Neurosurgeon claims about mobile phones and cancer [online], Australian Centre for RF Bioeffects Research, 8 kwietnia 2008 [zarchiwizowane z adresu 2011-10-09], Cytat: „The review was not published in a peer reviewed journal and presents no new research findings. „While making strong claims that “There is a growing and statistically significant body of evidence that brain tumours…are linked with “heavy” and “prolonged” mobile phone use…”, the review is inexpert and incomplete, containing a number of factual errors. In particular, Khurana fails to consider the relative scientific quality of different studies. This produces an unbalanced analysis of the literature, which is also selective in support of the author’s claims.”.
Na przykład dwie listy dla 10 g standardu uśredniania SAR: dla współczesnych modeli telefonów Mobile Phones UK. [w:] Mobile Phones UK web site [on-line]. Landmark Internet Ltd. [dostęp 2008-01-19]. [zarchiwizowane z tego adresu (2012-09-20)]. po roku 2005 oraz dla wcześniejszych telefonów The Complete SAR List For All Phones (Europe). On-Line-Net – Web Design & Internet Services (as SARValues.com). [dostęp 2008-01-19]. (lista wartości SAR dla telefonów amerykańskich uśrednianego dla 1gr jest dostępna na stronie SARValues. [dostęp 2008-06-16].).
Comments on the Danish cohort study on mobile phones. Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, 2007-02-22. [dostęp 2020-04-19]. [zarchiwizowane z tego adresu]. Cytat: „Für eine wissenschaftlich belastbare Aussage zu den Effekten von Langzeitnutzung sind die Ergebnisse von großen gepoolten Studien, wie der gemeinsamen Auswertung der 13 INTERPHONE-Studien, erforderlich. Wann mit deren Ergebnissen zu rechnen ist, kann derzeit nicht prognostiziert werden.” (niem.).
Fachliche Stellungnahme des Bundesamtes für Strahlenschutz (BfS) zu den Ergebnissen und Schlussfolgerungen der INTERPHONE-Studie [online], Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz [dostęp 2020-04-19], Cytat: „Insgesamt wurde kein signifikant erhöhtes Risiko für Gliome, Meningeome oder Akustikusneurinome beobachtet, das auf die Nutzung von Mobiltelefonen zurückgeführt werden kann. Es zeigten sich Hinweise auf ein erhöhtes Risiko für Gliome und Akustikusneurinome bei der Personengruppe mit der längsten Gesamtgesprächsdauer. Aufgrund von möglichen Verzerrungen und Fehlern ist eine kausale Interpretation dieses Zusammenhangs jedoch nicht möglich.”(niem.).
Electromagnetic fields (GSM 1800) do not alter blood-brain barrier permeability to sucrose in models in vitro with high barrier tightness, Franke et al., Bioelectromagnetics, 26(7):529-535 at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.20123.
Lack of effects of 1439 MHz electromagnetic near field exposure on the blood-brain barrier in immature and young rats, Kuribayashi et al., Bioelectromagnetics, 26(7):578-588 at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.20138.
MartinM.RöösliMartinM., Radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure and non-specific symptoms of ill health: A systematic review, „Environmental Research”, 107 (2), 2008, s. 277–287, DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2008.02.003, ISSN0013-9351 [dostęp 2020-06-04], Cytat: „There was little evidence that short-term exposure to a mobile phone or base station causes symptoms based on the results of eight randomized trials investigating 194 EHS and 346 non-EHS individuals in a laboratory. Some of the trials provided evidence for the occurrence of nocebo effects. [...] This review showed that the large majority of individuals who claims to be able to detect low level RF-EMF are not able to do so under double-blind conditions.”(ang.).
DJD.PanagopoulosDJD. i inni, Cell death induced by GSM 900 MHz and DCS 1800 MHz mobile telephony radiation, „Mutation Research”, 1–2 (626), Elsevier, 2007, s. 69–78, DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.08.008, ISSN0027-5107, PMID: 17045516 [dostęp 2008-01-15], Cytat: Our present results suggest that the decrease in oviposition previously reported, is due to degeneration of large numbers of egg chambers after DNA fragmentation of their constituent cells, induced by both types of mobile telephony radiation. Induced cell death is recorded for the first time, in all types of cells constituting an egg chamber…(ang.).
