Guerra de Secessão (Portuguese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Guerra de Secessão" in Portuguese language version.

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McPherson, James M. (1 de março de 1994). What They Fought For 1861–1865. [S.l.]: Louisiana State University Press. p. 62. ISBN 9780807119044 |
McPherson, James M. (3 de abril de 1997). For Cause and Comrades. [S.l.]: Oxford University Press. p. 39. ISBN 9780195090239
Chadwick, French Ensor (1906). Causes of the civil war, 1859-1861. unknown library. [S.l.]: New York, London, Harper & brothers
Krannawitter 2008, p. 49–50. Krannawitter, Thomas L. (2008). Vindicating Lincoln : defending the politics of our greatest president. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7425-5972-1
Krannawitter 2008, p. 232. Krannawitter, Thomas L. (2008). Vindicating Lincoln : defending the politics of our greatest president. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7425-5972-1
Rhodes, James Ford. History of the United States from the compromise of 1850 to the McKinley-Bryan campaign of 1896 Volume III (1920) pp. 41–66
Rhodes, James Ford. History of the United States from the compromise of 1850 to the McKinley-Bryan campaign of 1896 Volume III (1920) pp. 147–52
James Ford Rhodes, History of the United States from the compromise of 1850 to the McKinley-Bryan campaign of 1896 Volume III (1920) pp. 291–92
Howard, F. K. (Frank Key) (1863). Fourteen Months in American Bastiles. London: H.F. Mackintosh. Consultado em 18 de agosto de 2014
Weigley 2004, p. 55. Weigley, Frank Russell (2004). A Great Civil War: A Military and Political History, 1861–1865. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-33738-2
Keegan 2009, p. 57. Keegan, John (2009). The American Civil War: A Military History. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-307-26343-8
Keegan 2009, p. 100. Keegan, John (2009). The American Civil War: A Military History. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-307-26343-8
Keegan 2009, p. 270. Keegan, John (2009). The American Civil War: A Military History. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-307-26343-8
Keegan 2009, p. 220–21. Keegan, John (2009). The American Civil War: A Military History. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-307-26343-8
U.S. Grant (1990). Personal Memoirs of U.S. Grant; Selected Letters. [S.l.]: Library of America. p. 247. ISBN 978-0-940450-58-5

army.mil

history.army.mil

"With an actual strength of 1,080 officers and 14,926 enlisted men on June 30, 1860, the Regular Army ..." Civil War Extracts pp. 199–221, American Military History.

battlefields.org

«Civil War Facts». American Battlefield Trust. American Battlefield Trust. 16 de agosto de 2011. Consultado em 7 de outubro de 2018
«Ulysses S. Grant: The Myth of 'Unconditional Surrender' Begins at Fort Donelson». American Battlefield Trust. 17 de abril de 2009. Cópia arquivada em 7 de fevereiro de 2016
[3] American Battlefield Trust announcement, May 8, 2018. Accessed May 30, 2018.
«Saved Land & Opportunities». American Battlefield Trust (em inglês). Consultado em 1 de dezembro de 2022

