), 2011, s. 1, DOI: 10.1186/1759-2208-2-1, ISSN 1759-2208 [dostęp 2025-02-22] .
AndrzejA. Gecow AndrzejA., The Purposeful Information. On the Difference between Natural and Artificial Life:, „Dialogue and Universalism”, 18 (11), 2008, s. 191–206, DOI: 10.5840/du20081811/1217, ISSN 1234-5792 [dostęp 2025-02-22] .
Radosław W.R.W. Piast Radosław W.R.W., Shannon’s information, Bernal’s biopoiesis and Bernoulli distribution as pillars for building a definition of life, „Journal of Theoretical Biology”, 470, 2019, s. 101–107, DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.03.009 [dostęp 2019-04-02] (ang.).
AndrzejA. Gecow AndrzejA., Istota życia – utrzymanie systemu w stanie półchaosu, preprint OSF, 2024, DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/ms3nk [dostęp 2025-02-22] (pol.).
AndrzejA. Gecow AndrzejA., Obiektywne aspekty informacji, w tym: nieintencjonalna informacja celowa, biologiczna, semantyczna, preprint OSF, 2024, DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/74ufs [dostęp 2025-02-22] .
AndrzejA. Gecow AndrzejA., Life Is Not on the Edge of Chaos but in a Half-Chaos of Not Fully Random Systems. Definition and Simulations of the Half-Chaos in Complex Networks, IntechOpen, 24 września 2020, DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.93864, ISBN 978-1-83962-859-7 [dostęp 2025-02-22] (ang.).
AndrzejA. Gecow AndrzejA., Definicja życia - gromadzenie informacji celowej wbrew wzrostowi entropii, preprint OSF, 2024, DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/5c38f, v1 [dostęp 2025-02-22] (pol.).
Ronnie N.R.N. Glud Ronnie N.R.N., FrankF. Wenzhöfer FrankF., MathiasM. Middelboe MathiasM., KazumasaK. Oguri KazumasaK., RobertR. Turnewitsch RobertR., High rates of microbial carbon turnover in sediments in the deepest oceanic trench on Earth, „Nature Geoscience”, 6 (4), 2013, s. 284, DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1773, ISSN 1752-0908 [dostęp 2021-09-17] (ang.).
AkihikoA. Nakano AkihikoA., AlbertoA. Luini AlbertoA., Passage through the Golgi, „Current Opinion in Cell Biology”, 22 (4), 2010, s. 471–478, DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2010.05.003, ISSN 0955-0674 [dostęp 2021-09-17] (ang.).
C.R.C.R. Woese C.R.C.R., O.O. Kandler O.O., M.L.M.L. Wheelis M.L.M.L., Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya., „Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America”, 87 (12), 1990, s. 4576–4579, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576, PMID: 2112744, PMCID: PMC54159 [dostęp 2021-09-17] .
Sina M.S.M. Adl Sina M.S.M., Alastair G.B.A.G.B. Simpson Alastair G.B.A.G.B., Mark A.M.A. Farmer Mark A.M.A., Robert A.R.A. Andersen Robert A.R.A., O. RogerO.R. Anderson O. RogerO.R., The New Higher Level Classification of Eukaryotes with Emphasis on the Taxonomy of Protists, „Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology”, 52 (5), 2005, s. 399–451, DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x, ISSN 1550-7408 [dostęp 2021-09-17] (ang.).
Charles H.Ch.H. Lineweaver Charles H.Ch.H., YesheY. Fenner YesheY., Brad K.B.K. Gibson Brad K.B.K., The Galactic Habitable Zone and the Age Distribution of Complex Life in the Milky Way, „Science”, 303 (5654), 2004, s. 59–62, DOI: 10.1126/science.1092322, ISSN 0036-8075, arXiv:arXiv:astro-ph/0401024 [dostęp 2021-09-17] .

elsevier.com (Global: 610^th place; Polish: 682^nd place)

linkinghub.elsevier.com

MarkoM. Vitas MarkoM., AndrejA. Dobovišek AndrejA., Is Darwinian selection a retrograde driving force of evolution?, „Biosystems”, 233, 2023, s. 105031, DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.105031, ISSN 0303-2647 [dostęp 2025-02-22] .
Radosław W.R.W. Piast Radosław W.R.W., Shannon’s information, Bernal’s biopoiesis and Bernoulli distribution as pillars for building a definition of life, „Journal of Theoretical Biology”, 470, 2019, s. 101–107, DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.03.009 [dostęp 2019-04-02] (ang.).

