Życie (Polish Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Życie" in Polish language version.

refsWebsite

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20google.pl

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15berkeley.edu

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9archive.is

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5webcitation.org

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5worldcat.org

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4nytimes.com

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4pnas.org

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3britannica.com

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2nature.com

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2excite.com

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2astro-ecology.com

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2arizona.edu

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2biocab.org

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2etsu.edu

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2enchantedlearning.com

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2nasa.gov

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abc.net.au

Walking with Dinosaurs – Fact File: Koolasuchus [online], abc.net.au [dostęp 2015-12-13] [zarchiwizowane z adresu 2012-12-31] .

about.com

dinosaurs.about.com

Titanosaurs – The Last of the Sauropods [online], About.com Education [dostęp 2015-12-13] .

archive.is

David Tenenbaum (14 October 2002): When Did Life on Earth Begin? Ask a Rock. Astrobiology Magazine. [dostęp 2015-07-01]. (ang.).
Leslie Mullen (19 czerwca 2002). „Defining Life”.Origin & Evolution of Life. Astrobiology.
Claus Emmeche: Defining Life, Explaining Emergence.. Niels Bohr Institute. [dostęp 2015-07-18].
Can We Define Life.. Colorado Arts & Sciences. [dostęp 2015-07-18]. (ang.).
Pliocene quick guide [online], esd.ornl.gov [dostęp 2016-01-05] [zarchiwizowane z adresu 2012-05-26] .
IUCN – Extinction crisis continues apace [online], iucn.org [dostęp 2016-01-05] [zarchiwizowane z adresu 2013-01-13] .
Emily Baldwin: Lichen survives harsh Mars environment.. Skymania News. [dostęp 2015-08-02]. (ang.).
What is an extinction?. Bristol University. [dostęp 2015-10-13]. (ang.).
Gustavo Caetano-Anollés: Giant Viruses Shake Up Tree of LIfe.. Astrobiology Magazine. [dostęp 2015-07-21]. (ang.).

archive.ph

Walking with Dinosaurs – Fact File: Koolasuchus [online], abc.net.au [dostęp 2015-12-13] [zarchiwizowane z adresu 2012-12-31] .

arizona.edu

phoenix.lpl.arizona.edu

Habitability and Biology: What are the Properties of Life?. The University of Arizona. [dostęp 2015-07-18]. (ang.).
Habitability and Biology: What are the Properties of Life?. The University of Arizona. [dostęp 2015-07-24]. (ang.).

arxiv.org

Charles H.Ch.H. Lineweaver Charles H.Ch.H., YesheY. Fenner YesheY., Brad K.B.K. Gibson Brad K.B.K., The Galactic Habitable Zone and the Age Distribution of Complex Life in the Milky Way, „Science”, 303 (5654), 2004, s. 59–62, DOI: 10.1126/science.1092322, ISSN 0036-8075, arXiv:arXiv:astro-ph/0401024 [dostęp 2021-09-17] .

astro-ecology.com

Michael N. Mautner. Directed panspermia. 3. Strategies and motivation for seeding star-forming clouds. „Journal of the British Interplanetary Society”. 50. s. 93–102.
Michael N. Mautner (2009). „Life-centered ethics, and the human future in space” (PDF). Bioethics 23 (8): s. 433–440.

bc.edu

www2.bc.edu

What is Life?* [online], www2.bc.edu [dostęp 2016-03-06] [zarchiwizowane z adresu 2016-12-20] .