books.google.com

Chambers & Anderson 1999, p. 849. Chambers, John W.; Anderson, Fred (1999). The Oxford Companion to American Military History. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507198-6
Hutchison, Coleman (2015). A History of American Civil War Literature. [S.l.]: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781316432419
Freehling, William W. (1 de outubro de 2008). The Road to Disunion: Volume II: Secessionists Triumphant, 1854–1861 (em inglês). [S.l.]: Oxford University Press. pp. 9–24. ISBN 9780199839919 Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress: 1789-1988. [S.l.]: Simon & Schuster Books For Young Readers. pp. 111–115. ISBN 9780029201701 and Foner, Eric (2 de outubro de 1980). Politics and Ideology in the Age of the Civil War (em inglês). [S.l.]: Oxford University Press. pp. 18–20, 21–24. ISBN 9780199727087
Weeks 2013, p. 240. Weeks, William E. (2013). The New Cambridge History of American Foreign Relations. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-00590-7
Olsen 2002, p. 237. Olsen, Christopher J. (2002). Political Culture and Secession in Mississippi: Masculinity, Honor, and the Antiparty Tradition, 1830–1860. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516097-0
Bestor, Arthur (1988). «The American Civil War as a Constitutional Crisis». In: Friedman, Lawrence Meir; Scheiber, Harry N. American Law and the Constitutional Order: Historical Perspectives. The American Historical Review (em inglês). 69. [S.l.]: Harvard University Press. pp. 327–352. ISBN 9780674025271. ISSN 0002-8762. JSTOR 1844986. doi:10.2307/1844986
Ahlstrom 1972, p. 648–649. Ahlstrom, Sydney E. (1972). A Religious History of the American People. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-01762-5
Jon L. Wakelyn (1996). Southern Pamphlets on Secession, November 1860 – April 1861. [S.l.]: U. of North Carolina Press. pp. 23–30. ISBN 978-0-8078-6614-6
Jaffa, Harry V. (2004). A New Birth of Freedom: Abraham Lincoln and the Coming of the Civil War (em inglês). [S.l.]: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 1. ISBN 9780847699537 ^{[ligação inativa]}
Howard Louis Conard (1901). Encyclopedia of the History of Missouri. [S.l.: s.n.] p. 45
Neely 1993, p. 10–11. Neely, Mark (1993). Confederate Bastille: Jefferson Davis and Civil Liberties. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Marquette University Press. ISBN 978-0-87462-325-3
Nicolay, John George; Hay, John (1890). Abraham Lincoln: A History (em inglês). [S.l.]: Century Company
Coulter, E. Merton (1 de junho de 1950). The Confederate States of America, 1861—1865: A History of the South (em inglês). [S.l.]: LSU Press. p. 308. ISBN 9780807100073
Nicolay, John George; Hay, John (1890). Abraham Lincoln: A History (em inglês). [S.l.]: Century Company state: "Desde a organização do governo de Montgomery, em fevereiro, foram feitas quatro chamadas diferentes para voluntários do Sul ... Em sua mensagem de 29 de abril ao Congresso rebelde, Jefferson Davis propôs organizar para ação instantânea um exército de 100.000 ..." Coulter relata que Alexander Stephens entendeu que Davis queria o controle unilateral de um exército permanente, e a partir daquele momento se tornou seu oponente implacável.
Faust, Albert Bernhardt (1909). The German Element in the United States: With Special Reference to Its Political, Moral, Social, and Educational Influence (em inglês). [S.l.]: Houghton Mifflin Company The railroads and banks grew rapidly. See Oberholtzer, Ellis Paxson. Jay Cooke: Financier Of The Civil War. 2. [S.l.: s.n.] 1907. pp. 378–430 . See also Oberholtzer, Ellis Parson (1926). A history of the United States since the Civil War (em inglês). [S.l.]: The Macmillan company. pp. 69–12
Perman & Taylor 2010, p. 177. Perman, Michael; Taylor, Amy M. (2010). Major Problems in the Civil War and Reconstruction: Documents and Essays 3 ed. Boston, Massachusetts: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-618-87520-7
Roger Pickenpaugh (2013). Captives in Blue: The Civil War Prisons of the Confederacy. [S.l.]: University of Alabama Press. pp. 57–73. ISBN 9780817317836
Tucker, Pierpaoli & White 2010, p. 1466. Tucker, Spencer C.; Pierpaoli, Paul G.; White, William E. (2010). The Civil War Naval Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-338-5
Welles 1865, p. 152. Welles, Gideon (1865). Secretary of the Navy's Report. 37–38. [S.l.]: American Seamen's Friend Society
Tucker, Pierpaoli & White 2010, p. 462. Tucker, Spencer C.; Pierpaoli, Paul G.; White, William E. (2010). The Civil War Naval Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-338-5
Canney 1998, p. ?. Canney, Donald L. (1998). Lincoln's Navy: The Ships, Men and Organization, 1861–65. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-55750-519-4