enchantedlearning.com (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

Late Triassic Dinosaurs – ZoomDinosaurs.com [online], enchantedlearning.com [dostęp 2015-11-23] .
Mid-Jurassic Dinosaurs – ZoomDinosaurs.com [online], enchantedlearning.com [dostęp 2015-12-12] .

etsu.edu (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

faculty.etsu.edu

Donald G. Luttermoser, „” (PDF).: Astronomy II Course Lecture Notes Section XII.. East Tennessee State University. [dostęp 2015-07-21]. (ang.).
Donald G. Luttermoser: Physics 2028: Great Ideas in Science: The Exobiology Module.. East Tennessee State University. [dostęp 2105-07-21]. (ang.).

excite.com (Global: low place; Polish: 7,308^th place)

apnews.excite.com

Seth Borenstein: Oldest fossil found: Meet your microbial mom. Associated Press. [dostęp 2015-06-29]. (ang.).
Seth Borenstein: Hints of life on what was thought to be desolate early Earth. Excite. [dostęp 2015-11-13]. (ang.).

geocraft.com (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

Climate during the Carboniferous Period. geocraft.com. [dostęp 2015-11-18].

google.pl (Global: low place; Polish: 557^th place)

books.google.pl

Peter Hamilton Raven, George Brooks Johnson: Biology. McGraw-Hill Education, s. 68. ISBN 978-0-07-112261-0.
W.E. Kunin, Kevin Gaston: The Biology of Rarity: Causes and consequences of rare–common differences.. 1996. ISBN 978-0412633805.
Beverly Peterson Stearns, S.C. Stearns: Watching, from the Edge of Extinction. Yale University Press, 2000, s. 1921. ISBN 978-0-300-08469-6.
G. Miller, Scott Spoolman: Environmental Science – Biodiversity Is a Crucial Part of the Earth’s Natural Capital.. Cengage Learning, 2012, s. 62. ISBN 1-133-70787-4.
Stuart Kaufmann, John D. Barrow, P.C.W. Davies: Science and Ultimate Reality: Quantum Theory, Cosmology, and Complexity. Cambridge University Press, 2004, s. 654–666. ISBN 0-521-83113-X.
James Lovelock: GAIA – A new look at life on Earth.. Oxford University Press, 1979. ISBN 0-19-286030-5.
Harold J. Morowitz: Beginnings of cellular life: metabolism recapitulates biogenesis.. Yale University Press, 1992. ISBN 0-300-05483-1.
Robert W. Ulanowicz, Robert E. Ulanowicz: A third window: natural life beyond Newton and Darwin.. Templeton Foundation Press, 2009. ISBN 1-59947-154-X.
Clare Milsom, Sue Rigby: Fossils at a Glance (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, 2009, s. 134. ISBN 1-4051-9336-0.
Periannan Senapathy: Independent birth of organisms.. Madison: Genome Press, 1994. ISBN 0-9641304-0-8.
Manfred Eigen, Ruthild Winkler: Steps towards life: a perspective on evolution.. Oxford University Press, 1992, s. 31. ISBN 0-19-854751-X.
Scott Neuhaus: Handbook for the Deep Ecologist: What Everyone Should Know About Self, the Environment, And the Planet. 2005, s. 23–50. ISBN 0-595-35789-X.
Jan Sapp: Genesis: The Evolution of Biology.. Oxford University Press, 2003, s. 75–78. ISBN 0-19-515619-6.
Joseph Panno: The Cell. Facts on File science library.. Infobase Publishing, 2004, s. 60–70. ISBN 0-8160-6736-8.
Douglas A. Vakoch, Albert A. Harrison: Civilizations beyond Earth: extraterrestrial life and society.. Berghahn Books, 2011, s. 37–41.
Frank Selis: Lectures in Astrobiology 2. Springer, s. 210–214. ISBN 3-540-33692-3.
Thagard Paul: The Cognitive Science of Science: Explanation, Discovery, and Conceptual Change.. MIT Press, 2012, s. 204–205. ISBN 0-262-01728-8.
Don Marietta: Introduction to ancient philosophy. M. E. Sharpe. 1998, s. 104. ISBN 0-7656-0216-4.
Steve Stewart-Williams: Darwin, God and the meaning of life: how evolutionary theory undermines everything you thought you knew of life.. Cambridge University Press, 2010, s. 193–194. ISBN 0-521-76278-2.
Anson Rabinbach: The Human Motor: Energy, Fatigue, and the Origins of Modernity.. University of California Press, 1992, s. 124–125. ISBN 0-520-07827-6.