berkeley.edu

ucmp.berkeley.edu

The Paleozoic Era. University of California. [dostęp 2015-11-15].
The Cambrian Period. ucmp.berkeley.edu. [dostęp 2015-11-16].
The Ordovician Period. ucmp.berkeley.edu. [dostęp 2015-11-16].
The Devonian Period. ucmp.berkeley.edu. [dostęp 2015-11-18].
The Carboniferous Period. ucmp.berkeley.edu. [dostęp 2015-11-18].
The Permian Period. ucmp.berkeley.edu. [dostęp 2015-11-19].
The Cretaceous Period [online], ucmp.berkeley.edu [dostęp 2016-01-01] .
The Cenozoic Era [online], ucmp.berkeley.edu [dostęp 2016-01-01] .
The Eocene Epoch [online], ucmp.berkeley.edu [dostęp 2016-01-04] .
The Oligocene Epoch [online], ucmp.berkeley.edu [dostęp 2016-01-05] .
The Miocene Epoch [online], ucmp.berkeley.edu [dostęp 2016-01-05] .
The Pliocene Epoch [online], ucmp.berkeley.edu [dostęp 2016-01-05] .
The Pleistocene Epoch [online], ucmp.berkeley.edu [dostęp 2016-01-05] .
The Holocene Epoch [online], ucmp.berkeley.edu [dostęp 2016-01-05] .
Aristotle – biography.. University of California Museum of Paleontology. [dostęp 2015-08-05]. (ang.).

biocab.org

Nasif Sabag Nahle: Astrobiology. Biology Cabinet Organization. [dostęp 2015-07-21]. (ang.).
Nasif Sabag Nahle: Exobiology.. Biology Cabinet Organization. [dostęp 2015-07-21]. (ang.).

biologydirect.com

E.V. Koonin, T.G. Senkevich, V.V. Dolja. The ancient Virus World and evolution of cells.. „Biology Direct”. 1 (1). s. 29.

bnf.fr

gallica.bnf.fr

Friedrich Wöhler (1828). „Ueber künstliche Bildung des Harnstoffs”. Annalen der Physik und Chemie 88(2): 253–256.

books.google.com

GrahamG. Ryder GrahamG., David E.D.E. Fastovsky David E.D.E., StefanS. Gartner StefanS., The Cretaceous-Tertiary Event and Other Catastrophes in Earth History, Geological Society of America, 1996, ISBN 978-0-8137-2307-5 [dostęp 2015-11-23] (ang.).

britannica.com

Triassic Period, [w:] Encyclopædia Britannica [dostęp 2015-11-22] (ang.).
Jurassic Period, [w:] Encyclopædia Britannica [dostęp 2015-11-23] (ang.).
Paleocene Epoch, [w:] Encyclopædia Britannica [dostęp 2016-01-04] (ang.).

calresco.org

Daniel A. Fiscus: The Ecosystemic Life Hypothesis.. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America. [dostęp 2015-07-22]. (ang.).

cambridge.org

ebooks.cambridge.org

Gerald Joyce: The RNA world: life before DNA and protein. Cambridge University Press, 1995, s. 139–151.

deathreference.com

Definitions of Death – rituals, world, burial, body, funeral, life, history, beliefs, cause, time. deathreference.com. [dostęp 2015-09-27].

doi.org

dx.doi.org

Radosław W.R.W. Piast Radosław W.R.W., Shannon’s information, Bernal’s biopoiesis and Bernoulli distribution as pillars for building a definition of life, „Journal of Theoretical Biology”, 470, 2019, s. 101–107, DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.03.009 [dostęp 2019-04-02] (ang.).
Ronnie N.R.N. Glud Ronnie N.R.N. i inni, High rates of microbial carbon turnover in sediments in the deepest oceanic trench on Earth, „Nature Geoscience”, 6 (4), 2013, s. 284, DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1773, ISSN 1752-0908 [dostęp 2021-09-17] (ang.).
AkihikoA. Nakano AkihikoA., AlbertoA. Luini AlbertoA., Passage through the Golgi, „Current Opinion in Cell Biology”, 22 (4), 2010, s. 471–478, DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2010.05.003, ISSN 0955-0674 [dostęp 2021-09-17] (ang.).
C.R.C.R. Woese C.R.C.R., O.O. Kandler O.O., M.L.M.L. Wheelis M.L.M.L., Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya., „Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America”, 87 (12), 1990, s. 4576–4579, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576, PMID: 2112744, PMCID: PMC54159 [dostęp 2021-09-17] .
Sina M.S.M. Adl Sina M.S.M. i inni, The New Higher Level Classification of Eukaryotes with Emphasis on the Taxonomy of Protists, „Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology”, 52 (5), 2005, s. 399–451, DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x, ISSN 1550-7408 [dostęp 2021-09-17] (ang.).
Charles H.Ch.H. Lineweaver Charles H.Ch.H., YesheY. Fenner YesheY., Brad K.B.K. Gibson Brad K.B.K., The Galactic Habitable Zone and the Age Distribution of Complex Life in the Milky Way, „Science”, 303 (5654), 2004, s. 59–62, DOI: 10.1126/science.1092322, ISSN 0036-8075, arXiv:arXiv:astro-ph/0401024 [dostęp 2021-09-17] .

