Lista de grupos e aglomerados de galáxias (Portuguese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Lista de grupos e aglomerados de galáxias" in Portuguese language version.

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1palomarskies.blogspot.com

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abc.net.au

ABC News (Australia), "Astronomers find old heads in a young crowd", Stuart Gary, 10 March 2011

arches-fp7.eu

A. Schwope (2013). «Galaxy Clusters». Arches Project

archive.org

Inglis, Mike (2007). «Galaxies». Patrick Moore's Practical Astronomy Series: 157–189. ISBN 978-1-85233-890-9. doi:10.1007/978-1-84628-736-7_4
Inglis, Mike (2007). «Galaxies». Patrick Moore's Practical Astronomy Series: 157–189. ISBN 978-1-85233-890-9. doi:10.1007/978-1-84628-736-7_4

archive.today

Naeye, Robert (13 de janeiro de 2011). «The Most Distant Galaxy Cluster». Sky & Telescope. Arquivado do original em 2 de fevereiro de 2013

arxiv.org

Gastaldello, F.; et al. (2014). «Dark matter–baryons separation at the lowest mass scale: The Bullet Group». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 442: L76–L80. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.442L..76G. arXiv:1404.5633. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slu058
Biviano, Andrea; et al. (2000). «From Messier to Abell: 200 years of science with galaxy clusters». In: Florence Durret; Daniel Gerbal. Constructing the Universe with Clusters of Galaxies, IAP 2000 meeting, Paris, France, July 2000. Constructing the Universe with Clusters of Galaxies. [S.l.: s.n.] p. 1. Bibcode:2000cucg.confE...1B. arXiv:astro-ph/0010409
Wang, Tao; et al. (2016). «Discovery of a galaxy cluster with a violently starbursting core at z=2.506». The Astrophysical Journal. 828 (1): 56. Bibcode:2016ApJ...828...56W. arXiv:1604.07404. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/828/1/56
Yuichi Harikane, Masami Ouchi, Yoshiaki Ono, Seiji Fujimoto, Darko Donevski, Takatoshi Shibuya, Andreas L. Faisst, Tomotsugu Goto, Bunyo Hatsukade, Nobunari Kashikawa, Kotaro Kohno, Takuya Hashimoto, Ryo Higuchi, Akio K. Inoue, Yen-Ting Lin, Crystal L. Martin, Roderik Overzier, Ian Smail, Jun Toshikawa, Hideki Umehata, Yiping Ao, Scott Chapman, David L. Clements, Myungshin Im, Yipeng Jing, Toshihiro Kawaguchi, Chien-Hsiu Lee, Minju M. Lee, Lihwai Lin, Yoshiki Matsuoka, Murilo Marinello, Tohru Nagao, Masato Onodera, Sune Toft, Wei-Hao Wang (25 de fevereiro de 2019). «SILVERRUSH. VIII. Spectroscopic Identifications of Early Large Scale Structures with Protoclusters Over 200 Mpc at z~6-7: Strong Associations of Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies» (publicado em 30 de setembro de 2019). Astrophysical Journal. 883 (2): 142. Bibcode:2019arXiv190209555H. arXiv:1902.09555. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab2cd5
Gitti, M.; et al. (2004). «XMM-Newtonobservation of the most X-ray-luminous galaxy cluster RX J1347.5-1145». Astronomy & Astrophysics. 427: L9–L12. Bibcode:2004A&A...427L...9G. arXiv:astro-ph/0409627. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200400086
Gobat, R.; et al. (2011). «A mature cluster with X-ray emission at z= 2.07». Astronomy & Astrophysics. 526: A133. Bibcode:2011A&A...526A.133G. arXiv:1011.1837. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201016084
Stanford, S. A.; et al. (2005). «An IR-selected Galaxy Cluster at z = 1.41». The Astrophysical Journal. 634 (2): L129–L132. Bibcode:2005ApJ...634L.129S. arXiv:astro-ph/0510655. doi:10.1086/499045
Rosati, P.; et al. (2004). «ChandraandXMM-Newton Observations of RDCS 1252.9-2927, A Massive Cluster atz=1.24». The Astronomical Journal. 127 (1): 230–238. Bibcode:2004AJ....127..230R. arXiv:astro-ph/0309546. doi:10.1086/379857
Stanford, S. A.; Holden, Brad; Rosati, Piero; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; Stern, Daniel; Squires, Gordon; Spinrad, Hyron (2002). «An X-Ray–Selected Galaxy Cluster at [ITAL][CLC]z[/CLC][/ITAL] = 1.11 in the [ITAL]ROSAT[/ITAL] Deep Cluster Survey». The Astronomical Journal. 123 (2): 619–626. arXiv:astro-ph/0110709. doi:10.1086/338442
Stanford, S. A.; et al. (2001). «The Intracluster Medium inz > 1 Galaxy Clusters». The Astrophysical Journal. 552 (2): 504–507. Bibcode:2001ApJ...552..504S. arXiv:astro-ph/0012250. doi:10.1086/320583
Stanford, S. A.; et al. (1997). «An IR-Selected Galaxy Cluster at ζ=1.27». The Astronomical Journal. 114: 2232. Bibcode:1997AJ....114.2232S. arXiv:astro-ph/9709057. doi:10.1086/118643
Rosati, Piero; et al. (1999). «An X-Ray–Selected Galaxy Cluster at [CLC][ITAL]z[/ITAL][/CLC] = 1.26». The Astronomical Journal. 118: 76–85. Bibcode:1999AJ....118...76R. arXiv:astro-ph/9903381. doi:10.1086/300934
Liu, Michael C.; et al. (2000). «Extremely Red Objects in the Field of QSO 1213-0017: A Galaxy Concentration at Z=1.31». The Astronomical Journal. 119 (6): 2556–2570. Bibcode:2000AJ....119.2556L. arXiv:astro-ph/0002443. doi:10.1086/301399
Fabian, A. C.; et al. (2001). «Chandra detection of the intracluster medium around 3C 294 at z = 1.786» (PDF). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 322 (1): L11–L15. Bibcode:2001MNRAS.322L..11F. arXiv:astro-ph/0101478. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04361.x. Arquivado do original (PDF) em 29 de setembro de 2011 (176 KB); 2001 January 25
Venemans, B. P. (2002). «The Most Distant Structure of Galaxies Known: A Protocluster at [CLC][ITAL]z[/ITAL][/CLC] = 4.1». The Astrophysical Journal. 569: L11–L14. arXiv:astro-ph/0203249. doi:10.1086/340563