ihmc.us (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

cmapsnasacmex.ihmc.us

„Essential requirements for life”. CMEX-NASA. [dostęp 2015-08-01]. (ang.).

intechopen.com (Global: low place; Polish: 5,431^st place)

AndrzejA. Gecow AndrzejA., Life Is Not on the Edge of Chaos but in a Half-Chaos of Not Fully Random Systems. Definition and Simulations of the Half-Chaos in Complex Networks, IntechOpen, 24 września 2020, DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.93864, ISBN 978-1-83962-859-7 [dostęp 2025-02-22] (ang.).

iucn.org (Global: 3,100^th place; Polish: 6,463^rd place)

IUCN – Extinction crisis continues apace [online], iucn.org [dostęp 2016-01-05] [zarchiwizowane z adresu 2013-01-13] .

jameslovelock.org (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

James Lovelock: Geophysiology. [zarchiwizowane z tego adresu (2007-05-06)]. (ang.).

jbsdonline.com (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

Edward N. Trifonov. Definition of Life: Navigation through Uncertainties.. „Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics”. 29 (4), s. 647–650. Adenine Press.

liebertpub.com (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

online.liebertpub.com

Nora Noffke, Daniel Christian, David Wacey, Robert M. Hazen: Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures Recording an Ancient Ecosystem in the ca. 3.48 Billion-Year-Old Dresser Formation, Pilbara, Western Australia. Astrobiology 13 (12): s. 1103–1124.. [dostęp 2015-06-29]. (ang.).

liebertpub.com

A. Tsokolov, Serhiy A. (maj 2009). „Why Is the Definition of Life So Elusive? Epistemological Considerations” (PDF). Astrobiology Journal 9 (4).

livescience.com (Global: 1,190^th place; Polish: 927^th place)

Charles Q. Choi: Microbes Thrive in Deepest Spot on Earth. LiveScience. [dostęp 2015-08-02]. (ang.).
Becky Oskin: Life Thrives in Ocean Floor. LiveScience. [dostęp 2015-08-02]. (ang.).

lyellcollection.org (Global: 6,584^th place; Polish: low place)

sp.lyellcollection.org

G. BrentG.B. Dalrymple G. BrentG.B., The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved, „Special Publications, Geological Society of London”, 190 (1), 2001, s. 205–221 [dostęp 2016-03-06] (ang.).

mollyyoungbrown.com (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

Patterns, Flows, and Interrelationship – Molly Young Brown [online], mollyyoungbrown.com [dostęp 2015-12-29] .

nasa.gov (Global: 75^th place; Polish: 83^rd place)

John Steigerwald: NASA Researchers: DNA Building Blocks Can Be Made in Space. NASA. [dostęp 2015-08-01].
Ruth Marlaire: NASA Ames Reproduces the Building Blocks of Life in Laboratory. NASA. [dostęp 2015-08-01]. (ang.).

nationalgeographic.com (Global: 344^th place; Polish: 543^rd place)

science.nationalgeographic.com

Paleogene Period, Cenozoic Era Information, Prehistoric Facts -- National Geographic [online], National Geographic [dostęp 2016-01-05] .

nature.com (Global: 234^th place; Polish: 204^th place)

Yoko Ohtomo, Takeshi Kakegawa, Akizumi Ishida, Toshiro Nagase, Minik T. Rosing: Evidence for biogenic graphite in early Archaean Isua metasedimentary rocks. Nature Geoscience. [dostęp 2015-06-29]. (ang.).
Ronnie N.R.N. Glud Ronnie N.R.N., FrankF. Wenzhöfer FrankF., MathiasM. Middelboe MathiasM., KazumasaK. Oguri KazumasaK., RobertR. Turnewitsch RobertR., High rates of microbial carbon turnover in sediments in the deepest oceanic trench on Earth, „Nature Geoscience”, 6 (4), 2013, s. 284, DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1773, ISSN 1752-0908 [dostęp 2021-09-17] (ang.).

nbcnews.com (Global: 137^th place; Polish: 466^th place)

Carl Zimmer: Can scientists define ‘life’ ... using just three words?. NBC News. [dostęp 2015-07-19]. (ang.).

ncahf.org (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

„NCAHF position paper on Homeopathy”. National Council Against Health Fraud; luty 1994.

newscientist.com (Global: 774^th place; Polish: 601^st place)

Rachel Courtland: Did newborn Earth harbour life?. New Scientist. [dostęp 2015-07-01]. (ang.).