Brain tumour risk in relation to mobile telephone use: results of the INTERPHONE international case–control study, „International Journal of Epidemiology”, 39 (3), 2010, s. 675–694, DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyq079, ISSN0300-5771 [dostęp 2020-04-19], Cytat: „Funding This work was supported by funding from the European Fifth Framework Program, ‘Quality of Life and Management of Living Resources’ (contract QLK4-CT-1999901563) and the International Union against Cancer (UICC). The UICC received funds for this purpose from the Mobile Manufacturers’ Forum and GSM Association. Provision of funds to the INTERPHONE study investigators via the UICC was governed by agreements that guaranteed INTERPHONE’s complete scientific independence. The terms of these agreements are publicly available at...”(ang.).
COMAR Technical Information Statement: Expert Reviews on Potential Health Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields and Comments on the BioInitiative Report, „Health Physics”, 97 (4), 2009, s. 348–356, DOI: 10.1097/HP.0b013e3181adcb94, ISSN0017-9078 [dostęp 2020-05-13], Cytat: „A major weakness of the BIR is a selective, ratherthan a comprehensive, review of the literature in various topical areas.” „For example, the BIR recommends a generalpublic exposure limit of 0.614 volts per meter forexposure to RF energy, which is a factor of about 100 (interms of field strength) or 10,000 (measured in terms ofincident power density) below present limits that are ineffect in the U.S. and most other countries around theworld. A major weakness of the BIR is the absence of a rationale to support reduction of internationally acceptedRF exposure limits.”(ang.).
Joachim Schüz, Rune Jacobsen, Jørgen H. Olsen, John D. Boice, Jr, Joseph K. McLaughlin, Christoffer Johansen. Cellular Telephone Use and Cancer Risk: Update of a Nationwide Danish Cohort. „Journal of the National Cancer Institute”. 98. 23, s. 1707–1713, 2006 grudzień. Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djj464. ISSN0027-8874. PMID: 17148772. OCLC90861566. [dostęp 2008-01-20]. Cytat: Among long-term subscribers of 10 years or more, cellular telephone use was not associated with increased risk for brain tumors..., and there was no trend with time since first subscription. ...CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence for an association between tumor risk and cellular telephone use among either short-term or long-term users. Moreover, the narrow confidence intervals provide evidence that any large association of risk of cancer and cellular telephone use can be excluded..
Stefan Lönn, Anders Ahlbom, Per Hall, Maria Feychting. Mobile phone use and the risk of acoustic neuroma. „Epidemiology”. 15. 6, s. 653–659, listopad, 2004. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. DOI: 10.1097/01.ede.0000142519.00772.bf. ISSN1044-3983. PMID: 15475713. OCLC44996510. [dostęp 2008-01-08]. Cytat: Conclusions: Our findings do not indicate an increased risk of acoustic neuroma related to short-term mobile phone use after a short latency period. However, our data suggest an increased risk of acoustic neuroma associated with mobile phone use of at least 10 years’ duration.. (ang.).
Stefan Lönn, Anders Ahlbom, Per Hall, Maria Feychting. Mobile phone use and the risk of acoustic neuroma. „Epidemiology”. 15. 6, s. 653–659, listopad, 2004. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. DOI: 10.1097/01.ede.0000142519.00772.bf. ISSN1044-3983. PMID: 15475713. OCLC44996510. [dostęp 2008-01-08]. Cytat: Conclusions: Our findings do not indicate an increased risk of acoustic neuroma related to short-term mobile phone use after a short latency period. However, our data suggest an increased risk of acoustic neuroma associated with mobile phone use of at least 10 years’ duration.. (ang.).
Funding – Interphone Study [online], interphone.iarc.fr [dostęp 2020-04-19] [zarchiwizowane z adresu 2020-05-03], Cytat: „The funders of the INTERPHONE Study do not have access to any results of the INTERPHONE Study before their publication. They may, however, be informed, together with representatives from other concerned organisations such as consumers’ groups, a maximum of seven days before the publication of the results, under strict terms of confidentiality.”.
