References analysis of the Wikipedia article "Antioxidante" in the Portuguese version

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Baillie, J.K.; Thompson, A.A.R.; Irving, J.B.; Bates, M.G.D.; Sutherland, A.I.; MacNee, W.; Maxwell, S.R.J.; Webb, D.J. (2009). «Oral antioxidant supplementation does not prevent acute mountain sickness: double blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial». QJM. 102 (5): 341–8. PMID 19273551. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcp026

Bjelakovic G; Nikolova, D; Gluud, LL; Simonetti, RG; Gluud, C (2007). «Mortality in randomized trials of antioxidant supplements for primary and secondary prevention: systematic review and meta-analysis». JAMA. 297 (8): 842–57. PMID 17327526. doi:10.1001/jama.297.8.842

(em inglês) Werner Dabelstein, Arno Reglitzky, Andrea Schütze and Klaus Reders "Automotive Fuels" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2007, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.doi:10.1002/14356007.a16_719.pub2

Benzie, I (2003). «Evolution of dietary antioxidants». Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. 136 (1): 113–26. PMID 14527634. doi:10.1016/S1095-6433(02)00368-9

Venturi, Sebastiano; Donati, Francesco M.; Venturi, Alessandro; Venturi, Mattia (2000). «Environmental Iodine Deficiency: A Challenge to the Evolution of Terrestrial Life?». Thyroid. 10 (8): 727–9. PMID 11014322. doi:10.1089/10507250050137851

Mattill, H A (1947). «Antioxidants». Annual Review of Biochemistry. 16: 177–92. PMID 20259061. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.16.070147.001141

German, JB (1999). «Food processing and lipid oxidation». Advances in experimental medicine and biology. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 459: 23–50. ISBN 978-0-306-46051-7. PMID 10335367. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4853-9_3

Vertuani, Silvia; Angusti, Angela; Manfredini, Stefano (2004). «The Antioxidants and Pro-Antioxidants Network: An Overview». Current Pharmaceutical Design. 10 (14): 1677–94. PMID 15134565. doi:10.2174/1381612043384655

Rhee, S. G. (2006). «CELL SIGNALING: H2O2, a Necessary Evil for Cell Signaling». Science. 312 (5782): 1882–3. PMID 16809515. doi:10.1126/science.1130481

Valko, M; Leibfritz, D; Moncol, J; Cronin, M; Mazur, M; Telser, J (2007). «Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease». The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 39 (1): 44–84. PMID 16978905. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2006.07.001

Stohs, S; Bagchi, D (1995). «Oxidative mechanisms in the toxicity of metal ions». Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 18 (2): 321–36. PMID 7744317. doi:10.1016/0891-5849(94)00159-H

Nakabeppu, Yusaku; Sakumi, Kunihiko; Sakamoto, Katsumi; Tsuchimoto, Daisuke; Tsuzuki, Teruhisa; Nakatsu, Yoshimichi (2006). «Mutagenesis and carcinogenesis caused by the oxidation of nucleic acids». Biological Chemistry. 387 (4): 373–9. PMID 16606334. doi:10.1515/BC.2006.050

Valko, Marian; Izakovic, Mario; Mazur, Milan; Rhodes, Christopher J.; Telser, Joshua (2004). «Role of oxygen radicals in DNA damage and cancer incidence». Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 266 (1–2): 37–56. PMID 15646026. doi:10.1023/B:MCBI.0000049134.69131.89

Stadtman, E. (1992). «Protein oxidation and aging». Science. 257 (5074): 1220–4. PMID 1355616. doi:10.1126/science.1355616

Raha, S; Robinson, BH (2000). «Mitochondria, oxygen free radicals, disease and ageing». Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 25 (10): 502–8. PMID 11050436. doi:10.1016/S0968-0004(00)01674-1

Lenaz, Giorgio (2001). «The Mitochondrial Production of Reactive Oxygen Species: Mechanisms and Implications in Human Pathology». IUBMB Life. 52 (3–5): 159–64. PMID 11798028. doi:10.1080/15216540152845957

Finkel, Toren; Holbrook, Nikki J. (2000). «Oxidants, oxidative stress and the biology of ageing». Nature. 408 (6809): 239–47. PMID 11089981. doi:10.1038/35041687

Hirst, Judy; King, Martin S.; Pryde, Kenneth R. (2008). «The production of reactive oxygen species by complex I». Biochemical Society Transactions. 36 (5): 976–80. doi:10.1042/BST0360976

