Asma (Portuguese Wikipedia)

Sergel, Michelle J.; Cydulka, Rita K. (Setembro de 2009). «Ch. 75: Asthma». In: Wolfson, Allan B.; Harwood-Nuss, Ann. Harwood-Nuss' Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine 5th ed. [S.l.]: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 432–. ISBN 978-0-7817-8943-1
Manniche L (1999). Sacred luxuries: fragrance, aromatherapy, and cosmetics in ancient Egypt. [S.l.]: Cornell University Press. pp. 49. ISBN 978-0-8014-3720-5

choosingwisely.org (Global: low place; Portuguese: low place)

«Five things physicians and patients should question» (PDF). American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology. Choosing wisely: an initiative of the ABIM Foundation. Consultado em 14 de agosto de 2012. Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 9 de novembro de 2012

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Portuguese: 4^th place)

dx.doi.org

Martinez F. D. (2007). «Genes, environments, development and asthma: a reappraisal». European Respiratory Journal. 29 (1): 179–84. PMID 17197483. doi:10.1183/09031936.00087906
Lemanske, R. F.; Busse, W. W. (Fevereiro de 2010). «Asthma: clinical expression and molecular mechanisms». J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 125 (2 Suppl 2): S95–102. PMC 2853245. PMID 20176271. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.047
GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence, Collaborators. (8 de outubro de 2016). «Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.». Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6
GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators. (8 de outubro de 2016). «Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.». Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. PMID 27733281. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1
Yawn BP (Setembro de 2008). «Factors accounting for asthma variability: achieving optimal symptom control for individual patients» (PDF). Primary Care Respiratory Journal. 17 (3): 138–147. PMID 18264646. doi:10.3132/pcrj.2008.00004. Cópia arquivada em 4 de março de 2010
Moore WC, Pascual RM (Junho de 2010). «Update in asthma 2009». American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 181 (11): 1181–7. PMC 3269238. PMID 20516492. doi:10.1164/rccm.201003-0321UP
Delacourt, C (Junho de 2004). «Conséquences bronchiques de l'asthme non traité» [Bronchial changes in untreated asthma]. Archives de Pédiatrie. 11 (Suppl. 2): 71s–73s. PMID 15301800. doi:10.1016/S0929-693X(04)90003-6
Werner, HA (Junho de 2001). «Status asthmaticus in children: a review». Chest. 119 (6): 1596–1607. PMID 11399724. doi:10.1378/chest.119.6.1913
Shiber JR, Santana J (Maio de 2006). «Dyspnea». Med. Clin. North Am. 90 (3): 453–79. PMID 16473100. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2005.11.006
Shah, R; Saltoun, CA (Maio–Junho de 2012). «Chapter 14: Acute severe asthma (status asthmaticus)». Allergy and asthma proceedings: the official journal of regional and state allergy societies. 33 Suppl 1 (3): S47–50. PMID 22794687. doi:10.2500/aap.2012.33.3547
Khan, DA (janeiro–fevereiro de 2012). «Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: burden and prevalence». Allergy and asthma proceedings: the official journal of regional and state allergy societies. 33 (1): 1–6. PMID 22370526. doi:10.2500/aap.2012.33.3507
Carlsen, KH; Anderson, SD; Bjermer, L; Bonini, S; Brusasco, V; Canonica, W; Cummiskey, J; Delgado, L; Del Giacco, SR; Drobnic, F; Haahtela, T; Larsson, K; Palange, P; Popov, T; van Cauwenberge, P (Maio de 2008). «Treatment of exercise-induced asthma, respiratory and allergic disorders in sports and the relationship to doping: Part II of the report from the Joint Task Force of European Respiratory Society (ERS) and European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) in cooperation with GA(2)LEN». European Respiratory, Society; European Academy of Allergy and Clinical, Immunology; GA(2)LEN. Allergy. 63 (5): 492–505. PMID 18394123. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01663.x
Kindermann, W (2007). «Do inhaled beta(2)-agonists have an ergogenic potential in non-asthmatic competitive athletes?». Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.). 37 (2): 95–102. PMID 17241101. doi:10.2165/00007256-200737020-00001
Pluim, BM; de Hon, O; Staal, JB; Limpens, J; Kuipers, H; Overbeek, SE; Zwinderman, AH; Scholten, RJ (Janeiro de 2011). «β₂-Agonists and physical performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials». Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.). 41 (1): 39–57. PMID 21142283. doi:10.2165/11537540-000000000-00000
Baur, X; Aasen, TB; Burge, PS; Heederik, D; Henneberger, PK; Maestrelli, P; Schlünssen, V; Vandenplas, O; Wilken, D; ERS Task Force on the Management of Work-related, Asthma (1 de Junho de 2012). «The management of work-related asthma guidelines: a broader perspective». European Respiratory Review. 21 (124): 125–39. PMID 22654084. doi:10.1183/09059180.00004711
Boulet LP (Abril de 2009). «Influence of comorbid conditions on asthma». European Respiratory Journal. 33 (4): 897–906. PMID 19336592. doi:10.1183/09031936.00121308
Boulet, LP; Boulay, MÈ (Junho de 2011). «Asthma-related comorbidities». Expert review of respiratory medicine. 5 (3): 377–93. PMID 21702660. doi:10.1586/ers.11.34
Thomas, M; Bruton, A; Moffat, M; Cleland, J (Setembro de 2011). «Asthma and psychological dysfunction». Primary care respiratory journal: journal of the General Practice Airways Group. 20 (3): 250–6. PMID 21674122. doi:10.4104/pcrj.2011.00058
Miller, RL; Ho SM (Março de 2008). «Environmental epigenetics and asthma: current concepts and call for studies». American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 177 (6): 567–573. PMC 2267336. PMID 18187692. doi:10.1164/rccm.200710-1511PP