elsevier.com

linkinghub.elsevier.com

Radosław W.R.W. Piast Radosław W.R.W., Shannon’s information, Bernal’s biopoiesis and Bernoulli distribution as pillars for building a definition of life, „Journal of Theoretical Biology”, 470, 2019, s. 101–107, DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.03.009 [dostęp 2019-04-02] (ang.).

enchantedlearning.com

Late Triassic Dinosaurs – ZoomDinosaurs.com [online], enchantedlearning.com [dostęp 2015-11-23] .
Mid-Jurassic Dinosaurs – ZoomDinosaurs.com [online], enchantedlearning.com [dostęp 2015-12-12] .

etsu.edu

faculty.etsu.edu

Donald G. Luttermoser, „” (PDF).: Astronomy II Course Lecture Notes Section XII.. East Tennessee State University. [dostęp 2015-07-21]. (ang.).
Donald G. Luttermoser: Physics 2028: Great Ideas in Science: The Exobiology Module.. East Tennessee State University. [dostęp 2105-07-21]. (ang.).

excite.com

apnews.excite.com

Seth Borenstein: Oldest fossil found: Meet your microbial mom. Associated Press. [dostęp 2015-06-29]. (ang.).
Seth Borenstein: Hints of life on what was thought to be desolate early Earth. Excite. [dostęp 2015-11-13]. (ang.).

geocraft.com

Climate during the Carboniferous Period. geocraft.com. [dostęp 2015-11-18].

google.pl

books.google.pl

Peter Hamilton Raven, George Brooks Johnson: Biology. McGraw-Hill Education, s. 68. ISBN 978-0-07-112261-0.
W.E. Kunin, Kevin Gaston: The Biology of Rarity: Causes and consequences of rare–common differences.. 1996. ISBN 978-0412633805.
Beverly Peterson Stearns, S.C. Stearns: Watching, from the Edge of Extinction. Yale University Press, 2000, s. 1921. ISBN 978-0-300-08469-6.
G. Miller, Scott Spoolman: Environmental Science – Biodiversity Is a Crucial Part of the Earth’s Natural Capital.. Cengage Learning, 2012, s. 62. ISBN 1-133-70787-4.
Stuart Kaufmann, John D. Barrow, P.C.W. Davies: Science and Ultimate Reality: Quantum Theory, Cosmology, and Complexity. Cambridge University Press, 2004, s. 654–666. ISBN 0-521-83113-X.
James Lovelock: GAIA – A new look at life on Earth.. Oxford University Press, 1979. ISBN 0-19-286030-5.
Harold J. Morowitz: Beginnings of cellular life: metabolism recapitulates biogenesis.. Yale University Press, 1992. ISBN 0-300-05483-1.
Robert W. Ulanowicz, Robert E. Ulanowicz: A third window: natural life beyond Newton and Darwin.. Templeton Foundation Press, 2009. ISBN 1-59947-154-X.
Clare Milsom, Sue Rigby: Fossils at a Glance (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, 2009, s. 134. ISBN 1-4051-9336-0.
Periannan Senapathy: Independent birth of organisms.. Madison: Genome Press, 1994. ISBN 0-9641304-0-8.
Manfred Eigen, Ruthild Winkler: Steps towards life: a perspective on evolution.. Oxford University Press, 1992, s. 31. ISBN 0-19-854751-X.
Scott Neuhaus: Handbook for the Deep Ecologist: What Everyone Should Know About Self, the Environment, And the Planet. 2005, s. 23–50. ISBN 0-595-35789-X.
Jan Sapp: Genesis: The Evolution of Biology.. Oxford University Press, 2003, s. 75–78. ISBN 0-19-515619-6.
Joseph Panno: The Cell. Facts on File science library.. Infobase Publishing, 2004, s. 60–70. ISBN 0-8160-6736-8.
Douglas A. Vakoch, Albert A. Harrison: Civilizations beyond Earth: extraterrestrial life and society.. Berghahn Books, 2011, s. 37–41.
Frank Selis: Lectures in Astrobiology 2. Springer, s. 210–214. ISBN 3-540-33692-3.
Thagard Paul: The Cognitive Science of Science: Explanation, Discovery, and Conceptual Change.. MIT Press, 2012, s. 204–205. ISBN 0-262-01728-8.
Don Marietta: Introduction to ancient philosophy. M. E. Sharpe. 1998, s. 104. ISBN 0-7656-0216-4.
Steve Stewart-Williams: Darwin, God and the meaning of life: how evolutionary theory undermines everything you thought you knew of life.. Cambridge University Press, 2010, s. 193–194. ISBN 0-521-76278-2.
Anson Rabinbach: The Human Motor: Energy, Fatigue, and the Origins of Modernity.. University of California Press, 1992, s. 124–125. ISBN 0-520-07827-6.

