Diao X, Huestis MA (fevereiro de 2017). «Approaches, Challenges, and Advances in Metabolism of New Synthetic Cannabinoids and Identification of Optimal Urinary Marker Metabolites». Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 101 (2): 239–253. PMID27727455. doi:10.1002/cpt.534
Cannaert A, Storme J, Franz F, Auwärter V, Stove CP (dezembro de 2016). «Detection and Activity Profiling of Synthetic Cannabinoids and Their Metabolites with a Newly Developed Bioassay». Analytical Chemistry (em inglês). 88 (23): 11476–11485. PMID27779402. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02600
Uchiyama N, Matsuda S, Kawamura M, Kikura-Hanajiri R, Goda Y (1 de julho de 2013). «Two new-type cannabimimetic quinolinyl carboxylates, QUPIC and QUCHIC, two new cannabimimetic carboxamide derivatives, ADB-FUBINACA and ADBICA, and five synthetic cannabinoids detected with a thiophene derivative α-PVT and an opioid receptor agonist AH-7921 identified in illegal products». Forensic Toxicology (em inglês). 31 (2): 223–240. ISSN1860-8965. doi:10.1007/s11419-013-0182-9
Zolot J (março de 2019). «Life-Threatening Bleeding and Deaths from Synthetic Cannabinoids». The American Journal of Nursing. 119 (3). 15 páginas. PMID30801303. doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000554023.28593.fd
Hermanns-Clausen M, Kneisel S, Szabo B, Auwärter V (março de 2013). «Acute toxicity due to the confirmed consumption of synthetic cannabinoids: clinical and laboratory findings». Addiction. 108 (3): 534–44. PMID22971158. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.04078.x
Young AC, Schwarz E, Medina G, Obafemi A, Feng SY, Kane C, Kleinschmidt K (setembro de 2012). «Cardiotoxicity associated with the synthetic cannabinoid, K9, with laboratory confirmation». The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 30 (7): 1320.e5–7. PMID21802885. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2011.05.013
Fattore L (abril de 2016). «Synthetic Cannabinoids-Further Evidence Supporting the Relationship Between Cannabinoids and Psychosis». Biological Psychiatry. 79 (7): 539–48. PMID26970364. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.02.001
Fisar Z (junho de 2010). «Inhibition of monoamine oxidase activity by cannabinoids». Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology. 381 (6): 563–72. PMID20401651. doi:10.1007/s00210-010-0517-6
Zavitsanou K, Wang H, Dalton VS, Nguyen V (agosto de 2010). «Cannabinoid administration increases 5HT1A receptor binding and mRNA expression in the hippocampus of adult but not adolescent rats». Neuroscience. 169 (1): 315–24. PMID20438810. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.04.005
Le Boisselier R, Alexandre J, Lelong-Boulouard V, Debruyne D (fevereiro de 2017). «Focus on cannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids». Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 101 (2): 220–229. PMID27861784. doi:10.1002/cpt.563
Wohlfarth A, Gandhi AS, Pang S, Zhu M, Scheidweiler KB, Huestis MA (fevereiro de 2014). «Metabolism of synthetic cannabinoids PB-22 and its 5-fluoro analog, 5F-PB-22, by human hepatocyte incubation and high-resolution mass spectrometry». Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 406 (6): 1763–80. PMID24518903. doi:10.1007/s00216-014-7668-0
Macher, Roland; Burke, Tod W; Owen, Stephen S (1 de maio de 2012). «Synthetic Marijuana». FBI: Law Enforcement Bulletin (em inglês). Consultado em 19 de março de 2020
Iowa Code § 124.204(4)(u)(PDF) (defining a Schedule I controlled substance to include "synthetic equivalents of the substances contained in the cannabis plant, or in the resinous extractives of such plant, and synthetic substances, derivatives, and their isomers with similar chemical structure and pharmacological activity to those substances contained in the plant....")
Diao X, Huestis MA (fevereiro de 2017). «Approaches, Challenges, and Advances in Metabolism of New Synthetic Cannabinoids and Identification of Optimal Urinary Marker Metabolites». Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 101 (2): 239–253. PMID27727455. doi:10.1002/cpt.534
Cannaert A, Storme J, Franz F, Auwärter V, Stove CP (dezembro de 2016). «Detection and Activity Profiling of Synthetic Cannabinoids and Their Metabolites with a Newly Developed Bioassay». Analytical Chemistry (em inglês). 88 (23): 11476–11485. PMID27779402. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02600
Zolot J (março de 2019). «Life-Threatening Bleeding and Deaths from Synthetic Cannabinoids». The American Journal of Nursing. 119 (3). 15 páginas. PMID30801303. doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000554023.28593.fd
Hermanns-Clausen M, Kneisel S, Szabo B, Auwärter V (março de 2013). «Acute toxicity due to the confirmed consumption of synthetic cannabinoids: clinical and laboratory findings». Addiction. 108 (3): 534–44. PMID22971158. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.04078.x
Young AC, Schwarz E, Medina G, Obafemi A, Feng SY, Kane C, Kleinschmidt K (setembro de 2012). «Cardiotoxicity associated with the synthetic cannabinoid, K9, with laboratory confirmation». The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 30 (7): 1320.e5–7. PMID21802885. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2011.05.013
Fattore L (abril de 2016). «Synthetic Cannabinoids-Further Evidence Supporting the Relationship Between Cannabinoids and Psychosis». Biological Psychiatry. 79 (7): 539–48. PMID26970364. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.02.001
Fisar Z (junho de 2010). «Inhibition of monoamine oxidase activity by cannabinoids». Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology. 381 (6): 563–72. PMID20401651. doi:10.1007/s00210-010-0517-6
Zavitsanou K, Wang H, Dalton VS, Nguyen V (agosto de 2010). «Cannabinoid administration increases 5HT1A receptor binding and mRNA expression in the hippocampus of adult but not adolescent rats». Neuroscience. 169 (1): 315–24. PMID20438810. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.04.005
Le Boisselier R, Alexandre J, Lelong-Boulouard V, Debruyne D (fevereiro de 2017). «Focus on cannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids». Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 101 (2): 220–229. PMID27861784. doi:10.1002/cpt.563
Wohlfarth A, Gandhi AS, Pang S, Zhu M, Scheidweiler KB, Huestis MA (fevereiro de 2014). «Metabolism of synthetic cannabinoids PB-22 and its 5-fluoro analog, 5F-PB-22, by human hepatocyte incubation and high-resolution mass spectrometry». Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 406 (6): 1763–80. PMID24518903. doi:10.1007/s00216-014-7668-0
Uchiyama N, Matsuda S, Kawamura M, Kikura-Hanajiri R, Goda Y (1 de julho de 2013). «Two new-type cannabimimetic quinolinyl carboxylates, QUPIC and QUCHIC, two new cannabimimetic carboxamide derivatives, ADB-FUBINACA and ADBICA, and five synthetic cannabinoids detected with a thiophene derivative α-PVT and an opioid receptor agonist AH-7921 identified in illegal products». Forensic Toxicology (em inglês). 31 (2): 223–240. ISSN1860-8965. doi:10.1007/s11419-013-0182-9