Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Blue box" in Portuguese language version.
Phreaking consists of making long-distance phone calls free of charge. This is accomplished by using a blue-box, or MCI codes. A blue-box tricks the operator into thinking you have hung up, then the box is used to emulate operator tones. MCI codes are hacked using a program that will repeatedly dial, using a modem, a local long distance service’s dial-up. The program randomly tries 5 or 6 digit codes until it finds one that works. The hacker can then use this code to make all the long distance calls he wants.
1970 to 1979 Phreaking was mainly done by college students, businessmen and anyone who knew enough about electronics [enough to make a 555 IC to generate tones] and the Phone Company. Businessmen and a few college students used the "blue box" to get free calls. [...] ESS posed a big problem for phreaks then and even a bigger one now. ESS was not widespread, but where it was, blue boxing was next to impossible except for the most experienced phreak. [...] 1978 This year marked a change in phreaking: the Apple, now a computer that was affordable, could be programmed, and previous work could be saved on a cassette. Then just a short while later came the Apple Cat modem. With this modem, generating all blue box tones became even easier. Pretty soon programs that could imitate an operator were hitting the community. [...] The Blue Box: Blue boxes use a 2600hz tone to size control of telephone switches that use in-band signaling. The caller may then access special switch functions, with the usual purpose of making free long distance phone calls, using the tones provided by the Blue Box.
Phreak, a word construct by phone and breaking, was coined by John Draper who is a famous hacker in history. Blue Box is an invention of his. He used Blue Box to hack the telephone system by sending a specific tone to the phone switches, and then the call would be free.
Vamos seguir, como exemplo, dois destes jovens, Steve Jobs e Steve Wozniac, enquanto eles realizavam sua primeira máquina, a blue box, uma espécie de auxílio à pirataria, um pequeno dispositivo digital para telefonar sem pagar. [...] Finalmente, algumas dezenas de exemplares da blue box foram construídas e os dois Steve ganharam algum dinheiro, antes de perceber que a Máfia estava ficando interessada no assunto e abandonar o jogo.
Steve Jobs e Wozniac cresceram em um mundo de silício e circuitos. Juntos, desenvolveram a blue box, uma máquina para telefonar, pagar. Com o dinheiro das vendas fundaram a Apple e desenvolveram um computador dotado de circuitos originais, o Apple1.
Em 1972 Jobs concluiu os estudos secundários e iniciou um estágio na Hewlett-Packard (HP), como empregado temporário. Durante sua passagem pela HP, conheceu o funcionário Steve Wozniak, engenheiro brilhante que fabricava e vendia ilegalmente um componente chamado Blue Box, que permitia fazer ligações gratuitas.
While a handful of phreakers, like Engressia, came upon the tone by accident, most found the key in a 1954 article published in a technical journal by a Bell Telephone Laboratories engineer, wich casyally listed all of the exact frequencies used in Bell's multifrequency tone system, including how each of the frequencies funcioned.[...] Nevertheless, Draper visited Denny's house, where he discovered not a thirty-year-old man, as he had expected, but a blind teenager an three of his blind friends. [...] They asked him to build a multifrequency tone device, called an M-Fer, that could produce all the neccessary tones to master the phone system. At the time, the boys were using an electrig organ. When Draper returned home, it took the seasoned technician less than an hour to fashion his first "blue box".[...]M-Fers, wich later came to be known as blue boxes, worked by mimicking the twelve tones used to run the telephone comapny's trunking system—ten separate tones for the numbers 0 throught 9, plus a KP key (Key Pulse), which alerted the system that a phone number was to follow, and an ST key (Start), wich told the system to process the call. [...] Soon after Esquire hit the newsstands, phreaking exploded across the nation. [...] Tech-savvy readers also sought out the Bell Systems technical journal and built blue boxes of their own. Indeed, two students, Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, sneaked into the library at Stanford's Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) to do just that. Frustrated, they sought the advice of Cap'n Crunch himself, contacting him through KPFA, Berkeley's free-speech radio station. Wozniak and Jobs were taken aback when the mythic Cap'n Crunch arrived at Wozniak's UC-Berkeley dorm room. [...] Wozniak's first call was to the pope, "to confess", remembers Draper. Soon after, Wozniak and Jobs had sold enough blue boxes to finance a year of college. In June 1972 [...] Draper had already been arrested for wire fraud. [...] According to Draper, he was on his way home from a FORTRAN programming class in May 1972 when he was nabbled by "men in suits" at a 7-11 parking lot near his home in Mountain View, California. He received five year' probation.
