Combatente ilegal (Portuguese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Combatente ilegal" in Portuguese language version.

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Holmes D, Perron A (2007). «Violating ethics: unlawful combatants, national security and health professionals». J Med Ethics. 33 (3): 143–5. PMC 2598252. PMID 17329383. doi:10.1136/jme.2006.016550. The official position of the US government is that these detainees are not prisoners of war. Rather, they are unlawful combatants and, consequently, are not subject to the rules and regulations governing wartime, such as found in the Geneva Conventions. This distinction is legally suspect,12,13 but it is the basis on which the Bush administration has justified (or tolerated) torture.
Rowe P (2002). «Freedom fighters and rebels: the rules of civil war». J R Soc Med. 95 (1): 3–4. PMC 1279138. PMID 11773342. doi:10.1177/014107680209500102
Holmes D, Perron A (2007). «Violating ethics: unlawful combatants, national security and health professionals». J Med Ethics. 33 (3): 143–5. PMC 2598252. PMID 17329383. doi:10.1136/jme.2006.016550. The official position of the US government is that these detainees are not prisoners of war. Rather, they are unlawful combatants and, consequently, are not subject to the rules and regulations governing wartime, such as found in the Geneva Conventions. This distinction is legally suspect,12,13 but it is the basis on which the Bush administration has justified (or tolerated) torture.

Commentary for Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions
Dörmann, Knut (março de 2003). «The legal situation of unlawful/unprivileged combatants]» (PDF). IRRC. 85 (849)
The relevance of IHL in the context of terrorism official statement by the ICRC 21 July 2005. "If civilians directly engage in hostilities, they are considered 'unlawful' or 'unprivileged' combatants or belligerents (the treaties of humanitarian law do not expressly contain these terms). They may be prosecuted under the domestic law of the detaining state for such action".
Article 51 (3) of Additional Protocol I "Civilians shall enjoy the protection afforded by this section, unless and for such time as they take a direct part in hostilities". (Geneva Conventions Protocol I Article 51.3)

Holmes D, Perron A (2007). «Violating ethics: unlawful combatants, national security and health professionals». J Med Ethics. 33 (3): 143–5. PMC 2598252. PMID 17329383. doi:10.1136/jme.2006.016550. The official position of the US government is that these detainees are not prisoners of war. Rather, they are unlawful combatants and, consequently, are not subject to the rules and regulations governing wartime, such as found in the Geneva Conventions. This distinction is legally suspect,12,13 but it is the basis on which the Bush administration has justified (or tolerated) torture.
Rowe P (2002). «Freedom fighters and rebels: the rules of civil war». J R Soc Med. 95 (1): 3–4. PMC 1279138. PMID 11773342. doi:10.1177/014107680209500102
Holmes D, Perron A (2007). «Violating ethics: unlawful combatants, national security and health professionals». J Med Ethics. 33 (3): 143–5. PMC 2598252. PMID 17329383. doi:10.1136/jme.2006.016550. The official position of the US government is that these detainees are not prisoners of war. Rather, they are unlawful combatants and, consequently, are not subject to the rules and regulations governing wartime, such as found in the Geneva Conventions. This distinction is legally suspect,12,13 but it is the basis on which the Bush administration has justified (or tolerated) torture.

Under Article 47 of Protocol I (Additional to the Geneva Conventions) it is stated in the first sentence "A mercenary shall not have the right to be a combatant or a prisoner of war." On 4 December 1989 the United Nations passed resolution 44/34 the International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries. It entered into force on 20 October 2001 and is usually known as the UN Mercenary Convention]– International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries A/RES/44/34 72nd plenary meeting 4 December 1989 (UN Mercenary Convention). Article 2 makes it an offence to employ a mercenary and Article 3.1 states that "A mercenary, as defined in article 1 of the present Convention, who participates directly in hostilities or in a concerted act of violence, as the case may be, commits an offence for the purposes of the Convention." – International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries Arquivado em maio 8, 2012, no Wayback Machine

Under Article 47 of Protocol I (Additional to the Geneva Conventions) it is stated in the first sentence "A mercenary shall not have the right to be a combatant or a prisoner of war." On 4 December 1989 the United Nations passed resolution 44/34 the International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries. It entered into force on 20 October 2001 and is usually known as the UN Mercenary Convention]– International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries A/RES/44/34 72nd plenary meeting 4 December 1989 (UN Mercenary Convention). Article 2 makes it an offence to employ a mercenary and Article 3.1 states that "A mercenary, as defined in article 1 of the present Convention, who participates directly in hostilities or in a concerted act of violence, as the case may be, commits an offence for the purposes of the Convention." – International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries Arquivado em maio 8, 2012, no Wayback Machine

"Unlawful Combatants" in the United States: Drawing the Fine Line Between Law and War Arquivado em 14 outubro 2009 no Wayback Machine. Human Rights Magazine. 2003, publicado pela American Bar Association
Under Article 47 of Protocol I (Additional to the Geneva Conventions) it is stated in the first sentence "A mercenary shall not have the right to be a combatant or a prisoner of war." On 4 December 1989 the United Nations passed resolution 44/34 the International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries. It entered into force on 20 October 2001 and is usually known as the UN Mercenary Convention]– International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries A/RES/44/34 72nd plenary meeting 4 December 1989 (UN Mercenary Convention). Article 2 makes it an offence to employ a mercenary and Article 3.1 states that "A mercenary, as defined in article 1 of the present Convention, who participates directly in hostilities or in a concerted act of violence, as the case may be, commits an offence for the purposes of the Convention." – International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries Arquivado em maio 8, 2012, no Wayback Machine