Big Bang (Portuguese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Big Bang" in Portuguese language version.

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44doi.org

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aip.org

Schewe, P. (2005). «An Ocean of Quarks». American Institute of Physics. Physics News Update. 728 (1)

aps.org

journals.aps.org

Guth, Alan (15 de janeiro de 1981). «Inflationary universe: A possible solution to the horizon and flatness problems». Phys. Rev. D. 23 (2): 347–356. Bibcode:1981PhRvD..23..347G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.23.347

arxiv.org

Gibson, C.H. (2001). «Turbulence And Mixing In The Early Universe». arXiv:astro-ph/0110012 [astro-ph]
Gibson, C.H. (2005). «The First Turbulent Combustion». arXiv:astro-ph/0501416 [astro-ph]
Ivanchik, A. V.; Potekhin, A. Y.; Varshalovich, D. A. (1999). «The Fine-Structure Constant: A New Observational Limit on Its Cosmological Variation and Some Theoretical Consequences». Astronomy and Astrophysics. 343: 459. Bibcode:1999A&A...343..439I. arXiv:astro-ph/9810166
Goodman, J. (1995). «Geocentrism Reexamined». Physical Review D. 52 (4): 1821–1827. Bibcode:1995PhRvD..52.1821G. arXiv:astro-ph/9506068. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.52.1821
Tamara M. Davis and Charles H. Lineweaver, Expanding Confusion: common misconceptions of cosmological horizons and the superluminal expansion of the Universe. astro-ph/0310808
Peebles, P. J. E.; Ratra, Bharat (2003). «The cosmological constant and dark energy». Reviews of Modern Physics. 75 (2): 559–606. Bibcode:2003RvMP...75..559P. arXiv:astro-ph/0207347. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.75.559
Spergel, D. N.; et al. (2006). «Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Three Year Results: Implications for Cosmology». Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 170 (2): 377–408. Bibcode:2007ApJS..170..377S. arXiv:astro-ph/0603449. doi:10.1086/513700
Roos, M. (2008). «Expansion of the Universe – Standard Big Bang Model». In: Engvold, O.; Czerny, B.; Lattanzio, J. Astronomy and Astrophysics. Col: Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems. [S.l.]: UNESCO. arXiv:0802.2005. This singularity is termed the Big Bang. Texto "editor-sobrenome2 Stabell " ignorado (ajuda); |nome2= sem |sobrenome2= em Editors list (ajuda)
Planck Collaboration (2015). «Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters (See PDF, page 32, Table 4, Age/Gyr, last column).». arXiv:1502.01589
Loeb, Abraham (Outubro de 2014). «The Habitable Epoch of the Early Universe». International Journal of Astrobiology. 13 (4): 337–339. Bibcode:2014IJAsB..13..337L. arXiv:1312.0613. doi:10.1017/S1473550414000196
Spergel, D. N.; et al. (2003). «First year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) observations: determination of cosmological parameters». The Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 148 (1): 175–194. Bibcode:2003ApJS..148..175S. arXiv:astro-ph/0302209. doi:10.1086/377226
Gladders, M. D.; et al. (2007). «Cosmological Constraints from the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey». The Astrophysical Journal. 655 (1): 128–134. Bibcode:2007ApJ...655..128G. arXiv:astro-ph/0603588. doi:10.1086/509909
Srianand, R.; Petitjean, P.; Ledoux, C. (2000). «The microwave background temperature at the redshift of 2.33771». Nature. 408 (6815): 931–935. Bibcode:2000Natur.408..931S. arXiv:astro-ph/0012222. doi:10.1038/35050020. Resumo divulgativo – European Southern Observatory (Dezembro de 2000)
A. Melchiorri et. al. (1999). «A measurement of Omega from the North American test flight of BOOMERANG». Institute of Physics. The Astrophysical Journal (536). arXiv:astro-ph/9911445
P. de Bernardis; et al. (2000). «A Flat Universe from High-Resolution Maps of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation». Nature Publishing Group. Nature. 404: 955–959. PMID 10801117. arXiv:astro-ph/0004404. doi:10.1038/35010035
A. D. Miller; et al. (1999). «A Measurement of the Angular Power Spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background from l = 100 to 400». The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 524 (1): L1–L4. Bibcode:1999ApJ...524L...1M. arXiv:astro-ph/9906421. doi:10.1086/312293
Steigman, G. (2005). «Primordial Nucleosynthesis: Successes And Challenges». International Journal of Modern Physics E. 15: 1–36. Bibcode:2006IJMPE..15....1S. arXiv:astro-ph/0511534. doi:10.1142/S0218301306004028
Bertschinger, E. (2001). «Cosmological Perturbation Theory and Structure Formation». arXiv:astro-ph/0101009 [astro-ph]
Fumagalli, M.; O'Meara, J. M.; Prochaska, J. X. (2011). «Detection of Pristine Gas Two Billion Years After the Big Bang». Science. 334 (6060): 1245–9. Bibcode:2011Sci...334.1245F. PMID 22075722. arXiv:1111.2334. doi:10.1126/science.1213581
Avgoustidis, A.; Luzzi, G.; Martins, C. J. A. P.; Monteiro, A. M. R. V. L. (2011). «Constraints on the CMB temperature-redshift dependence from SZ and distance measurements». arXiv:1112.1862v1 [astro-ph.CO]
Mortonson, Michael J.; Weinberg, David H.; White, Martin (Dezembro de 2013). «Dark Energy: A Short Review». Particle Data Group 2014 Review of Particle Physics. arXiv:1401.0046
Yao, W. M.; et al. (2006). «Review of Particle Physics: Dark Matter» (PDF). Journal of Physics G. 33 (1): 1–1232. Bibcode:2006JPhG...33....1Y. arXiv:astro-ph/0601168. doi:10.1088/0954-3899/33/1/001
Bullock, James. «Notes on the Missing Satellites Problem». XX Canary Islands Winter School of Astrophysics on Local Group Cosmology. arXiv:1009.4505
Diemand, Jürg; Zemp, Marcel; Moore, Ben; Stadel, Joachim; Carollo, C. Marcella (Dezembro de 2005). «Cusps in cold dark matter haloes». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 364 (2): 665–673. Bibcode:2005MNRAS.364..665D. arXiv:astro-ph/0504215. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09601.x
Dodelson, Scott (dezembro de 2011). «The Real Problem with MOND». Honorable Mention, Gravity Research Foundation 2011 Awards. arXiv:1112.1320
D. N. Spergel; et al. (2007). «Three-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Implications for Cosmology» (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 170: 377–408. Bibcode:2007ApJS..170..377S. arXiv:astro-ph/0603449. doi:10.1086/513700
Fred C. Adams; Gregory Laughlin (1997). «A dying Universe: the long-term fate and evolution of astrophysical objects». Reviews of Modern Physics. 69 (2): 337–372. Bibcode:1997RvMP...69..337A. arXiv:astro-ph/9701131. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.69.337 .
Caldwell, R. R; Kamionkowski, M.; Weinberg, N. N. (2003). «Phantom Energy and Cosmic Doomsday». Physical Review Letters. 91 (7): 071301. Bibcode:2003PhRvL..91g1301C. PMID 12935004. arXiv:astro-ph/0302506. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.071301
Langlois, D. (2002). «Brane Cosmology: An Introduction». Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement. 148: 181–212. Bibcode:2002PThPS.148..181L. arXiv:hep-th/0209261. doi:10.1143/PTPS.148.181
Linde, A. (2002). «Inflationary Theory versus Ekpyrotic/Cyclic Scenario». arXiv:hep-th/0205259 [hep-th]