Choudhry S, Seibold MA, Borrell LN, et al. (2007). «Dissecting complex diseases in complex populations: asthma in latino americans». Proc Am Thorac Soc. 4 (3): 226–33. PMC 2647623. PMID 17607004. doi:10.1513/pats.200701-029AW
Dietert, RR (Setembro de 2011). «Maternal and childhood asthma: risk factors, interactions, and ramifications». Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.). 32 (2): 198–204. PMID 21575714. doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.04.007
Kelly, FJ; Fussell, JC (Agosto de 2011). «Air pollution and airway disease». Clinical and experimental allergy: journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 41 (8): 1059–71. PMID 21623970. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03776.x
Gold DR, Wright R (2005). «Population disparities in asthma». Annu Rev Public Health. 26: 89–113. PMID 15760282. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144528
McGwin, G; Lienert, J; Kennedy, JI (Março de 2010). «Formaldehyde exposure and asthma in children: a systematic review». Environmental health perspectives. 118 (3): 313–7. PMC 2854756. PMID 20064771. doi:10.1289/ehp.0901143
Jaakkola JJ, Knight TL (Julho de 2008). «The role of exposure to phthalates from polyvinyl chloride products in the development of asthma and allergies: a systematic review and meta-analysis». Environ Health Perspect. 116 (7): 845–53. PMC 2453150. PMID 18629304. doi:10.1289/ehp.10846
Bornehag, CG; Nanberg, E (Abril de 2010). «Phthalate exposure and asthma in children». International journal of andrology. 33 (2): 333–45. PMID 20059582. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.2009.01023.x
Henderson, AJ; Shaheen, SO (Março de 2013). «Acetaminophen and asthma.». Paediatric Respiratory Reviews. 14 (1): 9–15; quiz 16. PMID 23347656. doi:10.1016/j.prrv.2012.04.004
Ahluwalia, SK; Matsui, EC (Abril de 2011). «The indoor environment and its effects on childhood asthma». Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 11 (2): 137–43. PMID 21301330. doi:10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283445921
Arshad, SH (Janeiro de 2010). «Does exposure to indoor allergens contribute to the development of asthma and allergy?». Current allergy and asthma reports. 10 (1): 49–55. PMID 20425514. doi:10.1007/s11882-009-0082-6
PC Gøtzsche; HK Johansen (2008). Gøtzsche, Peter C, ed. «House dust mite control measures for asthma». Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2): CD001187. PMID 18425868. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001187.pub3
Ramsey, CD; Celedón JC (Janeiro de 2005). «The hygiene hypothesis and asthma». Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 11 (1): 14–20. PMID 15591883. doi:10.1097/01.mcp.0000145791.13714.ae
Bufford, JD; Gern JE (Maio de 2005). «The hygiene hypothesis revisited». Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America. 25 (2): 247–262. PMID 15878454. doi:10.1016/j.iac.2005.03.005
Brooks, C; Pearce, N; Douwes, J (Fevereiro de 2013). «The hygiene hypothesis in allergy and asthma: an update». Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 13 (1): 70–7. PMID 23103806. doi:10.1097/ACI.0b013e32835ad0d2
Rao, D; Phipatanakul, W (Outubro de 2011). «Impact of environmental controls on childhood asthma.». Current allergy and asthma reports. 11 (5): 414–20. PMID 21710109. doi:10.1007/s11882-011-0206-7
Murk, W; Risnes, KR; Bracken, MB (Junho de 2011). «Prenatal or early-life exposure to antibiotics and risk of childhood asthma: a systematic review». Pediatrics. 127 (6): 1125–38. PMID 21606151. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-2092
Neu, J; Rushing, J (Junho de 2011). «Cesarean versus vaginal delivery: long-term infant outcomes and the hygiene hypothesis». Clinics in perinatology. 38 (2): 321–31. PMC 3110651. PMID 21645799. doi:10.1016/j.clp.2011.03.008
Arrieta MC, Stiemsma LT, Dimitriu PA, Thorson L, Russell S, Yurist-Doutsch S, Kuzeljevic B, Gold MJ, Britton HM, Lefebvre DL, Subbarao P, Mandhane P, Becker A, McNagny KM, Sears MR, Kollmann T, Mohn WW, Turvey SE, Brett Finlay B (Setembro de 2015). «Early infancy microbial and metabolic alterations affect risk of childhood asthma». Sci Transl Med. 7 (307): 307ra152. PMID 26424567. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aab2271
Martinez FD (2007). «CD14, endotoxin, and asthma risk: actions and interactions». Proc Am Thorac Soc. 4 (3): 221–5. PMC 2647622. PMID 17607003. doi:10.1513/pats.200702-035AW
Ober C, Hoffjan S (2006). «Asthma genetics 2006: the long and winding road to gene discovery». Genes Immun. 7 (2): 95–100. PMID 16395390. doi:10.1038/sj.gene.6364284
Halapi, E; Bjornsdottir, US (Janeiro de 2009). «Overview on the current status of asthma genetics». The clinical respiratory journal. 3 (1): 2–7. PMID 20298365. doi:10.1111/j.1752-699X.2008.00119.x
Beuther DA (Janeiro de 2010). «Recent insight into obesity and asthma». Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 16 (1): 64–70. PMID 19844182. doi:10.1097/MCP.0b013e3283338fa7
Holguin F, Fitzpatrick A (Março de 2010). «Obesity, asthma, and oxidative stress». J. Appl. Physiol. 108 (3): 754–9. PMID 19926826. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00702.2009
Wood LG, Gibson PG (Julho de 2009). «Dietary factors lead to innate immune activation in asthma». Pharmacol. Ther. 123 (1): 37–53. PMID 19375453. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.03.015
O'Rourke ST (Outubro de 2007). «Antianginal actions of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists». Am J Pharm Educ. 71 (5). 95 páginas. PMC 2064893. PMID 17998992. doi:10.5688/aj710595
Salpeter, S; Ormiston, T; Salpeter, E (2001). Salpeter, Shelley R, ed. «Cardioselective beta-blocker use in patients with reversible airway disease». Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2): CD002992. PMID 11406056. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002992