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; Polish: 7^th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Chris P. McKay (14 września 2004). „What Is Life–and How Do We Search for It in Other Worlds?”. Public Library of Science – Biology 2 (9): s. 302.
T.R. Cech. The RNA Worlds in Context.. „Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol.”. 4 (7).
Tracey A. Lincoln, Gerald F. Joyce. Self-Sustained Replication of an RNA Enzyme. „Science”. 323 (5918), s. 1229–1332, 2015-08-01.
Gerald F. Joyce. Evolution in an RNA world. „Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology”. 74, s. 17–23, 2009-08-10.
W. Whitman, D. Coleman, W. Wiebe. Prokaryotes: The unseen majority. „Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America”. 95 (12), s. 6578–6583, 1998.
Bruce Alberts: From Single Cells to Multicellular Organisms. Molecular Biology of the Cell (3rd ed.).. Nowy Jork: Garland Science, 1994. ISBN 0-8153-1620-8.
Bruce Alberts: „General Principles of Cell Communication”. Molecular Biology of the Cell.. Nowy Jork: Garland Science, 2002. ISBN 0-8153-3218-1.
C.R.C.R. Woese C.R.C.R., O.O. Kandler O.O., M.L.M.L. Wheelis M.L.M.L., Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya., „Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America”, 87 (12), 1990, s. 4576–4579, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576, PMID: 2112744, PMCID: PMC54159 [dostęp 2021-09-17] .
Patrick Forterre (3 marca 2010). „Defining Life: The Virus Viewpoint”. Orig Life Evol Biosph. 40 (2): 151–160.

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nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; Polish: 29^th place)

Michael J. Novacek: Prehistory’s Brilliant Future. New York Times. [dostęp 2015-07-01]. (ang.).
Dennis Overbye: Cassini Seeks Insights to Life in Plumes of Enceladus, Saturn’s Icy Moon. The New York Times. [dostęp 2015-10-28]. (ang.).
CarlC. Zimmer CarlC., Genetic Flip Helped Organisms Go From One Cell to Many, „The New York Times”, 7 stycznia 2016, ISSN 0362-4331 [dostęp 2016-01-09] .
Nicholas Wade: Geological Team Lays Claim to Oldest Known Fossils. The New York Times, 2011-08-21. [dostęp 2015-11-14]. (ang.).

ornl.gov (Global: 5,534^th place; Polish: 4,289^th place)

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osf.io (Global: 7,153^rd place; Polish: low place)

AndrzejA. Gecow AndrzejA., Istota życia – utrzymanie systemu w stanie półchaosu, preprint OSF, 2024, DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/ms3nk [dostęp 2025-02-22] (pol.).
AndrzejA. Gecow AndrzejA., Obiektywne aspekty informacji, w tym: nieintencjonalna informacja celowa, biologiczna, semantyczna, preprint OSF, 2024, DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/74ufs [dostęp 2025-02-22] .
AndrzejA. Gecow AndrzejA., Definicja życia - gromadzenie informacji celowej wbrew wzrostowi entropii, preprint OSF, 2024, DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/5c38f, v1 [dostęp 2025-02-22] (pol.).

palaeos.com (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

Palaeos Mesozoic: Triassic: The Triassic Period [online], palaeos.com [dostęp 2015-11-22] [zarchiwizowane z adresu 2015-04-27] .
Palaeos Mesozoic: Triassic: Middle Triassic [online], palaeos.com [dostęp 2015-11-23] .
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pdcnet.org (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

AndrzejA. Gecow AndrzejA., The Purposeful Information. On the Difference between Natural and Artificial Life:, „Dialogue and Universalism”, 18 (11), 2008, s. 191–206, DOI: 10.5840/du20081811/1217, ISSN 1234-5792 [dostęp 2025-02-22] .

plos.org (Global: 2,112^th place; Polish: 1,414^th place)