Seaver, L. C.; Imlay, JA (2004). «Are Respiratory Enzymes the Primary Sources of Intracellular Hydrogen Peroxide?». Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (47): 48742–50. PMID 15361522. doi:10.1074/jbc.M408754200

Imlay, James A. (2003). «Pathways Ofoxidativedamage». Annual Review of Microbiology. 57: 395–418. PMID 14527285. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.57.030502.090938

Demmig-Adams, B.; Adams Ww, 3rd (2002). «Antioxidants in Photosynthesis and Human Nutrition». Science. 298 (5601): 2149–53. PMID 12481128. doi:10.1126/science.1078002

Krieger-Liszkay, A. (2004). «Singlet oxygen production in photosynthesis». Journal of Experimental Botany. 56 (411): 337–46. PMID 15310815. doi:10.1093/jxb/erh237

Szabó, Ildikó; Bergantino, Elisabetta; Giacometti, Giorgio Mario (2005). «Light and oxygenic photosynthesis: Energy dissipation as a protection mechanism against photo-oxidation». EMBO reports. 6 (7): 629–34. PMC 1369118

. PMID 15995679. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400460

Kerfeld, C (2004). «Water-soluble carotenoid proteins of cyanobacteria». Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 430 (1): 2–9. PMID 15325905. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2004.03.018

Chaudiere, J; Ferrari-Iliou, R (1999). «Intracellular Antioxidants: From Chemical to Biochemical Mechanisms». Food and Chemical Toxicology. 37 (9–10): 949–62. PMID 10541450. doi:10.1016/S0278-6915(99)00090-3

Sies, Helmut (1993). «Strategies of antioxidant defense». European Journal of Biochemistry. 215 (2): 213–9. PMID 7688300. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18025.x

Ames B, Cathcart R, Schwiers E, Hochstein P (1981). «Uric acid provides an antioxidant defense in humans against oxidant- and radical-caused aging and cancer: a hypothesis». Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 78 (11): 6858–62. PMC 349151

. PMID 6947260. doi:10.1073/pnas.78.11.6858

Evelson, P; Travacio, M; Repetto, M; Escobar, J; Llesuy, S; Lissi, EA (2001). «Evaluation of Total Reactive Antioxidant Potential (TRAP) of Tissue Homogenates and Their Cytosols». Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 388 (2): 261–6. PMID 11368163. doi:10.1006/abbi.2001.2292

Morrison, John A.; Jacobsen, Donald W.; Sprecher, Dennis L.; Robinson, Killian; Khoury, Philip; Daniels, Stephen R. (1999). «Serum glutathione in adolescent males predicts parental coronary heart disease». Circulation. 100 (22): 2244–7. PMID 10577998. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.100.22.2244

Akiba, S; Matsugo, S; Packer, L; Konishi, T (1998). «Assay of Protein-Bound Lipoic Acid in Tissues by a New Enzymatic Method». Analytical Biochemistry. 258 (2): 299–304. PMID 9570844. doi:10.1006/abio.1998.2615

Glantzounis, G. K.; Tsimoyiannis, E. C.; Kappas, A. M.; Galaris, D. A. (2005). «Uric Acid and Oxidative Stress». Current Pharmaceutical Design. 11 (32): 4145–51. PMID 16375736. doi:10.2174/138161205774913255

Stahl, W; Schwarz, W; Sundquist, AR; Sies, H (1992). «cis-trans isomers of lycopene and ?-carotene in human serum and tissues». Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 294 (1): 173–7. PMID 1550343. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(92)90153-N

Zita, ČEstmír; Overvad, Kim; Mortensen, Svend Aage; Sindberg, Christian Dan; Moesgaard, Sven; Hunter, Douglas A. (2003). «Serum coenzyme Q10concentrations in healthy men supplemented with 30 mg or 100 mg coenzyme Q10 for two months in a randomised controlled study». BioFactors. 18 (1–4): 185–93. PMID 14695934. doi:10.1002/biof.5520180221

Turunen, Mikael; Olsson, Jerker; Dallner, Gustav (2004). «Metabolism and function of coenzyme Q». Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1660 (1–2): 171–99. PMID 14757233. doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2003.11.012

Enomoto, Atsushi; Endou, Hitoshi (2005). «Roles of organic anion transporters (OATs) and a urate transporter (URAT1) in the pathophysiology of human disease». Clinical and Experimental Nephrology. 9 (3): 195–205. PMID 16189627. doi:10.1007/s10157-005-0368-5

Wu, X.; Lee, CC; Muzny, DM; Caskey, CT (1989). «Urate Oxidase: Primary Structure and Evolutionary Implications». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 86 (23): 9412–6. PMC 298506