Nelson 2005, p. 92. Nelson, James L. (2005). Reign of Iron: The Story of the First Battling Ironclads, the Monitor and the Merrimack. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-052404-3
Anderson 1989, p. 300. Anderson, Bern (1989). By Sea and By River: The naval history of the Civil War. New York, New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-80367-3
Nelson 2005, p. 345. Nelson, James L. (2005). Reign of Iron: The Story of the First Battling Ironclads, the Monitor and the Merrimack. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-052404-3
Richter 2009, p. 49. Richter, William L. (2009). The A to Z of the Civil War and Reconstruction. Lanham: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6336-1
Anderson 1989, pp. 288–89, 296–98. Anderson, Bern (1989). By Sea and By River: The naval history of the Civil War. New York, New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-80367-3
Stern 1962, pp. 224–225. Stern, Phillip Van Doren (1962). The Confederate Navy. [S.l.]: Doubleday & Company, Inc
Jones 2002, p. 225. Jones, Howard (2002). Crucible of Power: A History of American Foreign Relations to 1913. Wilmington, Delaware: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8420-2916-2
Herring 2011, p. 237. Herring, George C. (2011). From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign Relations since 1776. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-976553-9
Herring 2011, p. 261. Herring, George C. (2011). From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign Relations since 1776. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-976553-9
Anderson 1989, p. 91. Anderson, Bern (1989). By Sea and By River: The naval history of the Civil War. New York, New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-80367-3
Jonathan A. Noyalas (3 de dezembro de 2010). Stonewall Jackson's 1862 Valley Campaign. [S.l.]: Arcadia Publishing. p. 93. ISBN 9781614230403
Frank & Reaves 2003, p. 170. Frank, Joseph Allan; Reaves, George A. (2003). Seeing the Elephant: Raw Recruits at the Battle of Shiloh. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-07126-3
Symonds & Clipson 2001, p. 92. Symonds, Craig L.; Clipson, William J. (2001). The Naval Institute Historical Atlas of the U.S. Navy. [S.l.]: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-55750-984-0
Ron Field (2013). Petersburg 1864–65: The Longest Siege. [S.l.]: Osprey Publishing. p. 6. ISBN 9781472803054
Morris, John Wesley (1977). Ghost Towns of Oklahoma (em inglês). [S.l.]: University of Oklahoma Press. p. 68. ISBN 9780806114200
Murray, Bernstein & Knox 1996, p. 235. Murray, Williamson; Bernstein, Alvin; Knox, MacGregor (1996). The Making of Strategy: Rulers, States, and War. Cabmbridge, New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-56627-8
McPherson 1997, pp. 169–72. McPherson, James M. (1997). For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-974105-2
Gallagher 1999, p. 57. Gallagher, Gary W. (1999). The Confederate War. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-16056-9
Vinovskis 1990, p. 7. Vinovskis, Maris (1990). Toward a Social History of the American Civil War: Exploratory Essays. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-39559-5
Ron Field and Peter Dennis (2013). American Civil War Fortifications (2): Land and Field Fortifications. [S.l.]: Osprey Publishing. p. 4. ISBN 9781472805317
Foner 1981, p. ?. Foner, Eric (1981). Politics and Ideology in the Age of the Civil War. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-502926-0. Consultado em 20 de abril de 2012
Foner 2010, p. 74. Foner, Eric (2010). The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery. New York: W. W. Norton & Co. ISBN 978-0-393-34066-2
Winters 1963, p. 237. Winters, John D. (1963). The Civil War in Louisiana. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8071-0834-5
Asante & Mazama 2004, p. 82. Asante, Molefi Kete; Mazama, Ama (2004). Encyclopedia of Black Studies. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications. ISBN 978-0-7619-2762-4
Holzer & Gabbard 2007, p. 172–174. Holzer, Harold; Gabbard, Sara Vaughn (2007). Lincoln and Freedom: Slavery, Emancipation, and the Thirteenth Amendment. Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 978-0-8093-2764-5
Steven E. Woodworth (1996). The American Civil War: A Handbook of Literature and Research. [S.l.: s.n.] p. 208. ISBN 9780313290190
Stephen Cushman (2014). Belligerent Muse: Five Northern Writers and How They Shaped Our Understanding of the Civil War. [S.l.: s.n.] pp. 5–6. ISBN 9781469618784
Richard Hofstadter (2012) [1968]. Progressive Historians. [S.l.]: Knopf Doubleday. p. 304. ISBN 9780307809605
Buckley, John (9 de maio de 2006). Air Power in the Age of Total War (em inglês). [S.l.]: Routledge. p. 6,24. ISBN 9781135362751
Keegan, John (20 de outubro de 2009). The American Civil War (em inglês). [S.l.]: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 75. ISBN 9780307273147