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E.C. Holmes (październik 2007). „Viral evolution in the genomic age”. PLoS Biol. 5 (10): s. 278.

pnas.org (Global: 1,293^rd place; Polish: 849^th place)

Cech Thomas R.. A model for the RNA-catalyzed replication of RNA. „Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA”. 83 (12). s. 4360–4363.
Matthew A. Pasek, R. Buick, M. Gull, Z. Atlas. Evidence for reactive reduced phosphorus species in the early Archean ocean. „PNAS”. 110 (25), s. 10089–10094, 2013-06-18.
Callahan; Smith, K.E.; Cleaves, H.J.; Ruzica, J.; Stern, J.C.; Glavin, D.P.; House, C.H.; Dworkin, J.P: Carbonaceous meteorites contain a wide range of extraterrestrial nucleobases. PNAS. [dostęp 2015-08-01]. (ang.).
C.R.C.R. Woese C.R.C.R., O.O. Kandler O.O., M.L.M.L. Wheelis M.L.M.L., Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya., „Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America”, 87 (12), 1990, s. 4576–4579, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576, PMID: 2112744, PMCID: PMC54159 [dostęp 2021-09-17] .

pwn.pl (Global: 347^th place; Polish: 4^th place)

encyklopedia.pwn.pl

życie, [w:] Encyklopedia PWN [online], Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN [dostęp 2020-02-29] .

stareaneksy.pwn.pl

życie. Aneksy PWN: Słownik terminów biologicznych.

reference.com (Global: 657^th place; Polish: 1,544^th place)

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the definition of artificial-life. Dictionary.com. [dostęp 2015-11-14].

reuters.com (Global: 49^th place; Polish: 114^th place)

Julie Steenhuysen: Study turns back clock on origins of life on Earth. Reuters. [dostęp 2015-07-01]. (ang.).

sciencedaily.com (Global: 993^rd place; Polish: 736^th place)

DNA Building Blocks Can Be Made in Space, NASA Evidence Suggests. Science Daily. [dostęp 2015-08-01]. (ang.).

sciencedirect.com (Global: 149^th place; Polish: 235^th place)

AkihikoA. Nakano AkihikoA., AlbertoA. Luini AlbertoA., Passage through the Golgi, „Current Opinion in Cell Biology”, 22 (4), 2010, s. 471–478, DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2010.05.003, ISSN 0955-0674 [dostęp 2021-09-17] (ang.).

sciencemag.org (Global: 857^th place; Polish: 738^th place)

Koshland, Jr., Daniel E. (22 March 2002). „The Seven Pillars of Life”. Science 295 (5563): s. 2215–2216.

sdnhm.org (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

Frequently asked questions. San Diego Natural History Museum. [dostęp 2015-11-14]. (ang.).

springer.com (Global: 274^th place; Polish: 376^th place)

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MarkoM. Vitas MarkoM., AndrejA. Dobovišek AndrejA., Towards a General Definition of Life, „Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres”, 49 (1), 2019, s. 77–88, DOI: 10.1007/s11084-019-09578-5, ISSN 1573-0875 [dostęp 2025-02-22] (ang.).
Enzo Gallori. Astrochemistry and the origin of genetic material. „Rendiconti Lincei”. 22 (2), s. 113–118, 2010-11.
G.A.M. King. Symbiosis and the origin of life. „Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres”. 8 (1), s. 39–53, 1977-04.

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AddyA. Pross AddyA., Toward a general theory of evolution: Extending Darwinian theory to inanimate matter, „Journal of Systems Chemistry”, 2 (1), 2011, s. 1, DOI: 10.1186/1759-2208-2-1, ISSN 1759-2208 [dostęp 2025-02-22] .

stratigraphy.org (Global: 2,562^nd place; Polish: 2,151^st place)

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ucsc.edu (Global: 3,619^th place; Polish: low place)

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Daniel Strain: Icy moons of Saturn and Jupiter may have conditions needed for life.. The University of Santa Cruz. [dostęp 2015-08-11]. (ang.).

uct.ac.za (Global: 9,159^th place; Polish: low place)

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Ed Rybicki: Origins of Viruses.. [dostęp 2015-07-21]. [zarchiwizowane z tego adresu (2015-07-20)]. (ang.).

uni-karlsruhe.de (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

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P.M. Lintilhac. Thinking of biology: toward a theory of cellularity–speculations on the nature of the living cell. „BioScience”. 49 (1), s. 59–68, 1999-01. [zarchiwizowane z adresu].