awesomeanimator.com

Bird, P. (2011). «Determining the Big Bang State Vector» (PDF)

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

«'Big bang' astronomer dies». BBC News. 22 de agosto de 2001. Consultado em 7 de dezembro de 2008
«'Big bang' astronomer dies». BBC News. 22 de agosto de 2001. Consultado em 7 de dezembro de 2008. Cópia arquivada em 8 de dezembro de 2008

bbc.com

http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35524440 Einstein's gravitational waves 'seen' from black holes

berkeley.edu

astro.berkeley.edu

Perley, D. (21 de fevereiro de 2005). «Determination of the Universe's Age, t_o». University of California Berkeley, Astronomy Department. Consultado em 27 de janeiro de 2012

bicepkeck.org

Staff (17 de março de 2014). «BICEP2 2014 Results Release». National Science Foundation. Consultado em 18 de março de 2014

books.google.com

Drees, W. B. (1990). Beyond the big bang: quantum cosmologies and God. [S.l.]: Open Court Publishing. pp. 223–224. ISBN 978-0-8126-9118-4
Harris, J. F. (2002). Analytic philosophy of religion. [S.l.]: Springer. p. 128. ISBN 978-1-4020-0530-5
Frame, T. (2009). Losing my religion. [S.l.]: UNSW Press. pp. 137–141. ISBN 978-1-921410-19-2
Harrison, P. (2010). The Cambridge Companion to Science and Religion. [S.l.]: Cambridge University Press. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-521-71251-4