Covar, RA; Macomber, BA; Szefler, SJ (Fevereiro de 2005). «Medications as asthma trigers». Immunology and allergy clinics of North America. 25 (1): 169–90. PMID 15579370. doi:10.1016/j.iac.2004.09.009
Chen E, Miller GE (2007). «Stress and inflammation in exacerbations of asthma». Brain Behav Immun. 21 (8): 993–9. PMC 2077080. PMID 17493786. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2007.03.009
Perez, LL (Março–Abril de 2013). «Office spirometry». Osteopathic Family Physician. 5 (2): 65–69. doi:10.1016/j.osfp.2012.09.003
Welsh, EJ.; Bara, A.; Barley, E.; Cates, CJ. (2010). Welsh, Emma J, ed. «Caffeine for asthma». Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1): CD001112. PMID 20091514. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001112.pub2
Pinnock H, Shah R (2007). «Asthma». BMJ. 334 (7598): 847–50. PMC 1853223. PMID 17446617. doi:10.1136/bmj.39140.634896.BE
Hargreave, FE; Parameswaran, K (Agosto de 2006). «Asthma, COPD and bronchitis are just components of airway disease». European Respiratory Journal. 28 (2): 264–267. PMID 16880365. doi:10.1183/09031936.06.00056106
Gibson PG, McDonald VM, Marks GB (Setembro de 2010). «Asthma in older adults». Lancet. 376 (9743): 803–13. PMID 20816547. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61087-2
Lodge, CJ; Allen, KJ; Lowe, AJ; Hill, DJ; Hosking, CS; Abramson, MJ; Dharmage, SC (2012). «Perinatal cat and dog exposure and the risk of asthma and allergy in the urban environment: a systematic review of longitudinal studies». Clinical & developmental immunology. 2012. 176484 páginas. PMC 3251799. PMID 22235226. doi:10.1155/2012/176484
Chen, CM; Tischer, C; Schnappinger, M; Heinrich, J (Janeiro de 2010). «The role of cats and dogs in asthma and allergy—a systematic review». International journal of hygiene and environmental health. 213 (1): 1–31. PMID 20053584. doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2009.12.003
Cates, CJ; Rowe, BH (28 de fevereiro de 2013). «Vaccines for preventing influenza in people with asthma.». The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2: CD000364. PMID 23450529. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000364.pub4
Thomson NC, Spears M (2005). «The influence of smoking on the treatment response in patients with asthma». Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 5 (1): 57–63. PMID 15643345. doi:10.1097/00130832-200502000-00011
Stapleton M, Howard-Thompson A, George C, Hoover RM, Self TH (2011). «Smoking and asthma». J Am Board Fam Med. 24 (3): 313–22. PMID 21551404. doi:10.3122/jabfm.2011.03.100180
Been, Jasper (28 de março de 2014). «Effect of smoke-free legislation on perinatal and child health: a systematic review and meta-analysis». Lancet. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60082-9
Chandratilleke, MG; Carson, KV; Picot, J; Brinn, MP; Esterman, AJ; Smith, BJ (16 de maio de 2012). Carson, Kristin V, ed. «Physical training for asthma». Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 5: CD001116. PMID 22592674. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001116.pub3
Rachelefsky, G (janeiro de 2009). «Inhaled corticosteroids and asthma control in children: assessing impairment and risk». Pediatrics. 123 (1): 353–66. PMID 19117903. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-3273
Dahl R (Agosto de 2006). «Systemic side effects of inhaled corticosteroids in patients with asthma». Respir Med. 100 (8): 1307–17. PMID 16412623. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2005.11.020
Parsons JP, Hallstrand TS, Mastronarde JG, et al. (Maio de 2013). «An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline: exercise-induced bronchoconstriction». Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 187 (9): 1016–27. PMID 23634861. doi:10.1164/rccm.201303-0437ST
Rodrigo GJ, Nannini LJ (2006). «Comparison between nebulized adrenaline and beta2 agonists for the treatment of acute asthma. A meta-analysis of randomized trials». Am J Emerg Med. 24 (2): 217–22. PMID 16490653. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2005.10.008
Ducharme, Francine M.; Ni Chroinin, Muireann; Greenstone, Ilana; Lasserson, Toby J. (12 de maio de 2010). «Addition of long-acting beta2-agonists to inhaled corticosteroids versus same dose inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in adults and children». The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (5): CD005535. ISSN 1469-493X. PMID 20464739. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005535.pub2. Cópia arquivada em 2 de maio de 2019
Ducharme, FM; Ni Chroinin, M; Greenstone, I; Lasserson, TJ (14 de abril de 2010). Ducharme, Francine M, ed. «Addition of long-acting beta2-agonists to inhaled steroids versus higher dose inhaled corticosteroids in adults and children with persistent asthma». Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4): CD005533. PMID 20393943. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005533.pub2
Fanta CH (Março de 2009). «Asthma». New England Journal of Medicine. 360 (10): 1002–14. PMID 19264689. doi:10.1056/NEJMra0804579
Cates, CJ; Cates, MJ (18 de abril de 2012). Cates, Christopher J, ed. «Regular treatment with formoterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events». Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 4: CD006923. PMID 22513944. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006923.pub3
Cates, CJ; Cates, MJ (16 de julho de 2008). Cates, Christopher J, ed. «Regular treatment with salmeterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events». Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (3): CD006363. PMID 18646149. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006363.pub2
Watts, K; Chavasse, RJ (16 de maio de 2012). Watts, Kirsty, ed. «Leukotriene receptor antagonists in addition to usual care for acute asthma in adults and children». Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 5: CD006100. PMID 22592708. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006100.pub2