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usgs.gov (Global: 167^th place; Polish: 323^rd place)

pubs.usgs.gov

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usra.edu (Global: 2,838^th place; Polish: 3,761^st place)

lpi.usra.edu

P.H. Rampelotto: Panspermia: A Promising Field Of Research. Astrobiology Science Conference. [dostęp 2015-07-02]. (ang.).

washingtonpost.com (Global: 34^th place; Polish: 163^rd place)

Brian Vastag: Oldest ‘microfossils’ raise hopes for life on Mars. The Washington Post. [dostęp 2015-11-14]. (ang.).

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Polish: 1^st place)

What is Life?* [online], www2.bc.edu [dostęp 2016-03-06] [zarchiwizowane z adresu 2016-12-20] .
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James Lovelock: Geophysiology. [zarchiwizowane z tego adresu (2007-05-06)]. (ang.).
P.M. Lintilhac. Thinking of biology: toward a theory of cellularity–speculations on the nature of the living cell. „BioScience”. 49 (1), s. 59–68, 1999-01. [zarchiwizowane z adresu].
Sanford Schwartz: C. S. Lewis on the Final Frontier: Science and the Supernatural in the Space Trilogy.. Oxford University Press, 2009, s. 56. ISBN 0-19-988839-6.
Ed Rybicki: Origins of Viruses.. [dostęp 2015-07-21]. [zarchiwizowane z tego adresu (2015-07-20)]. (ang.).

webcitation.org (Global: 24^th place; Polish: 107^th place)

Lynn Rothschild: Understand the evolutionary mechanisms and environmental limits of life. NASA. [dostęp 2003-09-30]. (ang.).
J.-P. de Vera, Ulrich Kohler: The adaptation potential of extremophiles to Martian surface conditions and its implication for the habitability of Mars.. Europejska Unia Nauk o Ziemi. [dostęp 2015-08-02]. (ang.).
Norman R. Pace. Concept Time for a change. „Nature”. 441 (7091), s. 289, 2006-05-18.
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wiley.com (Global: 222^nd place; Polish: 228^th place)

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Sina M.S.M. Adl Sina M.S.M., Alastair G.B.A.G.B. Simpson Alastair G.B.A.G.B., Mark A.M.A. Farmer Mark A.M.A., Robert A.R.A. Andersen Robert A.R.A., O. RogerO.R. Anderson O. RogerO.R., The New Higher Level Classification of Eukaryotes with Emphasis on the Taxonomy of Protists, „Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology”, 52 (5), 2005, s. 399–451, DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x, ISSN 1550-7408 [dostęp 2021-09-17] (ang.).

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; Polish: 2^nd place)