cam.ac.uk

damtp.cam.ac.uk

«Four Pillars». Cambridge Cosmology: Hot Big Bang. Consultado em 4 de março de 2016

doi.org

dx.doi.org

Castelvecchi, Davide (15 de julho de 2020). «Mystery over Universe's expansion deepens with fresh data». Nature (em inglês). ISSN 0028-0836. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-02126-6
Hubble, E. (1929). «A Relation Between Distance and Radial Velocity Among Extra-Galactic Nebulae». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 15 (3): 168–73. PMC 522427. PMID 16577160. doi:10.1073/pnas.15.3.168
Goodman, J. (1995). «Geocentrism Reexamined». Physical Review D. 52 (4): 1821–1827. Bibcode:1995PhRvD..52.1821G. arXiv:astro-ph/9506068. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.52.1821
Friedman, A. A. (1922). «Über die Krümmung des Raumes». Zeitschrift für Physik (em alemão). 10 (1): 377–386. Bibcode:1922ZPhy...10..377F. doi:10.1007/BF01332580
(English translation in: Friedman, A. (1999). «On the Curvature of Space». General Relativity and Gravitation. 31 (12): 1991–2000. Bibcode:1999GReGr..31.1991F. doi:10.1023/A:1026751225741 )
Lemaître, G. (1927). «Un univers homogène de masse constante et de rayon croissant rendant compte de la vitesse radiale des nébuleuses extragalactiques». Annals of the Scientific Society of Brussels (em francês). 47A: 41
(Translated in: Lemaître, G. (1931). «A Homogeneous Universe of Constant Mass and Growing Radius Accounting for the Radial Velocity of Extragalactic Nebulae». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 91: 483–490. Bibcode:1931MNRAS..91..483L. doi:10.1093/mnras/91.5.483 )
Lemaître, G. (1931). «The Evolution of the Universe: Discussion». Nature. 128 (3234): 699–701. Bibcode:1931Natur.128..704L. doi:10.1038/128704a0
Hubble, E. (1929). «A Relation Between Distance and Radial Velocity Among Extra-Galactic Nebulae». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 15 (3): 168–73. Bibcode:1929PNAS...15..168H. PMC 522427. PMID 16577160. doi:10.1073/pnas.15.3.168
Peebles, P. J. E.; Ratra, Bharat (2003). «The cosmological constant and dark energy». Reviews of Modern Physics. 75 (2): 559–606. Bibcode:2003RvMP...75..559P. arXiv:astro-ph/0207347. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.75.559
Eddington, A. (1931). «The End of the World: from the Standpoint of Mathematical Physics». Nature. 127 (3203): 447–453. Bibcode:1931Natur.127..447E. doi:10.1038/127447a0
Lemaître, G. (1931). «The Beginning of the World from the Point of View of Quantum Theory». Nature. 127 (3210): 706. Bibcode:1931Natur.127..706L. doi:10.1038/127706b0
Zwicky, F. (1929). «On the Red Shift of Spectral Lines through Interstellar Space». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 15 (10): 773–779. Bibcode:1929PNAS...15..773Z. PMC 522555. PMID 16577237. doi:10.1073/pnas.15.10.773
Hoyle, F. (1948). «A New Model for the Expanding Universe». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 108: 372–382. Bibcode:1948MNRAS.108..372H. doi:10.1093/mnras/108.5.372
Alpher, R. A.; Bethe, H.; Gamow, G. (1948). «The Origin of Chemical Elements». Physical Review. 73 (7): 803–804. Bibcode:1948PhRv...73..803A. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.73.803
Alpher, R. A.; Herman, R. (1948). «Evolution of the Universe». Nature. 162 (4124): 774–775. Bibcode:1948Natur.162..774A. doi:10.1038/162774b0
Hawking, S.; Ellis, G. F. (1968). «The Cosmic Black-Body Radiation and the Existence of Singularities in our Universe». The Astrophysical Journal. 152: 25. Bibcode:1968ApJ...152...25H. doi:10.1086/149520
Hawking, S.; Penrose, R. (27 de janeiro de 1970). «The Singularities of Gravitational Collapse and Cosmology». The Royal Society. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences. 314 (1519): 529–548. Bibcode:1970RSPSA.314..529H. doi:10.1098/rspa.1970.0021. Consultado em 27 de março de 2015
Guth, Alan (15 de janeiro de 1981). «Inflationary universe: A possible solution to the horizon and flatness problems». Phys. Rev. D. 23 (2): 347–356. Bibcode:1981PhRvD..23..347G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.23.347
Navabi, A. A.; Riazi, N. (2003). «Is the Age Problem Resolved?». Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy. 24 (1–2): 3–10. Bibcode:2003JApA...24....3N. doi:10.1007/BF03012187
Boggess, N. W.; et al. (1992). «The COBE Mission: Its Design and Performance Two Years after the launch». The Astrophysical Journal. 397: 420. Bibcode:1992ApJ...397..420B. doi:10.1086/171797
Spergel, D. N.; et al. (2006). «Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Three Year Results: Implications for Cosmology». Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 170 (2): 377–408. Bibcode:2007ApJS..170..377S. arXiv:astro-ph/0603449. doi:10.1086/513700
Loeb, Abraham (Outubro de 2014). «The Habitable Epoch of the Early Universe». International Journal of Astrobiology. 13 (4): 337–339. Bibcode:2014IJAsB..13..337L. arXiv:1312.0613. doi:10.1017/S1473550414000196
Spergel, D. N.; et al. (2003). «First year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) observations: determination of cosmological parameters». The Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 148 (1): 175–194. Bibcode:2003ApJS..148..175S. arXiv:astro-ph/0302209. doi:10.1086/377226