Chauhan, BF; Ben Salah, R; Ducharme, FM (2 de outubro de 2013). «Addition of anti-leukotriene agents to inhaled corticosteroids in children with persistent asthma.». The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 10: CD009585. PMID 24089325. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009585.pub2
Rodrigo GJ, Rodrigo C, Hall JB (2004). «Acute asthma in adults: a review». Chest. 125 (3): 1081–102. PMID 15006973. doi:10.1378/chest.125.3.1081
Noppen, M. (Agosto de 2002). «Magnesium Treatment for Asthma: Where Do We Stand?». Chest. 122 (2): 396–8. PMID 12171805. doi:10.1378/chest.122.2.396
Castro, M; Musani, AI; Mayse, ML; Shargill, NS (Abril de 2010). «Bronchial thermoplasty: a novel technique in the treatment of severe asthma». Therapeutic advances in respiratory disease. 4 (2): 101–16. PMID 20435668. doi:10.1177/1753465810367505
Lin, Sandra Y.; Erekosima, Nkiruka; Kim, Julia M.; Ramanathan, Murugappan; Suarez-Cuervo, Catalina; Chelladurai, Yohalakshmi; Ward, Darcy; Segal, Jodi B. (27 de março de 2013). «Sublingual Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis and Asthma: A Systematic Review». JAMA. 309 (12): 1278–1288. ISSN 0098-7484. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.2049. Cópia arquivada em 21 de dezembro de 2025
Blanc PD, Trupin L, Earnest G, Katz PP, Yelin EH, Eisner MD (2001). «Alternative therapies among adults with a reported diagnosis of asthma or rhinosinusitis: data from a population-based survey». Chest. 120 (5): 1461–7. PMID 11713120. doi:10.1378/chest.120.5.1461
Shenfield G, Lim E, Allen H (2002). «Survey of the use of complementary medicines and therapies in children with asthma». J Paediatr Child Health. 38 (3): 252–7. PMID 12047692. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1754.2002.00770.x
Kaur B, Rowe BH, Arnold E (2009). Welsh EJ, ed. «Vitamin C supplementation for asthma». Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1): CD000993. PMID 19160185. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000993.pub3
Hemilä, H (2013). «Vitamin C may alleviate exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: a meta-analysis.». BMJ open. 3 (6). PMID 23794586. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002416
McCarney RW, Brinkhaus B, Lasserson TJ, Linde K (2004). McCarney RW, ed. «Acupuncture for chronic asthma». Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1): CD000008. PMID 14973944. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000008.pub2
Blackhall, K; Appleton, S; Cates, CJ (12 de setembro de 2012). Blackhall, Karen, ed. «Ionisers for chronic asthma». Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 9: CD002986. PMID 22972060. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002986.pub2
Hondras MA, Linde K, Jones AP (2005). Hondras MA, ed. «Manual therapy for asthma». Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2): CD001002. PMID 15846609. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001002.pub2
Maddox L, Schwartz DA (2002). «The pathophysiology of asthma». Annu. Rev. Med. 53: 477–98. PMID 11818486. doi:10.1146/annurev.med.53.082901.103921
Beckett PA, Howarth PH (2003). «Pharmacotherapy and airway remodelling in asthma?». Thorax. 58 (2): 163–74. PMC 1746582. PMID 12554904. doi:10.1136/thorax.58.2.163
Grant EN, Wagner R, Weiss KB (Agosto de 1999). «Observations on emerging patterns of asthma in our society». J Allergy Clin Immunol. 104 (2 Pt 2): S1–S9. PMID 10452783. doi:10.1016/S0091-6749(99)70268-X
Anandan C, Nurmatov U, van Schayck OC, Sheikh A (Fevereiro de 2010). «Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies». Allergy. 65 (2): 152–67. PMID 19912154. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02244.x
Vos, Theo; Flaxman, Abraham D.; Naghavi, Mohsen; Lozano, Rafael; Michaud, Catherine; Ezzati, Majid; Shibuya, Kenji; Salomon, Joshua A.; Abdalla, Safa (15 de dezembro de 2012). «Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010». Lancet (London, England). 380 (9859): 2163–2196. ISSN 1474-547X. PMID 23245607. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2. Cópia arquivada em 14 de maio de 2020
Lozano, R (15 de dezembro de 2012). «Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.». Lancet. 380 (9859): 2095–128. PMID 23245604. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0
Bush A, Menzies-Gow A (dezembro de 2009). «Phenotypic differences between pediatric and adult asthma». Proc Am Thorac Soc. 6 (8): 712–9. PMID 20008882. doi:10.1513/pats.200906-046DP
Thorowgood JC (Novembro de 1873). «On bronchial asthma». British Medical Journal. 2 (673). 600 páginas. PMC 2294647. PMID 20747287. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.673.600
Gaskoin G (Março de 1872). «On the treatment of asthma». British Medical Journal. 1 (587). 339 páginas. PMC 2297349. PMID 20746575. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.587.339
Berkart JB (Junho de 1880). «The treatment of asthma». British Medical Journal. 1 (1016): 917–8. PMC 2240555. PMID 20749537. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.1016.917
Opolski M, Wilson I (Setembro de 2005). «Asthma and depression: a pragmatic review of the literature and recommendations for future research». Clin Pract Epidemol Ment Health. 1: 18. PMC 1253523. PMID 16185365. doi:10.1186/1745-0179-1-18
Crompton G (Dezembro de 2006). «A brief history of inhaled asthma therapy over the last fifty years». Primary care respiratory journal: journal of the General Practice Airways Group. 15 (6): 326–31. PMID 17092772. doi:10.1016/j.pcrj.2006.09.002
von Mutius, E; Drazen, JM (1 de março de 2012). «A patient with asthma seeks medical advice in 1828, 1928, and 2012». New England Journal of Medicine. 366 (9): 827–34. PMID 22375974. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1102783