O primeiro phreaker foi o Capitão Crunch, que descobriu que um pequeno apito encontrado em pacotes de salgadinhos possui a mesma frequência dos orelhões da AT&T, fazendo com que discassem de graça. Um programa comum utilizado é o blue box, que gera tons de 2600 pela placa de som, fazendo com que a companhia telefônica não reconheça a chamada.
"Captain Crunch" was a man named John Draper, who took his name from the cereal in which he found a toy whistle that exactle replicated the 2,600-cycle frequency critical to hacking the phone system. (AT&T had slipped up, printing the frequencies used in its long-distance switching system in the Bell System Technical Notes, a publication avidly read by all true phone phreaks. Draper became a member of the famous Homebrew Computer Club and a friend of Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, the founders of Apple Computer, who were inspired by Rosenbaum's article and later by Draper himself to make blue boxes they sold to Berkeley students. [...] And when Jobs and Wozniak hired him to design a phone interface for their Apple II computer, he created basically a blue box on a computer board.
Vamos seguir, como exemplo, dois destes jovens, Ste Jobs e Steve Wozniac, enquanto eles realizavam sua primeira máquina, a blue box, uma espécie de auxílio à pirataria, um pequeno dispositivo digital para telefonar sem pagar. [...] Finalmente, algumas dezenas de exemplares da blue box foram construídas e os dois Steves ganharam algum dinheiro, antes de perceber que a Máfia estava ficando interessada no assunto e abandonar o jogo.
You seem a few years ago the phone company made one big mistake, [...] They were careless enough to let some technical jounal publish the actual frequencies used to create all their multi-frequency tones. [...] It's all there on public record in that technical journal written mainly by Bell Lab people for other telephone egineers. Or at least it was public. "Just try and get a copy of that issue at some engineering-school library now. Bell has had them all red-tagged and withdrawn from circulation, [...] But it's too late. It's all public now. [...]" [...] The phone phreaks circulate the whole list of notes so there's no trial or error anymore. [...] I ask him who this Captain Chrunch person is. "Oh. The Captain. [...] He calls himself Captain Crunch after the notorious Cap'n Crunch 2600 whistle." (Several years ago, [...] the makers of Cap'n Crunch breakfast cereal offered a toy-whistle prize in every box as a treat for the Cp'n Crunch set. Somehow a phone phreak discovered that the toy whistle just happened to produce a perfect 2600-cycle tone. [...] He's an engineer who once got in a little trouble for fooling around with the fone, but he can't stop. [...] "[...] And if I do it, I do it for one reason and one reason only. I'm learning about a system. The phone company is a System. [...]" [...] "Ma Bell is a system I want to explore. It's a beautiful system, you know, but Ma Bell screwed up. I learned how she screwed up from a couple of blind kids who wanted me to build a device. A certain device. They said it could make free calls. I wasn't interested in free calls. But when these blind kids told me I could make calls into a computer, my eyes lit up. I wanted to learn about computes. I wanted to learn about Ma Bell's computers. So I built the little device. Only I built it wrong and Ma Bell found out. Ma Bell can detect thing like that. Ma Bell knows. So I'm strictly out of it now. I don't do it. Except for learning purposes.
