Milhomem S.S.R.; Crampton W.G.R.; Pieczarka J.C.; Shetka G.H.; Silva D.S.; Nagamachi C.Y. (2012). «Gymnotus capanema, a new species of electric knife fish (Gymnotiformes, Gymnotidae) from eastern Amazonia, with comments on an unusual karyotype». Journal of Fish Biology. 80 (4): 802–815. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03219.x
Craig, J.M.; L.R. Malabarba; W.G.R. Crampton; J.S. Albert (2018). «Revision of banded knifefishes of the Gymnotus carapo and G. tigre clades (Gymnotidae Gymnotiformes) from the Southern Neotropics». Zootaxa. 4379 (1): 47–73. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4379.1.3
Campos-da-Paz, R.; C.D. de Santana (2019). «A New Species of the Electric Knifefish Gymnotus Linnaeus (Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidae) from Northeastern Brazil». Copeia. 107 (1): 144–151. doi:10.1643/CI-18-141
Craig, J.M.; V. Correa-Roldán; H. Ortega; W.G.R. Crampton; J.S. Albert (2018). «Revision of Gymnotus (Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidae) from the Upper Madeira Basin of Bolivia and Peru, with descriptions of two new species». Zootaxa. 4413 (1): 111–132. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4413.1.3
Giora, J.; L.R. Malabarba (2016). «Gymnotus refugio, a new and endangered species of electric fish of the Gymnotus pantherinus species-group from southern Brazil (Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidae)». Zootaxa. 4066 (5): 581–590. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4066.5.6
Maxime E.L.; Albert J.S. (2014). «Redescription of the tuvirão, Gymnotus inaequilabiatus Valenciennes, 1839, using high-resolution X-ray computed tomography». Copeia. 2014 (3): 462–472. doi:10.1643/ci-13-054