COMAR Technical Information Statement: Expert Reviews on Potential Health Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields and Comments on the BioInitiative Report, „Health Physics”, 97 (4), 2009, s. 348–356, DOI: 10.1097/HP.0b013e3181adcb94, ISSN0017-9078 [dostęp 2020-05-13], Cytat: „A major weakness of the BIR is a selective, ratherthan a comprehensive, review of the literature in various topical areas.” „For example, the BIR recommends a generalpublic exposure limit of 0.614 volts per meter forexposure to RF energy, which is a factor of about 100 (interms of field strength) or 10,000 (measured in terms ofincident power density) below present limits that are ineffect in the U.S. and most other countries around theworld. A major weakness of the BIR is the absence of a rationale to support reduction of internationally acceptedRF exposure limits.”(ang.).
Na przykład dwie listy dla 10 g standardu uśredniania SAR: dla współczesnych modeli telefonów Mobile Phones UK. [w:] Mobile Phones UK web site [on-line]. Landmark Internet Ltd. [dostęp 2008-01-19]. [zarchiwizowane z tego adresu (2012-09-20)]. po roku 2005 oraz dla wcześniejszych telefonów The Complete SAR List For All Phones (Europe). On-Line-Net – Web Design & Internet Services (as SARValues.com). [dostęp 2008-01-19]. (lista wartości SAR dla telefonów amerykańskich uśrednianego dla 1gr jest dostępna na stronie SARValues. [dostęp 2008-06-16].).
DJD.PanagopoulosDJD. i inni, Cell death induced by GSM 900 MHz and DCS 1800 MHz mobile telephony radiation, „Mutation Research”, 1–2 (626), Elsevier, 2007, s. 69–78, DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.08.008, ISSN0027-5107, PMID: 17045516 [dostęp 2008-01-15], Cytat: Our present results suggest that the decrease in oviposition previously reported, is due to degeneration of large numbers of egg chambers after DNA fragmentation of their constituent cells, induced by both types of mobile telephony radiation. Induced cell death is recorded for the first time, in all types of cells constituting an egg chamber…(ang.).
Joachim Schüz, Rune Jacobsen, Jørgen H. Olsen, John D. Boice, Jr, Joseph K. McLaughlin, Christoffer Johansen. Cellular Telephone Use and Cancer Risk: Update of a Nationwide Danish Cohort. „Journal of the National Cancer Institute”. 98. 23, s. 1707–1713, 2006 grudzień. Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djj464. ISSN0027-8874. PMID: 17148772. OCLC90861566. [dostęp 2008-01-20]. Cytat: Among long-term subscribers of 10 years or more, cellular telephone use was not associated with increased risk for brain tumors..., and there was no trend with time since first subscription. ...CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence for an association between tumor risk and cellular telephone use among either short-term or long-term users. Moreover, the narrow confidence intervals provide evidence that any large association of risk of cancer and cellular telephone use can be excluded..
Stefan Lönn, Anders Ahlbom, Per Hall, Maria Feychting. Mobile phone use and the risk of acoustic neuroma. „Epidemiology”. 15. 6, s. 653–659, listopad, 2004. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. DOI: 10.1097/01.ede.0000142519.00772.bf. ISSN1044-3983. PMID: 15475713. OCLC44996510. [dostęp 2008-01-08]. Cytat: Conclusions: Our findings do not indicate an increased risk of acoustic neuroma related to short-term mobile phone use after a short latency period. However, our data suggest an increased risk of acoustic neuroma associated with mobile phone use of at least 10 years’ duration.. (ang.).
Alicja Bortkiewicz, Marek Zmyślony, Agata Szyjkowska, Elzbieta Gadzicka. Subjective symptoms reported by people living in the vicinity of cellular phone base stations: review. „Medycyna pracy”. 55. 4, s. 345–352, 2004. Warsaw: Państwowy Zakład Wydawnictw Lekarskich. ISSN0465-5893. PMID: 15620045. OCLC108011911. BL Shelfmark: 5536.020000.