c-span.org

Gallagher, Gary (21 de fevereiro de 2011). Remembering the Civil War (Discurso). Sesquicentennial of the Start of the Civil War (em inglês). Miller Center of Public Affairs UV: C-Span. Consultado em 29 de agosto de 2017. Questões relacionadas à instituição da escravidão precipitaram a secessão... Não eram direitos dos estados. Não era uma tarifa. Não foi a infelicidade com forma de costumes que levaram à secessão e, eventualmente, à guerra. Era um conjunto de questões que dividiam profundamente a nação ao longo de uma linha de falha delineada pela instituição da escravidão.
Gallagher, Gary (21 de fevereiro de 2011). Remembering the Civil War (Discurso). Sesquicentennial of the Start of the Civil War (em inglês). Miller Center of Public Affairs UV: C-Span. Consultado em 29 de agosto de 2017. Os cidadãos leais inicialmente pensavam muito pouco na emancipação em sua busca para salvar a União. A maioria dos cidadãos leais, embora profundamente preconceituosa pelos padrões do século XXI, adotou a emancipação como uma ferramenta para punir os senhores de escravos, enfraquecer os confederados e proteger a União dos futuros conflitos internos. Uma minoria da população branca invocou fundamentos morais para atacar a escravidão, embora seus argumentos tivessem um peso muito menos popular do que aqueles que apresentavam a emancipação como uma medida militar necessária para derrotar os rebeldes e restaurar a União.

cantondailyledger.com

Eskridge, Larry (29 de janeiro de 2011). «After 150 years, we still ask: Why 'this cruel war'?.». Canton Daily Ledger. Canton, Illinois. Consultado em 29 de janeiro de 2011. Cópia arquivada em 1 de fevereiro de 2011

carlisle-army.mil

Ronald Scott Mangum, "The Vicksburg Campaign: A Study In Joint Operations," Parameters: U.S. Army War College (1991) 21#3, pp. 74–86 online Arquivado em novembro 27, 2012, no Wayback Machine

census.gov

www2.census.gov

Railroad length is from: Chauncey Depew (ed.), One Hundred Years of American Commerce 1795–1895, p. 111; For other data see: 1860 U.S. Census and Carter, Susan B., ed. The Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition (5 vols), 2006.

civil-war.net

Ordinances of Secession by State Arquivado em 2004-06-11 no Wayback Machine. Retrieved November 28, 2012.

civilwar.org

«Female Soldiers in the Civil War». Civilwar.org. 25 de janeiro de 2013. Consultado em 9 de agosto de 2015

civilwarhome.com

Fox, William F. Regimental losses in the American Civil War (1889)

cornell.edu

ebooks.library.cornell.edu

"The war of the rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies; Series 4 – Volume 2", United States. War Dept 1900.

cwemancipation.wordpress.com

Shaffer, Donald R. (18 de abril de 2011). «Slavery and Secession – 1860 Census Statistics». Civil War Emancipation (em inglês). Consultado em 1 de dezembro de 2022