Que o diga John T. DRAPER, vulgo captain crunch, cujo pseudônimo deriva da manobra por ele utilizada para fazer ligações de longa distância [...] a partir de um apito que vinha nas embalagens de um cereal com esse nome, em 1972. Valendo-se de um brinquedo, e da construção de um equipamento chamado blue box, o phreaker passou a ter acesso e controle sobre ligações em telefones públicos, sem que para isso fosse necessário depositar moedas.[...] Usando o apito, cap’n’crunch’ emulava a mesma freqüência sonora (2600 HZ) que o telefone público usava ao ser creditado para liberar uma conexão. Ao conseguir essa autorização da central telefônica, bastava usar uma blue box − a qual emulava os tons enviados por um aparelho de telefone comum − para que a conexão a longa distância com qualquer telefone fosse completada [...] O brinquedo (apito) que vinha dentro da embalagem do cereal Captain Crunch era capaz de produzir uma freqüência exata de 2600 Hz. Essa freqüência era igual aquela enviada pelo aparelho de telefone público para a sua central a fim de que fosse alcançado o modo operador (operator mode). O uso do apito simulava o envio da freqüência do telefone público à central telefônica, indicando que a partir dali deveria ser feita uma conexão de longa distância (trunk line connection). Aprimorando o sistema, John T. Draper desenvolveu as chamadas blue boxes, que eram na verdade instrumentos geradores de tons de freqüências que permitiam a comunicação com a central telefônica e posterior controle sobre o destino das ligações, sem que houvesse qualquer gasto em moedas para o phreaker [...].
The magazine 2600: The Hacker Quarterly, owes its name to a discovery in the 1960‘s that involved the use of a plastic toy whistle that produced a tone at 2600 hertz, which could gain the person access to operator controls in the phone system. The 2600 hertz whistle was easily found as the free toy in the Cap‘n Crunch cereal. The use of this exploit was discovered and capitalized on by John Draper who then used a 'blue box", a device that is used to create various tones, in order to gain control of long distance switching systems. After the phone companies and the authorities found Draper, he was charged under the federal laws concerning wire fraud[...]. [...] The early phone phreakers used blue boxes, which obtained their name from the first one confiscated by police having been the color blue, to manipulate the electromechanical switches that were used by the phone companies that operated on the same circuit as the voice transmissions [...].
In 1961, AT&T became aware of a device called a “blue box”. Blue boxes were relatively simple pieces of equipment that could produce all twelve tone combinations. To use a blue box, a phreak would call a toll-free line, making a connection between his local switch and the switching office serving the toll-free number. Before it rang, the user would press a button causing the box to emit a 2600 hertz tone. This tone is the same one continually emitted by an idle, unconnected switch. When the toll-free switching station detected this tone from the phreaker’s switch it assumed the caller has hung up, even though the phreaker’s line was still active. As soon as the tone ended, however, the toll-free switch once again registered the line as activated, and so it waited for a new number to be dialed. The phreaker entered this number with the blue box keypad, and the new call was made by the toll-free switch.Even though the switch servicing the toll-free number had made a new call, the phreaker’s line remained connected to the free number, and was not billed for the call. The exact inventor of the blue box is not known[...]. [...] By the 1970s, blue box use began to skyrocket for several reasons. [...] The history of AT&T’s counterattacks against phreakers started soon after the company first discovered the blue box in 1961. [...] Regardless, by 1977, AT&T had begun to change its systems, especially in urban areas, to make blue box use impossible.
Cybercrime evolved from hacking of another system, the public switched telephone network. These phone “phreakers” developed methods of breaking into phone systems to make longdistance calls for free. Perhaps, the most famous of these phreakers was John Draper (aka "Cap'n Crunch"), who discovered that toy whistles given away with Cap'n Crunch cereals generate a 2600- hertz sound, which can be used to access AT&T's long-distance switching system. Draper proceeded onto build a "blue box" which, when used together with the whistle, allowed phreakers to make free calls. Shortly after, wire fraud in the United States escalates. Draper was arrested on toll fraud charges in 1972 and sentenced to five years' probation.
the use of “blue boxes,”90 which allow people to make phone calls from any phone by emitting a sound over a frequency that leads the computer to believe the phone call was made by an operator;
Nesse tom meio festivo, meio de contestação, surgem os primeiros experimentos de micro informática. [...] Um desses primeiros equipamentos, o Blue Box, construído pelos jovens estudantes Steven Jobs (futuro fundador da Aple) e Steven Wozniac, era, como o nome indicava, pouco mais que uma caixa, mas tornou-se popular entre as comunidades de "nerds" da Califórnia pela sua (única) função: ligado a uma rede telefônica dos Estados Unidos, era capaz de fraudar ligações interurbanas, confundindo o sistema de tarifas das companhias. O equipamento foi logo tirado de circulação após seus desenvolvedores perceberem o risco legal que estavam correndo.