ersjournals.com (Global: low place; Portuguese: low place)

erj.ersjournals.com

Maitre B, Similowski T, Derenne JP (Setembro de 1995). «Physical examination of the adult patient with respiratory diseases: inspection and palpation». European Respiratory Journal. 8 (9): 1584–93. PMID 8575588. Cópia arquivada em 30 de abril de 2024

ginasthma.org (Global: low place; Portuguese: low place)

GINA 2011, p. 17 Iniciativa Global para a Asma (2011). «Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 3 de março de 2016
GINA 2011, pp. 2–5 Iniciativa Global para a Asma (2011). «Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 3 de março de 2016
GINA 2011, pp. 8–9 Iniciativa Global para a Asma (2011). «Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 3 de março de 2016
GINA 2011, p. 6 Iniciativa Global para a Asma (2011). «Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 3 de março de 2016
GINA 2011, p. 61 Iniciativa Global para a Asma (2011). «Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 3 de março de 2016
GINA 2011, p. 4 Iniciativa Global para a Asma (2011). «Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 3 de março de 2016
GINA 2011, p. 20 Iniciativa Global para a Asma (2011). «Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 3 de março de 2016
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Lozano, R (15 de dezembro de 2012). «Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.». Lancet. 380 (9859): 2095–128. PMID 23245604. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0
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Barnes PJ, Jonsson B, Klim JB (abril de 1996). «The costs os asthma». European Respiratory Journal. 4 (9): 636-42. Cópia arquivada em 19 de outubro de 2017
Thorowgood JC (Novembro de 1873). «On bronchial asthma». British Medical Journal. 2 (673). 600 páginas. PMC 2294647. PMID 20747287. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.673.600
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Crompton G (Dezembro de 2006). «A brief history of inhaled asthma therapy over the last fifty years». Primary care respiratory journal: journal of the General Practice Airways Group. 15 (6): 326–31. PMID 17092772. doi:10.1016/j.pcrj.2006.09.002
von Mutius, E; Drazen, JM (1 de março de 2012). «A patient with asthma seeks medical advice in 1828, 1928, and 2012». New England Journal of Medicine. 366 (9): 827–34. PMID 22375974. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1102783