ihmc.us

cmapsnasacmex.ihmc.us

„Essential requirements for life”. CMEX-NASA. [dostęp 2015-08-01]. (ang.).

iucn.org

IUCN – Extinction crisis continues apace [online], iucn.org [dostęp 2016-01-05] [zarchiwizowane z adresu 2013-01-13] .

jameslovelock.org

James Lovelock: Geophysiology. [zarchiwizowane z tego adresu (2007-05-06)]. (ang.).

jbsdonline.com

Edward N. Trifonov. Definition of Life: Navigation through Uncertainties.. „Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics”. 29 (4), s. 647–650. Adenine Press.

liebertpub.com

online.liebertpub.com

Nora Noffke, Daniel Christian, David Wacey, Robert M. Hazen: Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures Recording an Ancient Ecosystem in the ca. 3.48 Billion-Year-Old Dresser Formation, Pilbara, Western Australia. Astrobiology 13 (12): s. 1103–1124.. [dostęp 2015-06-29]. (ang.).

liebertpub.com

A. Tsokolov, Serhiy A. (maj 2009). „Why Is the Definition of Life So Elusive? Epistemological Considerations” (PDF). Astrobiology Journal 9 (4).

livescience.com

Charles Q. Choi: Microbes Thrive in Deepest Spot on Earth. LiveScience. [dostęp 2015-08-02]. (ang.).
Becky Oskin: Life Thrives in Ocean Floor. LiveScience. [dostęp 2015-08-02]. (ang.).

lyellcollection.org

sp.lyellcollection.org

G. BrentG.B. Dalrymple G. BrentG.B., The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved, „Special Publications, Geological Society of London”, 190 (1), 2001, s. 205–221 [dostęp 2016-03-06] (ang.).

mollyyoungbrown.com

Patterns, Flows, and Interrelationship – Molly Young Brown [online], mollyyoungbrown.com [dostęp 2015-12-29] .

nasa.gov

John Steigerwald: NASA Researchers: DNA Building Blocks Can Be Made in Space. NASA. [dostęp 2015-08-01].
Ruth Marlaire: NASA Ames Reproduces the Building Blocks of Life in Laboratory. NASA. [dostęp 2015-08-01]. (ang.).

nationalgeographic.com

science.nationalgeographic.com

Paleogene Period, Cenozoic Era Information, Prehistoric Facts -- National Geographic [online], National Geographic [dostęp 2016-01-05] .