MarkoM. Vitas MarkoM., AndrejA. Dobovišek AndrejA., Towards a General Definition of Life, „Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres”, 49 (1), 2019, s. 77–88, DOI: 10.1007/s11084-019-09578-5, ISSN 1573-0875 [dostęp 2025-02-22] (ang.).
MarkoM. Vitas MarkoM., AndrejA. Dobovišek AndrejA., Is Darwinian selection a retrograde driving force of evolution?, „Biosystems”, 233, 2023, s. 105031, DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.105031, ISSN 0303-2647 [dostęp 2025-02-22] .
AddyA. Pross AddyA., Toward a general theory of evolution: Extending Darwinian theory to inanimate matter, „Journal of Systems Chemistry”, 2 (1), 2011, s. 1, DOI: 10.1186/1759-2208-2-1, ISSN 1759-2208 [dostęp 2025-02-22] .
AndrzejA. Gecow AndrzejA., The Purposeful Information. On the Difference between Natural and Artificial Life:, „Dialogue and Universalism”, 18 (11), 2008, s. 191–206, DOI: 10.5840/du20081811/1217, ISSN 1234-5792 [dostęp 2025-02-22] .
Ronnie N.R.N. Glud Ronnie N.R.N., FrankF. Wenzhöfer FrankF., MathiasM. Middelboe MathiasM., KazumasaK. Oguri KazumasaK., RobertR. Turnewitsch RobertR., High rates of microbial carbon turnover in sediments in the deepest oceanic trench on Earth, „Nature Geoscience”, 6 (4), 2013, s. 284, DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1773, ISSN 1752-0908 [dostęp 2021-09-17] (ang.).
AkihikoA. Nakano AkihikoA., AlbertoA. Luini AlbertoA., Passage through the Golgi, „Current Opinion in Cell Biology”, 22 (4), 2010, s. 471–478, DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2010.05.003, ISSN 0955-0674 [dostęp 2021-09-17] (ang.).
CarlC. Zimmer CarlC., Genetic Flip Helped Organisms Go From One Cell to Many, „The New York Times”, 7 stycznia 2016, ISSN 0362-4331 [dostęp 2016-01-09] .
Sina M.S.M. Adl Sina M.S.M., Alastair G.B.A.G.B. Simpson Alastair G.B.A.G.B., Mark A.M.A. Farmer Mark A.M.A., Robert A.R.A. Andersen Robert A.R.A., O. RogerO.R. Anderson O. RogerO.R., The New Higher Level Classification of Eukaryotes with Emphasis on the Taxonomy of Protists, „Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology”, 52 (5), 2005, s. 399–451, DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x, ISSN 1550-7408 [dostęp 2021-09-17] (ang.).
Charles H.Ch.H. Lineweaver Charles H.Ch.H., YesheY. Fenner YesheY., Brad K.B.K. Gibson Brad K.B.K., The Galactic Habitable Zone and the Age Distribution of Complex Life in the Milky Way, „Science”, 303 (5654), 2004, s. 59–62, DOI: 10.1126/science.1092322, ISSN 0036-8075, arXiv:arXiv:astro-ph/0401024 [dostęp 2021-09-17] .

wsj.com (Global: 79^th place; Polish: 418^th place)

Robert Lee Hotz (3 grudnia 2010). „New link in chain of life”. Wall Street Journal (Dow Jones & Company, Inc). Until now, however, they were all thought to share the same biochemistry, based on the Big Six, to build proteins, fats and DNA..

Życie (Polish Wikipedia)

abc.net.au (Global: 139th place; Polish: 507th place)

about.com (Global: 216th place; Polish: 306th place)

dinosaurs.about.com

archive.is (Global: 87th place; Polish: 5th place)

archive.ph (Global: 756th place; Polish: 32nd place)

arizona.edu (Global: 1,592nd place; Polish: 2,683rd place)

phoenix.lpl.arizona.edu

arxiv.org (Global: 69th place; Polish: 224th place)

astro-ecology.com (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

bc.edu (Global: 4,784th place; Polish: low place)

www2.bc.edu

berkeley.edu (Global: 580th place; Polish: 1,186th place)

ucmp.berkeley.edu

biocab.org (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

biologydirect.com (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

bnf.fr (Global: 124th place; Polish: 652nd place)

gallica.bnf.fr

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; Polish: 27th place)

britannica.com (Global: 40th place; Polish: 23rd place)

calresco.org (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

cambridge.org (Global: 305th place; Polish: 506th place)

ebooks.cambridge.org

deathreference.com (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; Polish: 6th place)

dx.doi.org

elsevier.com (Global: 610th place; Polish: 682nd place)

linkinghub.elsevier.com

enchantedlearning.com (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

etsu.edu (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

faculty.etsu.edu

excite.com (Global: low place; Polish: 7,308th place)

apnews.excite.com

geocraft.com (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

google.pl (Global: low place; Polish: 557th place)

books.google.pl

ihmc.us (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

cmapsnasacmex.ihmc.us

intechopen.com (Global: low place; Polish: 5,431st place)

iucn.org (Global: 3,100th place; Polish: 6,463rd place)

jameslovelock.org (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

jbsdonline.com (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

liebertpub.com (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

online.liebertpub.com

liebertpub.com

livescience.com (Global: 1,190th place; Polish: 927th place)

lyellcollection.org (Global: 6,584th place; Polish: low place)

sp.lyellcollection.org

mollyyoungbrown.com (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

nasa.gov (Global: 75th place; Polish: 83rd place)

nationalgeographic.com (Global: 344th place; Polish: 543rd place)

science.nationalgeographic.com

nature.com (Global: 234th place; Polish: 204th place)

nbcnews.com (Global: 137th place; Polish: 466th place)

ncahf.org (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

newscientist.com (Global: 774th place; Polish: 601st place)