nhlbi.nih.gov

NHLBI Guideline 2007, pp. 169–172 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
NHLBI Guideline 2007, p. 214 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
NHLBI Guideline 2007, pp. 11–12 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
NHLBI Guideline 2007, p. 11 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
NHLBI Guideline 2007, p. 42 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
NHLBI Guideline 2007, p. 58 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
NHLBI Guideline 2007, p. 59 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
NHLBI Guideline 2007, p. 46 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
NHLBI Guideline 2007, pp. 184–5 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
NHLBI Guideline 2007, p. 213 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
NHLBI Guideline 2007, p. 69 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
NHLBI Guideline 2007, p. 560 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
NHLBI Guideline 2007, p. 250 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
NHLBI Guideline 2007, p. 351 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
NHLBI Guideline 2007, p. 218 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
NHLBI Guideline 2007, p. 373 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
NHLBI Guideline 2007, p. 399 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
NHLBI Guideline 2007, p. 240 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
NHLBI Guideline 2007, p. 1 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014

sbpt.org.br (Global: low place; Portuguese: low place)

Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia. «Factsheet Asma 2013» (PDF). Consultado em 19 de maio de 2014

sign.ac.uk (Global: low place; Portuguese: low place)

British Guideline 2009, p. 4 British Thoracic Society (2008). «British Guideline on the Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 14 de abril de 2016
British Guideline 2009, p. 54 British Thoracic Society (2008). «British Guideline on the Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 14 de abril de 2016
British Guideline 2009, p. 14 British Thoracic Society (2008). «British Guideline on the Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 14 de abril de 2016
British Guideline 2009, p. 72. British Thoracic Society (2008). «British Guideline on the Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 14 de abril de 2016
«British Guideline on the Management of Asthma» (PDF). Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. 2008. Consultado em 4 de agosto de 2008. Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 19 de agosto de 2008

sppneumologia.pt (Global: low place; Portuguese: low place)

«Manual Boas Práticas de Asma» (PDF). Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia. Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 1 de setembro de 2019

thepcrj.org (Global: low place; Portuguese: low place)

Yawn BP (Setembro de 2008). «Factors accounting for asthma variability: achieving optimal symptom control for individual patients» (PDF). Primary Care Respiratory Journal. 17 (3): 138–147. PMID 18264646. doi:10.3132/pcrj.2008.00004. Cópia arquivada em 4 de março de 2010

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Portuguese: 1^st place)