. PMID 2594778. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.23.9412

Wu, Xiangwei; Muzny, Donna M.; Chi Lee, Cheng; Thomas Caskey, C. (1992). «Two independent mutational events in the loss of urate oxidase during hominoid evolution». Journal of Molecular Evolution. 34 (1): 78–84. PMID 1556746. doi:10.1007/BF00163854

Alvarez-Lario, B.; Macarron-Vicente, J. (2010). «Uric acid and evolution». Rheumatology. 49 (11): 2010–5. PMID 20627967. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keq204

Watanabe, S.; Kang, DH; Feng, L; Nakagawa, T; Kanellis, J; Lan, H; Mazzali, M; Johnson, RJ (2002). «Uric Acid, Hominoid Evolution, and the Pathogenesis of Salt-Sensitivity». Hypertension. 40 (3): 355–60. PMID 12215479. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000028589.66335.AA

Baillie, J. K.; Bates, M. G. D.; Thompson, A. A. R.; Waring, W. S.; Partridge, R. W.; Schnopp, M. F.; Simpson, A.; Gulliver-Sloan, F.; Maxwell, S. R. J. (2007). «Endogenous Urate Production Augments Plasma Antioxidant Capacity in Healthy Lowland Subjects Exposed to High Altitude». Chest. 131 (5): 1473–8. PMID 17494796. doi:10.1378/chest.06-2235

Santos, C; Anjos, EI; Augusto, O (1999). «Uric Acid Oxidation by Peroxynitrite: Multiple Reactions, Free Radical Formation, and Amplification of Lipid Oxidation». Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 372 (2): 285–94. PMID 10600166. doi:10.1006/abbi.1999.1491

Scott, G. S. (2002). «Therapeutic intervention in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by administration of uric acid precursors». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 99 (25): 16303–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.212645999

Fuhua Peng, F; Bin Zhang, B; Xiufeng Zhong, X; Jin Li, J; Guihong Xu, G; Xueqiang Hu, X; Wei Qiu, W; Zhong Pei, Z (2007). «Serum uric acid levels of patients with multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases». Multiple Sclerosis. 14 (2): 188–96. PMID 17942520. doi:10.1177/1352458507082143

Massa, Jennifer; O’Reilly, E.; Munger, K. L.; Delorenze, G. N.; Ascherio, A. (2009). «Serum uric acid and risk of multiple sclerosis». Journal of Neurology. 256 (10): 1643–8. PMC 2834535

. PMID 19468784. doi:10.1007/s00415-009-5170-y

Amorini, Angela M.; Petzold, Axel; Tavazzi, Barbara; Eikelenboom, Judith; Keir, Geoffrey; Belli, Antonio; Giovannoni, Gavin; Di Pietro, Valentina; Polman, Chris (2009). «Increase of uric acid and purine compounds in biological fluids of multiple sclerosis patients». Clinical Biochemistry. 42 (10–11): 1001–6. PMID 19341721. doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.03.020

Becker, B (1993). «Towards the physiological function of uric acid». Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 14 (6): 615–31. PMID 8325534. doi:10.1016/0891-5849(93)90143-I

Sautin, Yuri; Johnson, Richard (2008). «Uric Acid: The Oxidant-Antioxidant Paradox». Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids. 27 (6): 608–19. doi:10.1080/15257770802138558

Campion, E; Glynn, RJ; Delabry, LO (1987). «Asymptomatic hyperuricemia. Risks and consequences in the normative aging study*1». The American Journal of Medicine. 82 (3): 421–6. PMID 3826098. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(87)90441-4

Nazarewicz, Rafal R.; Ziolkowski, Wieslaw; Vaccaro, Patrick S.; Ghafourifar, Pedram (2007). «Effect of Short-Term Ketogenic Diet on Redox Status of Human Blood». Rejuvenation Research. 10 (4): 435–40. PMID 17663642. doi:10.1089/rej.2007.0540

Dimitroula, Hariklia V.; Hatzitolios, Apostolos I.; Karvounis, Haralambos I. (2008). «The Role of Uric Acid in Stroke». The Neurologist. 14 (4): 238–42. PMID 18617849. doi:10.1097/NRL.0b013e31815c666b

Strazzullo, P; Puig, J (2007). «Uric acid and oxidative stress: Relative impact on cardiovascular risk». Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 17 (6): 409–14. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2007.02.011

Smirnoff, Nicholas (2001). «L-Ascorbic acid biosynthesis». Vitamins and hormones. Vitamins & Hormones. 61: 241–66. ISBN 9780127098616. PMID 11153268. doi:10.1016/S0083-6729(01)61008-2

