Eventos climáticos extremos de 535–536 (Portuguese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Eventos climáticos extremos de 535–536" in Portuguese language version.

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13doi.org

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agu.org

Larsen, L. B.; Vinther, B. M.; Briffa, K. R.; Melvin, T. M.; Clausen, H. B.; Jones, P. D.; Siggaard-Andersen, M.-L.; Hammer, C. U.; et al. (2008). «New ice core evidence for a volcanic cause of the A.D. 536 dust veil». Geophys. Res. Lett. 35: L04708. Bibcode:2008GeoRL..3504708L. doi:10.1029/2007GL032450
Kutterolf, S. A. Freundt; W. Peréz (2008). «Pacific offshore record of plinian arc volcanism in Central America: 2. Tephra volumes and erupted masses». Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems. 9, Q02S02: n/a. Bibcode:2008GGG.....902S02K. doi:10.1029/2007GC001791

ahds.ac.uk

ads.ahds.ac.uk

Morten Axboe (1999). «The year 536 and the Scandinavian gold hoards» (PDF). Medieval Archaeology. 43: 186–188

archive.org

Keys, David Patrick (2000). Catastrophe: an investigation into the origins of the modern world. New York: Ballantine Pub. ISBN 978-0-345-40876-1

books.google.com

Procopius; Dewing, Henry Bronson, trans. (1916). Procopius. vol. 2: History of the [Vandalic] Wars, Books III and IV. London, England: William Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-674-99054-8
Cassiodorus; Hodgkin, Thomas, trans. (1886). The Letters of Cassiodorus. London, England: Henry Frowde. pp. 518–520 See: "25. Senator, Praetorian Praefect, to his deputy Ambrosius, an Illustris."

britarch.ac.uk

Dark, Ken (novembro de 1999). «Jumbling old events with modern myths». British Archaeology. Consultado em 14 de julho de 2020. Cópia arquivada em 25 de fevereiro de 2006

doi.org

dx.doi.org

Larsen, L. B.; Vinther, B. M.; Briffa, K. R.; Melvin, T. M.; Clausen, H. B.; Jones, P. D.; Siggaard-Andersen, M.-L.; Hammer, C. U.; et al. (2008). «New ice core evidence for a volcanic cause of the A.D. 536 dust veil». Geophys. Res. Lett. 35: L04708. Bibcode:2008GeoRL..3504708L. doi:10.1029/2007GL032450
Than, Ker (3 de janeiro de 2009). «Slam dunks from space led to hazy shade of winter». New Scientist. 201. 9 páginas. Bibcode:2009NewSc.201....9P. doi:10.1016/S0262-4079(09)60069-5
Stothers, R.B.; Rampino, M.R. (1983). «Volcanic eruptions in the Mediterranean before AD 630 from written and archaeological sources». Journal of Geophysical Research. 88: 6357–6471. doi:10.1029/JB088iB08p06357
Stothers, R.B. (16 de janeiro de 1984). «Mystery cloud of AD 536». Nature. 307: 344–345. doi:10.1038/307344a0
Rampino, M.R.; Self, S.; Stothers, R.B. (1988). «Volcanic winters». Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 16: 73–99. doi:10.1146/annurev.ea.16.050188.000445
Arjava, Antti (2005). «The mystery cloud of 536 CE in the Mediterranean sources». Dumbarton Oaks Papers. 59: 73–94. JSTOR 4128751. doi:10.2307/4128751
Rigby, Emma; Symonds, Melissa; Ward-Thompson, Derek (fevereiro de 2004). «A comet impact in AD536?». Astronomy and Geophysics. 45: 1.23–1.26. Bibcode:2004A&G....45a..23R. doi:10.1046/j.1468-4004.2003.45123.x
Stothers R.B. (26 de janeiro de 1984). «Mystery cloud of AD 536». Nature. 307: 344–345. Bibcode:1984Natur.307..344S. doi:10.1038/307344a0
Dull, R. A.; Southon, J. R.; Sheets, P. (2001). «Volcanism, ecology and culture: a reassessment of the Volcán Ilopango TBJ eruption in the southern Maya realm». Latin American Antiquity. 12: 25–44. JSTOR 971755. doi:10.2307/971755
Kutterolf, S. A. Freundt; W. Peréz (2008). «Pacific offshore record of plinian arc volcanism in Central America: 2. Tephra volumes and erupted masses». Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems. 9, Q02S02: n/a. Bibcode:2008GGG.....902S02K. doi:10.1029/2007GC001791
Victoria C. Smith; et al. (2020). «The magnitude and impact of the 431 CE Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Ilopango, El Salvador». PNAS. doi:10.1073/pnas.2003008117
Sigl, M.; Winstrup, M.; McConnell, J. R.; Welten, K. C.; Plunkett, G.; Ludlow, F.; Büntgen, U.; Caffee, M.; Chellman, N. (2015). «Timing and climate forcing of volcanic eruptions for the past 2,500 years». Nature. 523: 543–549. Bibcode:2015Natur.523..543S. PMID 26153860. doi:10.1038/nature14565 . Archived copy
Gao, Chaochao; Robock, Alan; Self, Stephen; Witter, Jeffrey B.; Steffenson, J. P.; Clausen, Henrik Brink; Siggaard-Andersen, Marie-Louise; Johnsen, Sigfus; Mayewski, Paul A. (2006). «The 1452 or 1453 A.D. Kuwae Eruption Signal Derived from Multiple Ice Core Records: Greatest Volcanic Sulfate Event of the Past 700 Years» (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. 111: 11. Bibcode:2006JGRD..11112107G. doi:10.1029/2005JD006710