Brain tumour risk in relation to mobile telephone use: results of the INTERPHONE international case–control study, „International Journal of Epidemiology”, 39 (3), 2010, s. 675–694, DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyq079, ISSN0300-5771 [dostęp 2020-04-19], Cytat: „Funding This work was supported by funding from the European Fifth Framework Program, ‘Quality of Life and Management of Living Resources’ (contract QLK4-CT-1999901563) and the International Union against Cancer (UICC). The UICC received funds for this purpose from the Mobile Manufacturers’ Forum and GSM Association. Provision of funds to the INTERPHONE study investigators via the UICC was governed by agreements that guaranteed INTERPHONE’s complete scientific independence. The terms of these agreements are publicly available at...”(ang.).
Joachim Schüz, Rune Jacobsen, Jørgen H. Olsen, John D. Boice, Jr, Joseph K. McLaughlin, Christoffer Johansen. Cellular Telephone Use and Cancer Risk: Update of a Nationwide Danish Cohort. „Journal of the National Cancer Institute”. 98. 23, s. 1707–1713, 2006 grudzień. Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djj464. ISSN0027-8874. PMID: 17148772. OCLC90861566. [dostęp 2008-01-20]. Cytat: Among long-term subscribers of 10 years or more, cellular telephone use was not associated with increased risk for brain tumors..., and there was no trend with time since first subscription. ...CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence for an association between tumor risk and cellular telephone use among either short-term or long-term users. Moreover, the narrow confidence intervals provide evidence that any large association of risk of cancer and cellular telephone use can be excluded..
pmid.us
DJD.PanagopoulosDJD. i inni, Cell death induced by GSM 900 MHz and DCS 1800 MHz mobile telephony radiation, „Mutation Research”, 1–2 (626), Elsevier, 2007, s. 69–78, DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.08.008, ISSN0027-5107, PMID: 17045516 [dostęp 2008-01-15], Cytat: Our present results suggest that the decrease in oviposition previously reported, is due to degeneration of large numbers of egg chambers after DNA fragmentation of their constituent cells, induced by both types of mobile telephony radiation. Induced cell death is recorded for the first time, in all types of cells constituting an egg chamber…(ang.).
Patrick A.P.A.MasonPatrick A.P.A., Michael R.M.R.MurphyMichael R.M.R., Ronald C.R.C.PetersenRonald C.R.C., IEEE EMF Health & Safety Standards [online] [dostęp 2020-04-13].
Na przykład dwie listy dla 10 g standardu uśredniania SAR: dla współczesnych modeli telefonów Mobile Phones UK. [w:] Mobile Phones UK web site [on-line]. Landmark Internet Ltd. [dostęp 2008-01-19]. [zarchiwizowane z tego adresu (2012-09-20)]. po roku 2005 oraz dla wcześniejszych telefonów The Complete SAR List For All Phones (Europe). On-Line-Net – Web Design & Internet Services (as SARValues.com). [dostęp 2008-01-19]. (lista wartości SAR dla telefonów amerykańskich uśrednianego dla 1gr jest dostępna na stronie SARValues. [dostęp 2008-06-16].).
sciencedirect.com
MartinM.RöösliMartinM., Radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure and non-specific symptoms of ill health: A systematic review, „Environmental Research”, 107 (2), 2008, s. 277–287, DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2008.02.003, ISSN0013-9351 [dostęp 2020-06-04], Cytat: „There was little evidence that short-term exposure to a mobile phone or base station causes symptoms based on the results of eight randomized trials investigating 194 EHS and 346 non-EHS individuals in a laboratory. Some of the trials provided evidence for the occurrence of nocebo effects. [...] This review showed that the large majority of individuals who claims to be able to detect low level RF-EMF are not able to do so under double-blind conditions.”(ang.).