Linster, Carole L.; Van Schaftingen, Emile (2007). «Vitamin C». FEBS Journal. 274 (1): 1–22. PMID 17222174. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05607.x

Shigeoka, S.; Ishikawa, T; Tamoi, M; Miyagawa, Y; Takeda, T; Yabuta, Y; Yoshimura, K (2002). «Regulation and function of ascorbate peroxidase isoenzymes». Journal of Experimental Botany. 53 (372): 1305–19. PMID 11997377. doi:10.1093/jexbot/53.372.1305

Smirnoff, Nicholas; Wheeler, Glen L. (2000). «Ascorbic Acid in Plants: Biosynthesis and Function». Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 35 (4): 291–314. PMID 11005203. doi:10.1080/10409230008984166

Meister, A; Anderson, M E (1983). «Glutathione». Annual Review of Biochemistry. 52: 711–60. PMID 6137189. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.52.070183.003431

Gaballa A (2010). «Biosynthesis and functions of bacillithiol, a major low-molecular-weight thiol in Bacilli». Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107 (14): 6482–6. PMC 2851989

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Gerald L Newton; Mamta Rawat; James J La Clair; Vishnu Karthik Jothivasan; Tanya Budiarto; Chris J Hamilton; Al Claiborne; John D Helmann; Robert C Fahey (setembro de 2009). «Bacillithiol is an antioxidant thiol produced in Bacilli». Nature chemical biology. 5 (9): 625–627. ISSN 1552-4450. PMID 19578333. doi:10.1038/nchembio.189

Fahey, Robert C. (2001). «Novelthiols Ofprokaryotes». Annual Review of Microbiology. 55: 333–56. PMID 11544359. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.55.1.333

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Tan, Dun-Xian; Manchester, Lucien C.; Terron, Maria P.; Flores, Luis J.; Reiter, Russel J. (2007). «One molecule, many derivatives: A never-ending interaction of melatonin with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species?». Journal of Pineal Research. 42 (1): 28–42. PMID 17198536. doi:10.1111/j.1600-079X.2006.00407.x

Reiter, Russel J.; Paredes, Sergio D.; Manchester, Lucien C.; Tan, Dan-Xian (2009). «Reducing oxidative/nitrosative stress: A newly-discovered genre for melatonin». Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 44 (4): 175–200. PMID 19635037. doi:10.1080/10409230903044914

Tan, Dun-Xian; Manchester, Lucien C.; Reiter, Russel J.; Qi, Wen-Bo; Karbownik, Malgorzata; Calvo, Juan R. (2000). «Significance of Melatonin in Antioxidative Defense System: Reactions and Products». Neurosignals. 9 (3–4): 137–59. PMID 10899700. doi:10.1159/000014635

Herrera, E.; Barbas, C. (2001). «Vitamin E: Action, metabolism and perspectives». Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry. 57 (2): 43–56. PMID 11579997. doi:10.1007/BF03179812

Traber, Maret G.; Atkinson, Jeffrey (2007). «Vitamin E, antioxidant and nothing more». Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 43 (1): 4–15. PMC 2040110

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Seiler, Alexander; Schneider, Manuela; Förster, Heidi; Roth, Stephan; Wirth, Eva K.; Culmsee, Carsten; Plesnila, Nikolaus; Kremmer, Elisabeth; Rådmark, Olof (2008). «Glutathione Peroxidase 4 Senses and Translates Oxidative Stress into 12/15-Lipoxygenase Dependent- and AIF-Mediated Cell Death». Cell Metabolism. 8 (3): 237–48. PMID 18762024. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2008.07.005

Brigelius-Flohé, Regina; Davies, Kelvin J.A. (2007). «Is vitamin E an antioxidant, a regulator of signal transduction and gene expression, or a 'junk' food? Comments on the two accompanying papers: 'Molecular mechanism of α-tocopherol action' by A. Azzi and 'Vitamin E, antioxidant and nothing more' by M. Traber and J. Atkinson». Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 43 (1): 2–3. PMID 17561087. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.05.016

Atkinson, Jeffrey; Epand, Raquel F.; Epand, Richard M. (2008). «Tocopherols and tocotrienols in membranes: A critical review». Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 44 (5): 739–64. PMID 18160049. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.11.010

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Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Gluud L, Simonetti R, Gluud C (2007). «Mortality in Randomized Trials of Antioxidant Supplements for Primary and Secondary Prevention: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis». JAMA. 297 (8): 842–57. PMID 17327526. doi:10.1001/jama.297.8.842

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