doi.org

dx.doi.org

Hacker 2011, p. 307–48. Hacker, J. David (dezembro de 2011). «A Census-Based Count of the Civil War Dead». Civil War History. 57 (4): 307–48. PMID 22512048. doi:10.1353/cwh.2011.0061
Kuriwaki, Shiro; Huff, Connor; Hall, Andrew B. (2019). «Wealth, Slaveownership, and Fighting for the Confederacy: An Empirical Study of the American Civil War». American Political Science Review (em inglês). 113 (3): 658–673. ISSN 0003-0554. doi:10.1017/S0003055419000170
Bestor 1964, p. 19. Bestor, Arthur (1964). «The American Civil War as a Constitutional Crisis». American Historical Review. 69 (2): 327–52. JSTOR 1844986. doi:10.2307/1844986
Bestor 1964, pp. 19–21. Bestor, Arthur (1964). «The American Civil War as a Constitutional Crisis». American Historical Review. 69 (2): 327–52. JSTOR 1844986. doi:10.2307/1844986
Bestor 1964, p. 20. Bestor, Arthur (1964). «The American Civil War as a Constitutional Crisis». American Historical Review. 69 (2): 327–52. JSTOR 1844986. doi:10.2307/1844986
Russell 1966, p. 468–69. Russell, Robert R. (1966). «Constitutional Doctrines with Regard to Slavery in Territories». Journal of Southern History. 32 (4): 466–86. JSTOR 2204926. doi:10.2307/2204926
Bestor, Arthur (1988). «The American Civil War as a Constitutional Crisis». In: Friedman, Lawrence Meir; Scheiber, Harry N. American Law and the Constitutional Order: Historical Perspectives. The American Historical Review (em inglês). 69. [S.l.]: Harvard University Press. pp. 327–352. ISBN 9780674025271. ISSN 0002-8762. JSTOR 1844986. doi:10.2307/1844986
Bestor 1964, pp. 21–23. Bestor, Arthur (1964). «The American Civil War as a Constitutional Crisis». American Historical Review. 69 (2): 327–52. JSTOR 1844986. doi:10.2307/1844986
Bestor 1964, p. 21. Bestor, Arthur (1964). «The American Civil War as a Constitutional Crisis». American Historical Review. 69 (2): 327–52. JSTOR 1844986. doi:10.2307/1844986
Bestor 1964, p. 23. Bestor, Arthur (1964). «The American Civil War as a Constitutional Crisis». American Historical Review. 69 (2): 327–52. JSTOR 1844986. doi:10.2307/1844986
Russell 1966, p. 470. Russell, Robert R. (1966). «Constitutional Doctrines with Regard to Slavery in Territories». Journal of Southern History. 32 (4): 466–86. JSTOR 2204926. doi:10.2307/2204926
Bestor 1964, p. 23–24. Bestor, Arthur (1964). «The American Civil War as a Constitutional Crisis». American Historical Review. 69 (2): 327–52. JSTOR 1844986. doi:10.2307/1844986
Bestor 1964, p. 24–25. Bestor, Arthur (1964). «The American Civil War as a Constitutional Crisis». American Historical Review. 69 (2): 327–52. JSTOR 1844986. doi:10.2307/1844986
Hofstadter 1938, p. 50–55. Hofstadter, Richard (1938). «The Tariff Issue on the Eve of the Civil War». American Historical Review. 44 (1): 50–55. JSTOR 1840850. doi:10.2307/1840850
Potter 1962, p. 924–50. Potter, David M. (1962). «The Historian's Use of Nationalism and Vice Versa». American Historical Review. 67 (4): 924–50. JSTOR 1845246. doi:10.2307/1845246
Bearman, Peter S. (1991). «Desertion as Localism: Army Unit Solidarity and Group Norms in the U.S. Civil War». Social Forces. 70 (2): 321–342. JSTOR 2580242. doi:10.1093/sf/70.2.321
Neely, Mark E. Jr. (1986). «The Perils of Running the Blockade: The Influence of International Law in an Era of Total War». Civil War History (2): 101–118. ISSN 1533-6271. doi:10.1353/cwh.1986.0012. Consultado em 1 de dezembro de 2022
Dupont, Brandon; Rosenbloom, Joshua L. (2018). «The Economic Origins of the Postwar Southern Elite». Explorations in Economic History. 68: 119–131. doi:10.1016/j.eeh.2017.09.002

economist.com

The Economist, "The Civil War: Finally Passing", April 2, 2011, pp. 23–25.

essentialcivilwarcurriculum.com

«Presidents Who Were Civil War Veterans - Essential Civil War Curriculum»

historytoday.com

see Alan Farmer, History Review (2005), No. 52: 15–20.

