An Economic History of the Middle East and North Africa - Charles Issawi, p211 [2]
The Precarious Balance: State and Society in Africa- Donald S. Rothchild, Naomi H. Chazan - Westview Press, 1988 - 357 pages, p42 [3]
"Urbain states in 1862 that the previous 32 years had killed, at a conservative estimate, over 480,000 people, not just soldiers." The Military and Colonial Destruction of the Roman Landscape of North Africa ... - Michael Greenhalgh, p. 366 [4]