Gladders, M. D.; et al. (2007). «Cosmological Constraints from the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey». The Astrophysical Journal. 655 (1): 128–134. Bibcode:2007ApJ...655..128G. arXiv:astro-ph/0603588. doi:10.1086/509909
Srianand, R.; Petitjean, P.; Ledoux, C. (2000). «The microwave background temperature at the redshift of 2.33771». Nature. 408 (6815): 931–935. Bibcode:2000Natur.408..931S. arXiv:astro-ph/0012222. doi:10.1038/35050020. Resumo divulgativo – European Southern Observatory (Dezembro de 2000)
Penzias, A. A.; Wilson, R. W. (1965). «A Measurement of Excess Antenna Temperature at 4080 Mc/s». The Astrophysical Journal. 142: 419. Bibcode:1965ApJ...142..419P. doi:10.1086/148307
P. de Bernardis; et al. (2000). «A Flat Universe from High-Resolution Maps of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation». Nature Publishing Group. Nature. 404: 955–959. PMID 10801117. arXiv:astro-ph/0004404. doi:10.1038/35010035
A. D. Miller; et al. (1999). «A Measurement of the Angular Power Spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background from l = 100 to 400». The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 524 (1): L1–L4. Bibcode:1999ApJ...524L...1M. arXiv:astro-ph/9906421. doi:10.1086/312293
Steigman, G. (2005). «Primordial Nucleosynthesis: Successes And Challenges». International Journal of Modern Physics E. 15: 1–36. Bibcode:2006IJMPE..15....1S. arXiv:astro-ph/0511534. doi:10.1142/S0218301306004028
Bertschinger, E. (1998). «Simulations of Structure Formation in the Universe». Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 36 (1): 599–654. Bibcode:1998ARA&A..36..599B. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.36.1.599
Fumagalli, M.; O'Meara, J. M.; Prochaska, J. X. (2011). «Detection of Pristine Gas Two Billion Years After the Big Bang». Science. 334 (6060): 1245–9. Bibcode:2011Sci...334.1245F. PMID 22075722. arXiv:1111.2334. doi:10.1126/science.1213581
Srianand, R.; Noterdaeme, P.; Ledoux, C.; Petitjean, P. (2008). «First detection of CO in a high-redshift damped Lyman-α system». Astronomy and Astrophysics. 482 (3): L39. Bibcode:2008A&A...482L..39S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200809727
Earman, John; Mosterín, Jesús (Março de 1999). «A Critical Look at Inflationary Cosmology». Philosophy of Science. 66 (1): 1–49. JSTOR 188736. doi:10.1086/392675
Penrose, R. (1989). Fergus, E. J., ed. Difficulties with Inflationary Cosmology. Proceedings of the 14th Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics. New York Academy of Sciences. pp. 249–264. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb50513.x
Rugh, S.E.; Zinkernagel, H. (Dezembro de 2002). «The quantum vacuum and the cosmological constant problem». Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics. 33 (4): 663–705. doi:10.1016/S1355-2198(02)00033-3
Yao, W. M.; et al. (2006). «Review of Particle Physics: Dark Matter» (PDF). Journal of Physics G. 33 (1): 1–1232. Bibcode:2006JPhG...33....1Y. arXiv:astro-ph/0601168. doi:10.1088/0954-3899/33/1/001
Diemand, Jürg; Zemp, Marcel; Moore, Ben; Stadel, Joachim; Carollo, C. Marcella (Dezembro de 2005). «Cusps in cold dark matter haloes». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 364 (2): 665–673. Bibcode:2005MNRAS.364..665D. arXiv:astro-ph/0504215. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09601.x
D. N. Spergel; et al. (2007). «Three-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Implications for Cosmology» (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 170: 377–408. Bibcode:2007ApJS..170..377S. arXiv:astro-ph/0603449. doi:10.1086/513700
Fred C. Adams; Gregory Laughlin (1997). «A dying Universe: the long-term fate and evolution of astrophysical objects». Reviews of Modern Physics. 69 (2): 337–372. Bibcode:1997RvMP...69..337A. arXiv:astro-ph/9701131. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.69.337 .
Caldwell, R. R; Kamionkowski, M.; Weinberg, N. N. (2003). «Phantom Energy and Cosmic Doomsday». Physical Review Letters. 91 (7): 071301. Bibcode:2003PhRvL..91g1301C. PMID 12935004. arXiv:astro-ph/0302506. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.071301
Hartle, J. H.; Hawking, S. (1983). «Wave Function of the Universe». Physical Review D. 28 (12): 2960–2975. Bibcode:1983PhRvD..28.2960H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.28.2960
Langlois, D. (2002). «Brane Cosmology: An Introduction». Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement. 148: 181–212. Bibcode:2002PThPS.148..181L. arXiv:hep-th/0209261. doi:10.1143/PTPS.148.181
Linde, A. (1986). «Eternal Chaotic Inflation». Modern Physics Letters A. 1 (2): 81–85. Bibcode:1986MPLA....1...81L. doi:10.1142/S0217732386000129
Linde, A. (1986). «Eternally Existing Self-Reproducing Chaotic Inflationary Universe». Physics Letters B. 175 (4): 395–400. Bibcode:1986PhLB..175..395L. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(86)90611-8
Craig, William Lane (1999). «The ultimate question of origins: God and the beginning of the Universe». Astrophysics and Space Science. 269-270 (1–4): 723–740. ISBN 978-94-010-5801-8. doi:10.1007/978-94-011-4114-7_85