iastate.edu

lib.dr.iastate.edu

Dupont, Brandon; Rosenbloom, Joshua L. (2018). «The Economic Origins of the Postwar Southern Elite». Explorations in Economic History. 68: 119–131. doi:10.1016/j.eeh.2017.09.002

jhu.edu

mtw160-198.ippl.jhu.edu

Judith Lee Hallock, "The Role of the Community in Civil War Desertion." Civil War History (1983) 29#2 pp. 123–34. online

muse.jhu.edu

Neely, Mark E. Jr. (1986). «The Perils of Running the Blockade: The Influence of International Law in an Era of Total War». Civil War History (2): 101–118. ISSN 1533-6271. doi:10.1353/cwh.1986.0012. Consultado em 1 de dezembro de 2022

jstor.org

Bestor 1964, p. 19. Bestor, Arthur (1964). «The American Civil War as a Constitutional Crisis». American Historical Review. 69 (2): 327–52. JSTOR 1844986. doi:10.2307/1844986
Bestor 1964, pp. 19–21. Bestor, Arthur (1964). «The American Civil War as a Constitutional Crisis». American Historical Review. 69 (2): 327–52. JSTOR 1844986. doi:10.2307/1844986
Bestor 1964, p. 20. Bestor, Arthur (1964). «The American Civil War as a Constitutional Crisis». American Historical Review. 69 (2): 327–52. JSTOR 1844986. doi:10.2307/1844986
Russell 1966, p. 468–69. Russell, Robert R. (1966). «Constitutional Doctrines with Regard to Slavery in Territories». Journal of Southern History. 32 (4): 466–86. JSTOR 2204926. doi:10.2307/2204926
Bestor, Arthur (1988). «The American Civil War as a Constitutional Crisis». In: Friedman, Lawrence Meir; Scheiber, Harry N. American Law and the Constitutional Order: Historical Perspectives. The American Historical Review (em inglês). 69. [S.l.]: Harvard University Press. pp. 327–352. ISBN 9780674025271. ISSN 0002-8762. JSTOR 1844986. doi:10.2307/1844986
Bestor 1964, pp. 21–23. Bestor, Arthur (1964). «The American Civil War as a Constitutional Crisis». American Historical Review. 69 (2): 327–52. JSTOR 1844986. doi:10.2307/1844986
Bestor 1964, p. 21. Bestor, Arthur (1964). «The American Civil War as a Constitutional Crisis». American Historical Review. 69 (2): 327–52. JSTOR 1844986. doi:10.2307/1844986
Bestor 1964, p. 23. Bestor, Arthur (1964). «The American Civil War as a Constitutional Crisis». American Historical Review. 69 (2): 327–52. JSTOR 1844986. doi:10.2307/1844986
Russell 1966, p. 470. Russell, Robert R. (1966). «Constitutional Doctrines with Regard to Slavery in Territories». Journal of Southern History. 32 (4): 466–86. JSTOR 2204926. doi:10.2307/2204926
Bestor 1964, p. 23–24. Bestor, Arthur (1964). «The American Civil War as a Constitutional Crisis». American Historical Review. 69 (2): 327–52. JSTOR 1844986. doi:10.2307/1844986
Bestor 1964, p. 24–25. Bestor, Arthur (1964). «The American Civil War as a Constitutional Crisis». American Historical Review. 69 (2): 327–52. JSTOR 1844986. doi:10.2307/1844986
Hofstadter 1938, p. 50–55. Hofstadter, Richard (1938). «The Tariff Issue on the Eve of the Civil War». American Historical Review. 44 (1): 50–55. JSTOR 1840850. doi:10.2307/1840850
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[1] Murfreesboro Post, April 27, 2007, "Hazen's Monument a rare, historic treasure." Accessed May 30, 2018.

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"U.S. Civil War Prison Camps Claimed Thousands". National Geographic News. July 1, 2003.

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«Union / Victory! / Peace! / Surrender of General Lee and His Whole Army.». The New York Times. 10 de abril de 1865. p. 1
«Most Glorious News of the War / Lee Has Surrendered to Grant ! / All Lee's Officers and Men Are Paroled». Savannah Daily Herald. Savannah, Georgia, U.S. 16 de abril de 1865. pp. 1, 4

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«The Belligerent Rights of the Rebels at an End. All Nations Warned Against Harboring Their Privateers. If They Do Their Ships Will be Excluded from Our Ports. Restoration of Law in the State of Virginia. The Machinery of Government to be Put in Motion There». The New York Times. Associated Press. 10 de maio de 1865. Consultado em 23 de dezembro de 2013
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Recounting the dead, Associate Professor J. David Hacker, "As estimativas, com base nos dados do Censo, indicam que o número de mortos [militares] foi de aproximadamente 750.000 e pode ter chegado a 850.000"
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oocities.org

"Size of the Union Army in the American Civil War": Dos quais 131.000 estavam na Marinha e Fuzileiros Navais, 140.000 eram tropas da guarnição e milícias de defesa nacional, e 427.000 estavam no Exército de Campo.