nature.com

Yoko Ohtomo, Takeshi Kakegawa, Akizumi Ishida, Toshiro Nagase, Minik T. Rosing: Evidence for biogenic graphite in early Archaean Isua metasedimentary rocks. Nature Geoscience. [dostęp 2015-06-29]. (ang.).
Ronnie N.R.N. Glud Ronnie N.R.N. i inni, High rates of microbial carbon turnover in sediments in the deepest oceanic trench on Earth, „Nature Geoscience”, 6 (4), 2013, s. 284, DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1773, ISSN 1752-0908 [dostęp 2021-09-17] (ang.).

nbcnews.com

Carl Zimmer: Can scientists define ‘life’ ... using just three words?. NBC News. [dostęp 2015-07-19]. (ang.).

ncahf.org

„NCAHF position paper on Homeopathy”. National Council Against Health Fraud; luty 1994.

newscientist.com

Rachel Courtland: Did newborn Earth harbour life?. New Scientist. [dostęp 2015-07-01]. (ang.).

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Chris P. McKay (14 września 2004). „What Is Life–and How Do We Search for It in Other Worlds?”. Public Library of Science – Biology 2 (9): s. 302.
T.R. Cech. The RNA Worlds in Context.. „Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol.”. 4 (7).
Tracey A. Lincoln, Gerald F. Joyce. Self-Sustained Replication of an RNA Enzyme. „Science”. 323 (5918), s. 1229–1332, 2015-08-01.
Gerald F. Joyce. Evolution in an RNA world. „Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology”. 74, s. 17–23, 2009-08-10.
W. Whitman, D. Coleman, W. Wiebe. Prokaryotes: The unseen majority. „Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America”. 95 (12), s. 6578–6583, 1998.
Bruce Alberts: From Single Cells to Multicellular Organisms. Molecular Biology of the Cell (3rd ed.).. Nowy Jork: Garland Science, 1994. ISBN 0-8153-1620-8.
Bruce Alberts: „General Principles of Cell Communication”. Molecular Biology of the Cell.. Nowy Jork: Garland Science, 2002. ISBN 0-8153-3218-1.
C.R.C.R. Woese C.R.C.R., O.O. Kandler O.O., M.L.M.L. Wheelis M.L.M.L., Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya., „Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America”, 87 (12), 1990, s. 4576–4579, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576, PMID: 2112744, PMCID: PMC54159 [dostęp 2021-09-17] .
Patrick Forterre (3 marca 2010). „Defining Life: The Virus Viewpoint”. Orig Life Evol Biosph. 40 (2): 151–160.

nobelprize.org

„Scientific background”. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009. Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. [dostęp 2015-08-02].

nytimes.com

Michael J. Novacek: Prehistory’s Brilliant Future. New York Times. [dostęp 2015-07-01]. (ang.).
Dennis Overbye: Cassini Seeks Insights to Life in Plumes of Enceladus, Saturn’s Icy Moon. The New York Times. [dostęp 2015-10-28]. (ang.).
CarlC. Zimmer CarlC., Genetic Flip Helped Organisms Go From One Cell to Many, „The New York Times”, 7 stycznia 2016, ISSN 0362-4331 [dostęp 2016-01-09] .
Nicholas Wade: Geological Team Lays Claim to Oldest Known Fossils. The New York Times, 2011-08-21. [dostęp 2015-11-14]. (ang.).

ornl.gov

esd.ornl.gov

Pliocene quick guide [online], esd.ornl.gov [dostęp 2016-01-05] [zarchiwizowane z adresu 2012-05-26] .

palaeos.com

Palaeos Mesozoic: Triassic: The Triassic Period [online], palaeos.com [dostęp 2015-11-22] [zarchiwizowane z adresu 2015-04-27] .
Palaeos Mesozoic: Triassic: Middle Triassic [online], palaeos.com [dostęp 2015-11-23] .
Early Jurassic Period – The Lias epoch [online], palaeos.com [dostęp 2015-12-12] .

