LovgrenL.SLovgrenL., "Happy Feet": Movie Magic vs. Penguin Truths, National Geographic website, National Geographic, 16 listopada 2006 [zarchiwizowane z adresu 2012-05-24]. Brak numerów stron w książce
RebeccaR.MorelleRebeccaR., Penguin huddle secrets revealed with time lapse footage, „BBC News”, 2 czerwca 2011 [dostęp 2011-06-04], Cytat: The mystery of how penguins stay warm while they huddle has been revealed by an international team of scientists. ... Dr Zitterbart explained: "The colony would stay still for most of the time, but every 30–60 seconds one penguin or a group of penguin starts to move – just a little bit. "This makes the surrounding ones move – and all of a sudden this moves throughout the colony like a wave."
tłum.: Międzynarodowy zespół naukowców odkrył tajemnicę tego, w jaki sposób pingwiny utrzymują ciepło, gdy się gromadzą. ... Dr Zitterbart wyjaśnił: "Kolonia pozostaje bez ruchu przez większość czasu, ale co 30–60 sekund jeden pingwin lub grupa pingwinów zaczyna się poruszać – tylko trochę. "To sprawia, że inne pingwiny poruszają się – i nagle ruch rozprzestrzenia się po całej kolonii jak fala".
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britishmuseum.org
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Hidden keys to survival: the type, density, pattern and functional role of emperor penguin body feathers, CassondraC.WL, HagelinH.JC, KooymanK.GL, „Proceedings of the Royal Society B”, 282 (1817), 2015, s. 2015–2033, DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2033, PMID: 26490794, PMCID: PMC4633883.???
Heat loss in penguins during immersion and compression, KooymanK.GL i inni, „Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology”, 54A (1), 1976, s. 75–80, DOI: 10.1016/S0300-9629(76)80074-6, PMID: 3348.???
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JoannaJ.BurgerJoannaJ., MichaelM.GochfeldMichaelM., Responses of Emperor Penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) to encounters with ecotourists while commuting to and from their breeding colony, „Polar Biology”, 30 (10), 2007, s. 1303–1313, DOI: 10.1007/s00300-007-0291-1.
GieseG.MGieseG., RiddleR.MRiddleR., Disturbance of emperor penguin ''Aptenodytes forsteri'' chicks by helicopters, „Polar Biology”, 22 (6), 1997, s. 366–371, DOI: 10.1007/s003000050430.
ChristopheCh.BarbraudChristopheCh., HenriH.WeimerskirchHenriH., Emperor penguins and climate change, „Nature”, 411 (6834), 2001, s. 183–186, DOI: 10.1038/35075554, PMID: 11346792.
Peter T.P.T.FretwellPeter T.P.T., Philip N.P.N.TrathanPhilip N.P.N., Emperors on thin ice: Three years of breeding failure at Halley Bay, „Antarctic Science”, 31 (3), 2019, s. 133–138, DOI: 10.1017/S0954102019000099.
RR.GroscolasRR. i inni, The endocrine control of reproduction and molt in male and female Emperor (Aptenodytes forsteri) and Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae) Penguins. I. Annual changes in plasma levels of gonadal steroids and luteinizing hormone, „Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.”, 62 (1), 1986, s. 43–53, DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(86)90092-4, PMID: 3781216.
J.P.J.P.RobinJ.P.J.P. i inni, Protein and lipid utilization during long-term fasting in emperor penguins, „Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.”, 254 (1 Pt 2), 1988, R61–R68, DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1988.254.1.R61, PMID: 3337270.
Y. LeY.L.MahoY. LeY.L., P.P.DelclitteP.P., J.J.ChatonnetJ.J., Thermoregulation in fasting emperor penguins under natural conditions, „Am. J. Physiol.”, 231 (3), 1976, s. 913–922, DOI: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1976.231.3.913, PMID: 970473.
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LovgrenL.SLovgrenL., "Happy Feet": Movie Magic vs. Penguin Truths, National Geographic website, National Geographic, 16 listopada 2006 [zarchiwizowane z adresu 2012-05-24]. Brak numerów stron w książce
kids.nationalgeographic.com
LovgrenL.SLovgrenL., Behind the Scenes of the New Movie "Surf's Up", National Geographic website, National Geographic, 2007 [dostęp 2008-03-26] [zarchiwizowane z adresu 2008-03-10]. Brak numerów stron w książce
Allan JA.J.BakerAllan JA.J. i inni, Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling, „Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences”, 273 (1582), 2006, s. 11–17, DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2005.3260, PMID: 16519228, PMCID: PMC1560011.
Hidden keys to survival: the type, density, pattern and functional role of emperor penguin body feathers, CassondraC.WL, HagelinH.JC, KooymanK.GL, „Proceedings of the Royal Society B”, 282 (1817), 2015, s. 2015–2033, DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2033, PMID: 26490794, PMCID: PMC4633883.???
Heat loss in penguins during immersion and compression, KooymanK.GL i inni, „Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology”, 54A (1), 1976, s. 75–80, DOI: 10.1016/S0300-9629(76)80074-6, PMID: 3348.???
Energy expenditure for thermoregulation and locomotion in emperor penguins, B.B.Pinshow i inni, „American Journal of Physiology”, 231 (3), 1976, s. 903–912, DOI: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1976.231.3.903, PMID: 970474.???
RR.GroscolasRR. i inni, The endocrine control of reproduction and molt in male and female Emperor (Aptenodytes forsteri) and Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae) Penguins. I. Annual changes in plasma levels of gonadal steroids and luteinizing hormone, „Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.”, 62 (1), 1986, s. 43–53, DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(86)90092-4, PMID: 3781216.
J.P.J.P.RobinJ.P.J.P. i inni, Protein and lipid utilization during long-term fasting in emperor penguins, „Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.”, 254 (1 Pt 2), 1988, R61–R68, DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1988.254.1.R61, PMID: 3337270.
Y. LeY.L.MahoY. LeY.L., P.P.DelclitteP.P., J.J.ChatonnetJ.J., Thermoregulation in fasting emperor penguins under natural conditions, „Am. J. Physiol.”, 231 (3), 1976, s. 913–922, DOI: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1976.231.3.913, PMID: 970473.
BritishB.MuseumBritishB., King penguin: The Forsters, King and Emperor, Explore/Highlights, Trustees of the British Museum [dostęp 2013-07-28] [zarchiwizowane z adresu 2015-10-19]. Brak numerów stron w książce
Daddy Dearest, [w:] Calgary Herald, canada.com, 20 czerwca 2010 [zarchiwizowane z adresu 2012-06-12].???
LovgrenL.SLovgrenL., Behind the Scenes of the New Movie "Surf's Up", National Geographic website, National Geographic, 2007 [dostęp 2008-03-26] [zarchiwizowane z adresu 2008-03-10]. Brak numerów stron w książce