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«U.S. Civil War Took Bigger Toll Than Previously Estimated, New Analysis Suggests». Science Daily. 22 de setembro de 2011. Consultado em 22 de setembro de 2011

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Digital History Reader, U.S. Railroad Construction, 1860–1880 Virginia Tech, Retrieved August 21, 2012. "Total Union railroad miles" aggregates existing track reported 1860 @ 21800 plus new construction 1860–1864 @ 5000, plus southern railroads administered by USMRR @ 2300.

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[2] The Washington Post, July 21, 2007, ""Behind the bitter war to preserve Civil War battlefields." Accessed May 30, 2018.

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«Profile Showing the Grades upon the Different Routes Surveyed for the Union Pacific Rail Road Between the Missouri River and the Valley of the Platte River». World Digital Library. 1865. Consultado em 16 de julho de 2013

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Richard Wightman Fox (2008)."National Life After Death". Slate.com.
Lincoln's letter to O. H. Browning, September 22, 1861. O sentimento entre os americanos-alemães foi amplamente anti-escravidão, especialmente entre os Forty-Eighters, resultando em centenas de milhares de americanos-alemães que se voluntariaram para lutar pela União. " Wittke, Carl (1952). «Refugees of Revolution». Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania press ", Christian B. Keller, "Flying Dutchmen and Drunken Irishmen: The Myths and Realities of Ethnic Civil War Soldiers", Journal of Military History, Vol/ 73, No. 1, January 2009, pp. 117–45; for primary sources see Walter D. Kamphoefner and Wolfgang Helbich, eds, Germans in the Civil War: The Letters They Wrote Home (2006). "Por outro lado, muitos dos imigrantes recentes no Norte viam os escravos libertos como competição por empregos escassos e como a razão pela qual a Guerra Civil estava sendo travada." Baker, Kevin (March 2003). "Violent City", American Heritage. Retrieved July 29, 2010. "Devido em grande parte a essa feroz competição com negros livres por oportunidades de trabalho, os católicos irlandeses pobres e da classe trabalhadora geralmente se opunham à emancipação. Quando o esboço começou no verão de 1863, eles lançaram uma grande rebelião na cidade de Nova Iorque que foi reprimida pelos militares, além de protestos menores em outras cidades." Barnet Schecter, The Devil's Own Work: The Civil War Draft Riots and the Fight to Reconstruct America (2007), ch 6. Muitos católicos do Norte se ofereceram para lutar em 1861, enviando milhares de soldados para a frente e sofrendo baixas baixas, especialmente em Fredericksburg; seu voluntariado caiu depois de 1862.
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Neely, Mark E. Jr. (1986). «The Perils of Running the Blockade: The Influence of International Law in an Era of Total War». Civil War History (2): 101–118. ISSN 1533-6271. doi:10.1353/cwh.1986.0012. Consultado em 1 de dezembro de 2022

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Fergus M. Bordewich, "The World Was Watching: America's Civil War slowly came to be seen as part of a global struggle against oppressive privilege", Wall Street Journal (February 7–8, 2015).
Journal, Cameron McWhirter | Photographs by Jarrett Christian for The Wall Street. «Civil War Battlefields Lose Ground as Tourist Draws». WSJ (em inglês). Consultado em 1 de dezembro de 2022

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«A State of Convenience, The Creation of West Virginia». West Virginia Archives & History. Consultado em 20 de abril de 2012

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«Avalon Project - Confederate States of America - Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union». avalon.law.yale.edu. Consultado em 1 de dezembro de 2022
«Avalon Project - Confederate States of America - Mississippi Secession». avalon.law.yale.edu. Consultado em 1 de dezembro de 2022
«Avalon Project - Confederate States of America - Georgia Secession». avalon.law.yale.edu. Consultado em 1 de dezembro de 2022
«Avalon Project - Confederate States of America - A Declaration of the Causes which Impel the State of Texas to Secede from the Federal Union». avalon.law.yale.edu. Consultado em 1 de dezembro de 2022