Rob Harrill. Wake-up Call. „The University of Washington Alumni Magazine”. March 2005, March 2005. [dostęp 2008-05-31].brak numeru strony
web.archive.org
Na przykład dwie listy dla 10 g standardu uśredniania SAR: dla współczesnych modeli telefonów Mobile Phones UK. [w:] Mobile Phones UK web site [on-line]. Landmark Internet Ltd. [dostęp 2008-01-19]. [zarchiwizowane z tego adresu (2012-09-20)]. po roku 2005 oraz dla wcześniejszych telefonów The Complete SAR List For All Phones (Europe). On-Line-Net – Web Design & Internet Services (as SARValues.com). [dostęp 2008-01-19]. (lista wartości SAR dla telefonów amerykańskich uśrednianego dla 1gr jest dostępna na stronie SARValues. [dostęp 2008-06-16].).
Comments on the Danish cohort study on mobile phones. Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, 2007-02-22. [dostęp 2020-04-19]. [zarchiwizowane z tego adresu]. Cytat: „Für eine wissenschaftlich belastbare Aussage zu den Effekten von Langzeitnutzung sind die Ergebnisse von großen gepoolten Studien, wie der gemeinsamen Auswertung der 13 INTERPHONE-Studien, erforderlich. Wann mit deren Ergebnissen zu rechnen ist, kann derzeit nicht prognostiziert werden.” (niem.).
Funding – Interphone Study [online], interphone.iarc.fr [dostęp 2020-04-19] [zarchiwizowane z adresu 2020-05-03], Cytat: „The funders of the INTERPHONE Study do not have access to any results of the INTERPHONE Study before their publication. They may, however, be informed, together with representatives from other concerned organisations such as consumers’ groups, a maximum of seven days before the publication of the results, under strict terms of confidentiality.”.
Neurosurgeon claims about mobile phones and cancer [online], Australian Centre for RF Bioeffects Research, 8 kwietnia 2008 [zarchiwizowane z adresu 2011-10-09], Cytat: „The review was not published in a peer reviewed journal and presents no new research findings. „While making strong claims that “There is a growing and statistically significant body of evidence that brain tumours…are linked with “heavy” and “prolonged” mobile phone use…”, the review is inexpert and incomplete, containing a number of factual errors. In particular, Khurana fails to consider the relative scientific quality of different studies. This produces an unbalanced analysis of the literature, which is also selective in support of the author’s claims.”.
Christopher Newman, et al. v Motorola, Inc., et al., [1]. “Because no sufficiently reliable and relevant scientific evidence in support of either general or specific causation has been proffered by the plaintiffs, as explained below, the defendants’ motion will be granted and the plaintiffs’ motion will be denied.”.
MartinM.RöösliMartinM., Radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure and non-specific symptoms of ill health: A systematic review, „Environmental Research”, 107 (2), 2008, s. 277–287, DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2008.02.003, ISSN0013-9351 [dostęp 2020-06-04], Cytat: „There was little evidence that short-term exposure to a mobile phone or base station causes symptoms based on the results of eight randomized trials investigating 194 EHS and 346 non-EHS individuals in a laboratory. Some of the trials provided evidence for the occurrence of nocebo effects. [...] This review showed that the large majority of individuals who claims to be able to detect low level RF-EMF are not able to do so under double-blind conditions.”(ang.).
DJD.PanagopoulosDJD. i inni, Cell death induced by GSM 900 MHz and DCS 1800 MHz mobile telephony radiation, „Mutation Research”, 1–2 (626), Elsevier, 2007, s. 69–78, DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.08.008, ISSN0027-5107, PMID: 17045516 [dostęp 2008-01-15], Cytat: Our present results suggest that the decrease in oviposition previously reported, is due to degeneration of large numbers of egg chambers after DNA fragmentation of their constituent cells, induced by both types of mobile telephony radiation. Induced cell death is recorded for the first time, in all types of cells constituting an egg chamber…(ang.).