British Guideline 2009, p. 4 British Thoracic Society (2008). «British Guideline on the Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 14 de abril de 2016
«Asthma Fact sheet №307». OMS. Novembro de 2013. Consultado em 3 de março de 2016. Cópia arquivada em 29 de junho de 2017
NHLBI Guideline 2007, pp. 169–172 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
NHLBI Guideline 2007, p. 214 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
NHLBI Guideline 2007, pp. 11–12 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
Schiffman, George (18 de dezembro de 2009). «Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease». MedicineNet. Consultado em 2 de setembro de 2010. Cópia arquivada em 28 de agosto de 2010
British Guideline 2009, p. 54 British Thoracic Society (2008). «British Guideline on the Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 14 de abril de 2016
Maitre B, Similowski T, Derenne JP (Setembro de 1995). «Physical examination of the adult patient with respiratory diseases: inspection and palpation». European Respiratory Journal. 8 (9): 1584–93. PMID 8575588. Cópia arquivada em 30 de abril de 2024
GINA 2011, p. 17 Iniciativa Global para a Asma (2011). «Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 3 de março de 2016
Kunnamo, Ilkka (2005). Evidence-based medicine guidelines. Chichester: Wiley. p. 214. ISBN 978-0-470-01184-3. Cópia arquivada em 28 de julho de 2025
Kraft, editors, Mario Castro, Monica (2008). Clinical asthma. Philadelphia: Mosby / Elsevier. pp. Chapter 42. ISBN 978-0-323-07081-2. Cópia arquivada em 7 de agosto de 2025
GINA 2011, pp. 2–5 Iniciativa Global para a Asma (2011). «Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 3 de março de 2016
Jindal, editor-in-chief SK (2011). Textbook of pulmonary and critical care medicine. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. p. 242. ISBN 978-93-5025-073-0. Cópia arquivada em 2 de agosto de 2025
George, Ronald B. (2005). Chest medicine: essentials of pulmonary and critical care medicine 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-7817-5273-2. Cópia arquivada em 6 de setembro de 2024
British Guideline 2009, p. 14 British Thoracic Society (2008). «British Guideline on the Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 14 de abril de 2016
GINA 2011, pp. 8–9 Iniciativa Global para a Asma (2011). «Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 3 de março de 2016
Harver, Andrew; Harry Kotses (2010). Asthma, health and society a public health perspective. Nova Iorque: Springer. p. 315. ISBN 978-0-387-78285-0. Cópia arquivada em 2 de dezembro de 2023
GINA 2011, p. 6 Iniciativa Global para a Asma (2011). «Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 3 de março de 2016
GINA 2011, p. 61 Iniciativa Global para a Asma (2011). «Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 3 de março de 2016
NHLBI Guideline 2007, p. 11 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
British Guideline 2009, p. 72. British Thoracic Society (2008). «British Guideline on the Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 14 de abril de 2016
Elward, Graham Douglas; Kurtis S. (2010). Asthma. London: Manson Pub. pp. 27–29. ISBN 978-1-84076-513-7. Cópia arquivada em 5 de junho de 2024
GINA 2011, p. 4 Iniciativa Global para a Asma (2011). «Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 3 de março de 2016
NHLBI Guideline 2007, p. 42 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
GINA 2011, p. 20 Iniciativa Global para a Asma (2011). «Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 3 de março de 2016
«Five things physicians and patients should question» (PDF). American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology. Choosing wisely: an initiative of the ABIM Foundation. Consultado em 14 de agosto de 2012. Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 9 de novembro de 2012
Third Expert Panel on the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma (2007). Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. [S.l.]: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (US). Cópia arquivada em 19 de março de 2026
NHLBI Guideline 2007, p. 58 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
NHLBI Guideline 2007, p. 59 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
NHLBI Guideline 2007, p. 46 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
NHLBI Guideline 2007, pp. 184–5 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
Ripoll, Brian C. Leutholtz, Ignacio (2011). Exercise and disease management 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 100. ISBN 978-1-4398-2759-8. Cópia arquivada em 15 de dezembro de 2024
GINA 2011, p. 56 Iniciativa Global para a Asma (2011). «Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 3 de março de 2016
GINA 2011, p. 71 Iniciativa Global para a Asma (2011). «Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 3 de março de 2016
NHLBI Guideline 2007, p. 213 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
«British Guideline on the Management of Asthma» (PDF). Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. 2008. Consultado em 4 de agosto de 2008. Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 19 de agosto de 2008
NHLBI Guideline 2007, p. 69 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
NHLBI Guideline 2007, p. 560 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
NHLBI Guideline 2007, p. 250 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
NHLBI Guideline 2007, p. 351 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
NHLBI Guideline 2007, p. 218 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
Ducharme, Francine M.; Ni Chroinin, Muireann; Greenstone, Ilana; Lasserson, Toby J. (12 de maio de 2010). «Addition of long-acting beta2-agonists to inhaled corticosteroids versus same dose inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in adults and children». The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (5): CD005535. ISSN 1469-493X. PMID 20464739. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005535.pub2. Cópia arquivada em 2 de maio de 2019
GINA 2011, p. 74 Iniciativa Global para a Asma (2011). «Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 3 de março de 2016
NHLBI Guideline 2007, p. 373 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
GINA 2011, p. 37 Iniciativa Global para a Asma (2011). «Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 3 de março de 2016
NHLBI Guideline 2007, p. 399 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
Lin, Sandra Y.; Erekosima, Nkiruka; Kim, Julia M.; Ramanathan, Murugappan; Suarez-Cuervo, Catalina; Chelladurai, Yohalakshmi; Ward, Darcy; Segal, Jodi B. (27 de março de 2013). «Sublingual Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis and Asthma: A Systematic Review». JAMA. 309 (12): 1278–1288. ISSN 0098-7484. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.2049. Cópia arquivada em 21 de dezembro de 2025
NHLBI Guideline 2007, p. 240 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
«Manual Boas Práticas de Asma» (PDF). Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia. Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 1 de setembro de 2019
«Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention (inglês)» (PDF). 2016. Consultado em 19 de setembro de 2017. Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 22 de maio de 2025
«WHO Disease and injury country estimates». Organização Mundial de Saúde. 2009. Consultado em 11 de novembro de 2009. Cópia arquivada em 11 de novembro de 2009
NHLBI Guideline 2007, p. 1 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) (2007). «Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 2 de julho de 2014
«World Health Organization Fact Sheet Fact sheet No 307: Asthma». 2011. Consultado em 17 de janeiro de 2013. Arquivado do original em 29 de junho de 2011
GINA 2011, p. 3 Iniciativa Global para a Asma (2011). «Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention» (PDF). Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 3 de março de 2016
Vos, Theo; Flaxman, Abraham D.; Naghavi, Mohsen; Lozano, Rafael; Michaud, Catherine; Ezzati, Majid; Shibuya, Kenji; Salomon, Joshua A.; Abdalla, Safa (15 de dezembro de 2012). «Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010». Lancet (London, England). 380 (9859): 2163–2196. ISSN 1474-547X. PMID 23245607. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2. Cópia arquivada em 14 de maio de 2020
World Health Organization. «WHO: Asthma». Consultado em 29 de dezembro de 2007. Cópia arquivada em 15 de dezembro de 2007
Masoli, Matthew; et al. Global Burden of Asthma (PDF). [S.l.]: Global Initative for Asthma. pp. 111,115. Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 6 de março de 2016
Barnes PJ, Jonsson B, Klim JB (abril de 1996). «The costs os asthma». European Respiratory Journal. 4 (9): 636-42. Cópia arquivada em 19 de outubro de 2017
Peter Crosta (Setembro de 2007). «Asthma History - Through The Ages». Consultado em 21 de maio de 2014. Cópia arquivada em 27 de outubro de 2018