nih.gov (Global: 4th place; Polish: 7th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nobelprize.org (Global: 301st place; Polish: 151st place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; Polish: 29th place)

ornl.gov (Global: 5,534th place; Polish: 4,289th place)

esd.ornl.gov

osf.io (Global: 7,153rd place; Polish: low place)

palaeos.com (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

pdcnet.org (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

plos.org (Global: 2,112th place; Polish: 1,414th place)

journals.plos.org

pnas.org (Global: 1,293rd place; Polish: 849th place)

pwn.pl (Global: 347th place; Polish: 4th place)

encyklopedia.pwn.pl

stareaneksy.pwn.pl

reference.com (Global: 657th place; Polish: 1,544th place)

dictionary.reference.com

reuters.com (Global: 49th place; Polish: 114th place)

sciencedaily.com (Global: 993rd place; Polish: 736th place)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 149th place; Polish: 235th place)

sciencemag.org (Global: 857th place; Polish: 738th place)

sdnhm.org (Global: low place; Polish: low place)

springer.com (Global: 274th place; Polish: 376th place)

link.springer.com

abc.net.au (Global: 139^th place; Polish: 507^th place)

about.com (Global: 216^th place; Polish: 306^th place)

archive.is (Global: 87^th place; Polish: 5^th place)

archive.ph (Global: 756^th place; Polish: 32^nd place)

arizona.edu (Global: 1,592^nd place; Polish: 2,683^rd place)

arxiv.org (Global: 69^th place; Polish: 224^th place)

bc.edu (Global: 4,784^th place; Polish: low place)

berkeley.edu (Global: 580^th place; Polish: 1,186^th place)

bnf.fr (Global: 124^th place; Polish: 652^nd place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; Polish: 27^th place)

britannica.com (Global: 40^th place; Polish: 23^rd place)

cambridge.org (Global: 305^th place; Polish: 506^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Polish: 6^th place)

elsevier.com (Global: 610^th place; Polish: 682^nd place)

excite.com (Global: low place; Polish: 7,308^th place)

google.pl (Global: low place; Polish: 557^th place)

intechopen.com (Global: low place; Polish: 5,431^st place)

iucn.org (Global: 3,100^th place; Polish: 6,463^rd place)

livescience.com (Global: 1,190^th place; Polish: 927^th place)

lyellcollection.org (Global: 6,584^th place; Polish: low place)

nasa.gov (Global: 75^th place; Polish: 83^rd place)

nationalgeographic.com (Global: 344^th place; Polish: 543^rd place)

nature.com (Global: 234^th place; Polish: 204^th place)

nbcnews.com (Global: 137^th place; Polish: 466^th place)

newscientist.com (Global: 774^th place; Polish: 601^st place)

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; Polish: 7^th place)

nobelprize.org (Global: 301^st place; Polish: 151^st place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; Polish: 29^th place)

ornl.gov (Global: 5,534^th place; Polish: 4,289^th place)

osf.io (Global: 7,153^rd place; Polish: low place)

plos.org (Global: 2,112^th place; Polish: 1,414^th place)

pnas.org (Global: 1,293^rd place; Polish: 849^th place)

pwn.pl (Global: 347^th place; Polish: 4^th place)

reference.com (Global: 657^th place; Polish: 1,544^th place)

reuters.com (Global: 49^th place; Polish: 114^th place)

sciencedaily.com (Global: 993^rd place; Polish: 736^th place)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 149^th place; Polish: 235^th place)

sciencemag.org (Global: 857^th place; Polish: 738^th place)

springer.com (Global: 274^th place; Polish: 376^th place)

stratigraphy.org (Global: 2,562^nd place; Polish: 2,151^st place)

ucsc.edu (Global: 3,619^th place; Polish: low place)

uct.ac.za (Global: 9,159^th place; Polish: low place)

universetoday.com (Global: 3,691^st place; Polish: 2,036^th place)

usgs.gov (Global: 167^th place; Polish: 323^rd place)

usra.edu (Global: 2,838^th place; Polish: 3,761^st place)

washingtonpost.com (Global: 34^th place; Polish: 163^rd place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Polish: 1^st place)

webcitation.org (Global: 24^th place; Polish: 107^th place)

wiley.com (Global: 222^nd place; Polish: 228^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; Polish: 2^nd place)

wsj.com (Global: 79^th place; Polish: 418^th place)