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Abbott, D. H.; Biscaye, P.; Cole-Dai, J.; Breger, D. (dezembro de 2008). «Magnetite and Silicate Spherules from the GISP2 Core at the 536 A.D. Horizon». AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts. 41: 41B–1454. Bibcode:2008AGUFMPP41B1454A. Abstract #PP41B-1454
Larsen, L. B.; Vinther, B. M.; Briffa, K. R.; Melvin, T. M.; Clausen, H. B.; Jones, P. D.; Siggaard-Andersen, M.-L.; Hammer, C. U.; et al. (2008). «New ice core evidence for a volcanic cause of the A.D. 536 dust veil». Geophys. Res. Lett. 35: L04708. Bibcode:2008GeoRL..3504708L. doi:10.1029/2007GL032450
Than, Ker (3 de janeiro de 2009). «Slam dunks from space led to hazy shade of winter». New Scientist. 201. 9 páginas. Bibcode:2009NewSc.201....9P. doi:10.1016/S0262-4079(09)60069-5
Rigby, Emma; Symonds, Melissa; Ward-Thompson, Derek (fevereiro de 2004). «A comet impact in AD536?». Astronomy and Geophysics. 45: 1.23–1.26. Bibcode:2004A&G....45a..23R. doi:10.1046/j.1468-4004.2003.45123.x
Stothers R.B. (26 de janeiro de 1984). «Mystery cloud of AD 536». Nature. 307: 344–345. Bibcode:1984Natur.307..344S. doi:10.1038/307344a0
Dull, R.; J.R. Southon; S. Kutterolf; A. Freundt; D. Wahl; P. Sheets (13–17 de dezembro de 2010). «Did the TBJ Ilopango eruption cause the AD 536 event?». AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts. 13: V13C–2370. Bibcode:2010AGUFM.V13C2370D
Kutterolf, S. A. Freundt; W. Peréz (2008). «Pacific offshore record of plinian arc volcanism in Central America: 2. Tephra volumes and erupted masses». Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems. 9, Q02S02: n/a. Bibcode:2008GGG.....902S02K. doi:10.1029/2007GC001791
Sigl, M.; Winstrup, M.; McConnell, J. R.; Welten, K. C.; Plunkett, G.; Ludlow, F.; Büntgen, U.; Caffee, M.; Chellman, N. (2015). «Timing and climate forcing of volcanic eruptions for the past 2,500 years». Nature. 523: 543–549. Bibcode:2015Natur.523..543S. PMID 26153860. doi:10.1038/nature14565 . Archived copy
Gao, Chaochao; Robock, Alan; Self, Stephen; Witter, Jeffrey B.; Steffenson, J. P.; Clausen, Henrik Brink; Siggaard-Andersen, Marie-Louise; Johnsen, Sigfus; Mayewski, Paul A. (2006). «The 1452 or 1453 A.D. Kuwae Eruption Signal Derived from Multiple Ice Core Records: Greatest Volcanic Sulfate Event of the Past 700 Years» (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. 111: 11. Bibcode:2006JGRD..11112107G. doi:10.1029/2005JD006710