eso.org

Srianand, R.; Petitjean, P.; Ledoux, C. (2000). «The microwave background temperature at the redshift of 2.33771». Nature. 408 (6815): 931–935. Bibcode:2000Natur.408..931S. arXiv:astro-ph/0012222. doi:10.1038/35050020. Resumo divulgativo – European Southern Observatory (Dezembro de 2000)

forbes.com

Siegel, Ethan. «Ask Ethan: How Do We Know The Universe Is 13.8 Billion Years Old?». Forbes (em inglês). Consultado em 21 de fevereiro de 2021

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Ivanchik, A. V.; Potekhin, A. Y.; Varshalovich, D. A. (1999). «The Fine-Structure Constant: A New Observational Limit on Its Cosmological Variation and Some Theoretical Consequences». Astronomy and Astrophysics. 343: 459. Bibcode:1999A&A...343..439I. arXiv:astro-ph/9810166
Goodman, J. (1995). «Geocentrism Reexamined». Physical Review D. 52 (4): 1821–1827. Bibcode:1995PhRvD..52.1821G. arXiv:astro-ph/9506068. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.52.1821
Slipher, V. M. (1913). «The Radial Velocity of the Andromeda Nebula». Lowell Observatory Bulletin. 1: 56–57. Bibcode:1913LowOB...2...56S
Slipher, V. M. (1915). «Spectrographic Observations of Nebulae». Popular Astronomy. 23. pp. 21–24. Bibcode:1915PA.....23Q..21S
Friedman, A. A. (1922). «Über die Krümmung des Raumes». Zeitschrift für Physik (em alemão). 10 (1): 377–386. Bibcode:1922ZPhy...10..377F. doi:10.1007/BF01332580
(English translation in: Friedman, A. (1999). «On the Curvature of Space». General Relativity and Gravitation. 31 (12): 1991–2000. Bibcode:1999GReGr..31.1991F. doi:10.1023/A:1026751225741 )
Lemaître, G. (1927). «Un univers homogène de masse constante et de rayon croissant rendant compte de la vitesse radiale des nébuleuses extragalactiques». Annals of the Scientific Society of Brussels (em francês). 47A: 41
(Translated in: Lemaître, G. (1931). «A Homogeneous Universe of Constant Mass and Growing Radius Accounting for the Radial Velocity of Extragalactic Nebulae». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 91: 483–490. Bibcode:1931MNRAS..91..483L. doi:10.1093/mnras/91.5.483 )
Lemaître, G. (1931). «The Evolution of the Universe: Discussion». Nature. 128 (3234): 699–701. Bibcode:1931Natur.128..704L. doi:10.1038/128704a0
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