plos.org

journals.plos.org

E.C. Holmes (październik 2007). „Viral evolution in the genomic age”. PLoS Biol. 5 (10): s. 278.

pnas.org

Cech Thomas R.. A model for the RNA-catalyzed replication of RNA. „Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA”. 83 (12). s. 4360–4363.
Matthew A. Pasek, R. Buick, M. Gull, Z. Atlas. Evidence for reactive reduced phosphorus species in the early Archean ocean. „PNAS”. 110 (25), s. 10089–10094, 2013-06-18.
Callahan; Smith, K.E.; Cleaves, H.J.; Ruzica, J.; Stern, J.C.; Glavin, D.P.; House, C.H.; Dworkin, J.P: Carbonaceous meteorites contain a wide range of extraterrestrial nucleobases. PNAS. [dostęp 2015-08-01]. (ang.).
C.R.C.R. Woese C.R.C.R., O.O. Kandler O.O., M.L.M.L. Wheelis M.L.M.L., Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya., „Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America”, 87 (12), 1990, s. 4576–4579, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576, PMID: 2112744, PMCID: PMC54159 [dostęp 2021-09-17] .

pwn.pl

encyklopedia.pwn.pl

życie, [w:] Encyklopedia PWN [online], Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN [dostęp 2020-02-29] .

stareaneksy.pwn.pl

życie. Aneksy PWN: Słownik terminów biologicznych.

reference.com

dictionary.reference.com

the definition of artificial-life. Dictionary.com. [dostęp 2015-11-14].

reuters.com

Julie Steenhuysen: Study turns back clock on origins of life on Earth. Reuters. [dostęp 2015-07-01]. (ang.).

sciencedaily.com

DNA Building Blocks Can Be Made in Space, NASA Evidence Suggests. Science Daily. [dostęp 2015-08-01]. (ang.).

sciencedirect.com

AkihikoA. Nakano AkihikoA., AlbertoA. Luini AlbertoA., Passage through the Golgi, „Current Opinion in Cell Biology”, 22 (4), 2010, s. 471–478, DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2010.05.003, ISSN 0955-0674 [dostęp 2021-09-17] (ang.).

sciencemag.org

Koshland, Jr., Daniel E. (22 March 2002). „The Seven Pillars of Life”. Science 295 (5563): s. 2215–2216.

sdnhm.org

Frequently asked questions. San Diego Natural History Museum. [dostęp 2015-11-14]. (ang.).

springer.com

link.springer.com

Enzo Gallori. Astrochemistry and the origin of genetic material. „Rendiconti Lincei”. 22 (2), s. 113–118, 2010-11.
G.A.M. King. Symbiosis and the origin of life. „Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres”. 8 (1), s. 39–53, 1977-04.

stratigraphy.org

International Chronostratigraphic Chart v 2015/01 [online], 2015 [dostęp 2015-12-30] (ang.).

ucsc.edu

news.ucsc.edu

Daniel Strain: Icy moons of Saturn and Jupiter may have conditions needed for life.. The University of Santa Cruz. [dostęp 2015-08-11]. (ang.).

uct.ac.za

mcb.uct.ac.za

Ed Rybicki: Origins of Viruses.. [dostęp 2015-07-21]. [zarchiwizowane z tego adresu (2015-07-20)]. (ang.).

uni-karlsruhe.de

rz.uni-karlsruhe.de

P.M. Lintilhac. Thinking of biology: toward a theory of cellularity–speculations on the nature of the living cell. „BioScience”. 49 (1), s. 59–68, 1999-01. [zarchiwizowane z adresu].

universetoday.com

What Was The Impact That Killed The Dinosaurs? – Universe Today [online], Universe Today [dostęp 2016-01-01] (ang.).

usgs.gov

pubs.usgs.gov

Age of the Earth. U.S. Geological Survey. (ang.).
Geologic Time: Age of the Earth [online], pubs.usgs.gov [dostęp 2016-03-06] .

usra.edu

lpi.usra.edu

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