Joachim Schüz, Rune Jacobsen, Jørgen H. Olsen, John D. Boice, Jr, Joseph K. McLaughlin, Christoffer Johansen. Cellular Telephone Use and Cancer Risk: Update of a Nationwide Danish Cohort. „Journal of the National Cancer Institute”. 98. 23, s. 1707–1713, 2006 grudzień. Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djj464. ISSN0027-8874. PMID: 17148772. OCLC90861566. [dostęp 2008-01-20]. Cytat: Among long-term subscribers of 10 years or more, cellular telephone use was not associated with increased risk for brain tumors..., and there was no trend with time since first subscription. ...CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence for an association between tumor risk and cellular telephone use among either short-term or long-term users. Moreover, the narrow confidence intervals provide evidence that any large association of risk of cancer and cellular telephone use can be excluded..
Brain tumour risk in relation to mobile telephone use: results of the INTERPHONE international case–control study, „International Journal of Epidemiology”, 39 (3), 2010, s. 675–694, DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyq079, ISSN0300-5771 [dostęp 2020-04-19], Cytat: „Funding This work was supported by funding from the European Fifth Framework Program, ‘Quality of Life and Management of Living Resources’ (contract QLK4-CT-1999901563) and the International Union against Cancer (UICC). The UICC received funds for this purpose from the Mobile Manufacturers’ Forum and GSM Association. Provision of funds to the INTERPHONE study investigators via the UICC was governed by agreements that guaranteed INTERPHONE’s complete scientific independence. The terms of these agreements are publicly available at...”(ang.).
Stefan Lönn, Anders Ahlbom, Per Hall, Maria Feychting. Mobile phone use and the risk of acoustic neuroma. „Epidemiology”. 15. 6, s. 653–659, listopad, 2004. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. DOI: 10.1097/01.ede.0000142519.00772.bf. ISSN1044-3983. PMID: 15475713. OCLC44996510. [dostęp 2008-01-08]. Cytat: Conclusions: Our findings do not indicate an increased risk of acoustic neuroma related to short-term mobile phone use after a short latency period. However, our data suggest an increased risk of acoustic neuroma associated with mobile phone use of at least 10 years’ duration.. (ang.).
Akerstedt, TA., T.BB ArnetzAkerstedt, TA., T. i inni, The Effects of 884 MHz GSM Wireless Communication Signals on Self-reported Symptom and Sleep (EEG) – An Experimental Provocation Study, „Neuroscience Letters”, 3 (7), Cambridge, Massachusetts: Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium, 2007, s. 1148–1150, ISSN1931-7360.
COMAR Technical Information Statement: Expert Reviews on Potential Health Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields and Comments on the BioInitiative Report, „Health Physics”, 97 (4), 2009, s. 348–356, DOI: 10.1097/HP.0b013e3181adcb94, ISSN0017-9078 [dostęp 2020-05-13], Cytat: „A major weakness of the BIR is a selective, ratherthan a comprehensive, review of the literature in various topical areas.” „For example, the BIR recommends a generalpublic exposure limit of 0.614 volts per meter forexposure to RF energy, which is a factor of about 100 (interms of field strength) or 10,000 (measured in terms ofincident power density) below present limits that are ineffect in the U.S. and most other countries around theworld. A major weakness of the BIR is the absence of a rationale to support reduction of internationally acceptedRF exposure limits.”(ang.).
Alicja Bortkiewicz, Marek Zmyślony, Agata Szyjkowska, Elzbieta Gadzicka. Subjective symptoms reported by people living in the vicinity of cellular phone base stations: review. „Medycyna pracy”. 55. 4, s. 345–352, 2004. Warsaw: Państwowy Zakład Wydawnictw Lekarskich. ISSN0465-5893. PMID: 15620045. OCLC108011911. BL Shelfmark: 5536.020000.
10.2 Regulations in the United States, [w:] RIADH W.Y.R.W.Y.HABASHRIADH W.Y.R.W.Y., ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND RADIATION. Human bioeffects and safety., [S.l.]: CRC PRESS, s. 271, ISBN 0-367-39654-8, OCLC1111939956 [dostęp 2020-04-13].
RIADH W.Y.R.W.Y.HABASHRIADH W.Y.R.W.Y., ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND RADIATION. Human bioeffects and safety., [S.l.]: CRC PRESS, s. 272, ISBN 0-367-39654-8, OCLC1111939956 [dostęp 2020-04-13].