hathitrust.org

babel.hathitrust.org

Michel le Syrien; Chabot, J.-B., trans. (1901). Chronique de Michel le Syrien, Patriarche Jacobite d'Antoche (em francês). 2nd vol. Paris, France: Leroux. pp. 220–221 From pp. 220–221: "Or, un peu auparavant, en l'an 848, il y eut un signe dans le soleil. …, et le vin avait le goût de celui qui provient de raisins acides." (However, a little earlier, in the year 848 [according to the Greek calendar; 536/537 AD according to the Christian calendar], there was a sign in the sun. One had never seen it [before] and nowhere is it written that such [an event] had happened [previously] in the world. If it were not [true] that we found it recorded in most proven and credible writings, and confirmed by men worthy of belief, we would not have written it [here]; for it's difficult to conceive. So it is said that the sun was darkened, and that its eclipse lasted a year and a half, that is, eighteen months. Every day it shone for about four hours and yet this light was only a feeble shadow. Everyone declared that it would not return to the state of its original light. Fruits didn't ripen, and wine had the taste of what comes from sour grapes.)

jstor.org

Arjava, Antti (2005). «The mystery cloud of 536 CE in the Mediterranean sources». Dumbarton Oaks Papers. 59: 73–94. JSTOR 4128751. doi:10.2307/4128751
Dull, R. A.; Southon, J. R.; Sheets, P. (2001). «Volcanism, ecology and culture: a reassessment of the Volcán Ilopango TBJ eruption in the southern Maya realm». Latin American Antiquity. 12: 25–44. JSTOR 971755. doi:10.2307/971755

lanl.gov

ees1.lanl.gov

Wohletz, Ken, Were the Dark Ages Triggered by Volcano-Related Climate Changes in the 6th Century? Arquivado em 2003-06-18 no Wayback Machine

nerc.ac.uk

nora.nerc.ac.uk

Sigl, M.; Winstrup, M.; McConnell, J. R.; Welten, K. C.; Plunkett, G.; Ludlow, F.; Büntgen, U.; Caffee, M.; Chellman, N. (2015). «Timing and climate forcing of volcanic eruptions for the past 2,500 years». Nature. 523: 543–549. Bibcode:2015Natur.523..543S. PMID 26153860. doi:10.1038/nature14565 . Archived copy

newscientist.com

«Comet smashes triggered ancient famine». New Scientist. 7 de janeiro de 2009

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Sigl, M.; Winstrup, M.; McConnell, J. R.; Welten, K. C.; Plunkett, G.; Ludlow, F.; Büntgen, U.; Caffee, M.; Chellman, N. (2015). «Timing and climate forcing of volcanic eruptions for the past 2,500 years». Nature. 523: 543–549. Bibcode:2015Natur.523..543S. PMID 26153860. doi:10.1038/nature14565 . Archived copy

qub.ac.uk

pure.qub.ac.uk

Sigl, M.; Winstrup, M.; McConnell, J. R.; Welten, K. C.; Plunkett, G.; Ludlow, F.; Büntgen, U.; Caffee, M.; Chellman, N. (2015). «Timing and climate forcing of volcanic eruptions for the past 2,500 years». Nature. 523: 543–549. Bibcode:2015Natur.523..543S. PMID 26153860. doi:10.1038/nature14565 . Archived copy

rutgers.edu

climate.envsci.rutgers.edu

Gao, Chaochao; Robock, Alan; Self, Stephen; Witter, Jeffrey B.; Steffenson, J. P.; Clausen, Henrik Brink; Siggaard-Andersen, Marie-Louise; Johnsen, Sigfus; Mayewski, Paul A. (2006). «The 1452 or 1453 A.D. Kuwae Eruption Signal Derived from Multiple Ice Core Records: Greatest Volcanic Sulfate Event of the Past 700 Years» (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. 111: 11. Bibcode:2006JGRD..11112107G. doi:10.1029/2005JD006710

sciencemag.org

Gibbons, Ann (15 de novembro de 2018). «Why 536 was 'the worst year to be alive'». Science | AAAS (em inglês). Consultado em 16 de novembro de 2018

ucc.ie

web.archive.org

Wohletz, Ken, Were the Dark Ages Triggered by Volcano-Related Climate Changes in the 6th Century? Arquivado em 2003-06-18 no Wayback Machine
Dark, Ken (novembro de 1999). «Jumbling old events with modern myths». British Archaeology. Consultado em 14 de julho de 2020. Cópia arquivada em 25 de fevereiro de 2006