webcitation.org (Global: 25^th place; Portuguese: 20^th place)

Yawn BP (Setembro de 2008). «Factors accounting for asthma variability: achieving optimal symptom control for individual patients» (PDF). Primary Care Respiratory Journal. 17 (3): 138–147. PMID 18264646. doi:10.3132/pcrj.2008.00004. Cópia arquivada em 4 de março de 2010

who.int (Global: 213^th place; Portuguese: 170^th place)

«Asthma Fact sheet №307». OMS. Novembro de 2013. Consultado em 3 de março de 2016. Cópia arquivada em 29 de junho de 2017
«WHO Disease and injury country estimates». Organização Mundial de Saúde. 2009. Consultado em 11 de novembro de 2009. Cópia arquivada em 11 de novembro de 2009
«World Health Organization Fact Sheet Fact sheet No 307: Asthma». 2011. Consultado em 17 de janeiro de 2013. Arquivado do original em 29 de junho de 2011
World Health Organization. «WHO: Asthma». Consultado em 29 de dezembro de 2007. Cópia arquivada em 15 de dezembro de 2007

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; Portuguese: 5^th place)

Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K; Fausto, Nelson; Aster, Jon, eds. (2010). Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease 8th ed. [S.l.]: Saunders. p. 688. ISBN 978-1-4160-3121-5. OCLC 643462931
Self, Timothy; Chrisman, Cary; Finch, Christopher (2009). «22. Asthma». In: Mary Anne Koda-Kimble, Brian K Alldredge; et al. Applied therapeutics: the clinical use of drugs 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. OCLC 230848069
Ducharme, Francine M.; Ni Chroinin, Muireann; Greenstone, Ilana; Lasserson, Toby J. (12 de maio de 2010). «Addition of long-acting beta2-agonists to inhaled corticosteroids versus same dose inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in adults and children». The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (5): CD005535. ISSN 1469-493X. PMID 20464739. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005535.pub2. Cópia arquivada em 2 de maio de 2019
Lin, Sandra Y.; Erekosima, Nkiruka; Kim, Julia M.; Ramanathan, Murugappan; Suarez-Cuervo, Catalina; Chelladurai, Yohalakshmi; Ward, Darcy; Segal, Jodi B. (27 de março de 2013). «Sublingual Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis and Asthma: A Systematic Review». JAMA. 309 (12): 1278–1288. ISSN 0098-7484. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.2049. Cópia arquivada em 21 de dezembro de 2025
Vos, Theo; Flaxman, Abraham D.; Naghavi, Mohsen; Lozano, Rafael; Michaud, Catherine; Ezzati, Majid; Shibuya, Kenji; Salomon, Joshua A.; Abdalla, Safa (15 de dezembro de 2012). «Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010». Lancet (London, England). 380 (9859): 2163–2196. ISSN 1474-547X. PMID 23245607. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2. Cópia arquivada em 14 de maio de 2020

Asma (Portuguese Wikipedia)

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ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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sign.ac.uk (Global: low place; Portuguese: low place)

sppneumologia.pt (Global: low place; Portuguese: low place)

thepcrj.org (Global: low place; Portuguese: low place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; Portuguese: 1st place)

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who.int (Global: 213th place; Portuguese: 170th place)

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books.google.ca (Global: 821^st place; Portuguese: 418^th place)

books.google.ch (Global: 3,825^th place; Portuguese: 4,955^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; Portuguese: 7^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Portuguese: 4^th place)

jamanetwork.com (Global: 3,157^th place; Portuguese: 3,208^th place)

medicalnewstoday.com (Global: 3,865^th place; Portuguese: 3,387^th place)

medicinenet.com (Global: 6,975^th place; Portuguese: 4,443^rd place)

min-saude.pt (Global: low place; Portuguese: 1,921^st place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; Portuguese: 6^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Portuguese: 1^st place)

webcitation.org (Global: 25^th place; Portuguese: 20^th place)

who.int (Global: 213^th place; Portuguese: 170^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; Portuguese: 5^th place)