astronomy-mall.com

«Aintno Catalog»

astronomynow.com

«080827 XMM discovers monster galaxy cluster». Astronomy Now

bbc.co.uk

BBC News, "Galaxy clusters' ancient light shows young cosmic city", Jason Palmer, 13 January 2011

caltech.edu

nedipac.caltech.edu

Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 1988. 26: 561-630; OBSERVATIONAL TESTS OF WORLD MODELS - 6. THE m(z) HUBBLE DIAGRAM; Allan Sandage
NED, Searching NED for object "3C 123"

spitzer.caltech.edu

NASA - Spitzer Space Telescope, Great Galactic Buddies Arquivado em 2008-05-11 no Wayback Machine

authors.library.caltech.edu

Spinrad, H.; Djorgovski, S. (1984). «3C 324 - an extremely distant cluster radio galaxy» (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 280: L9. Bibcode:1984ApJ...280L...9S. doi:10.1086/184258

cam.ac.uk

www-xray.ast.cam.ac.uk

Fabian, A. C.; et al. (2001). «Chandra detection of the intracluster medium around 3C 294 at z = 1.786» (PDF). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 322 (1): L11–L15. Bibcode:2001MNRAS.322L..11F. arXiv:astro-ph/0101478. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04361.x. Arquivado do original (PDF) em 29 de setembro de 2011 (176 KB); 2001 January 25

csmonitor.com

«Humongous 'El Gordo' galaxy cluster packs mass of 2 quadrillion stars». Christian Science Monitor. 11 de janeiro de 2012

doi.org

dx.doi.org

Gastaldello, F.; et al. (2014). «Dark matter–baryons separation at the lowest mass scale: The Bullet Group». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 442: L76–L80. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.442L..76G. arXiv:1404.5633. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slu058
Inglis, Mike (2007). «Galaxies». Patrick Moore's Practical Astronomy Series: 157–189. ISBN 978-1-85233-890-9. doi:10.1007/978-1-84628-736-7_4
Inglis, Mike (2007). «Galaxies». Patrick Moore's Practical Astronomy Series: 157–189. ISBN 978-1-85233-890-9. doi:10.1007/978-1-84628-736-7_4
Wang, Tao; et al. (2016). «Discovery of a galaxy cluster with a violently starbursting core at z=2.506». The Astrophysical Journal. 828 (1): 56. Bibcode:2016ApJ...828...56W. arXiv:1604.07404. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/828/1/56
Yuichi Harikane, Masami Ouchi, Yoshiaki Ono, Seiji Fujimoto, Darko Donevski, Takatoshi Shibuya, Andreas L. Faisst, Tomotsugu Goto, Bunyo Hatsukade, Nobunari Kashikawa, Kotaro Kohno, Takuya Hashimoto, Ryo Higuchi, Akio K. Inoue, Yen-Ting Lin, Crystal L. Martin, Roderik Overzier, Ian Smail, Jun Toshikawa, Hideki Umehata, Yiping Ao, Scott Chapman, David L. Clements, Myungshin Im, Yipeng Jing, Toshihiro Kawaguchi, Chien-Hsiu Lee, Minju M. Lee, Lihwai Lin, Yoshiki Matsuoka, Murilo Marinello, Tohru Nagao, Masato Onodera, Sune Toft, Wei-Hao Wang (25 de fevereiro de 2019). «SILVERRUSH. VIII. Spectroscopic Identifications of Early Large Scale Structures with Protoclusters Over 200 Mpc at z~6-7: Strong Associations of Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies» (publicado em 30 de setembro de 2019). Astrophysical Journal. 883 (2): 142. Bibcode:2019arXiv190209555H. arXiv:1902.09555. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab2cd5
Gitti, M.; et al. (2004). «XMM-Newtonobservation of the most X-ray-luminous galaxy cluster RX J1347.5-1145». Astronomy & Astrophysics. 427: L9–L12. Bibcode:2004A&A...427L...9G. arXiv:astro-ph/0409627. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200400086
Gobat, R.; et al. (2011). «A mature cluster with X-ray emission at z= 2.07». Astronomy & Astrophysics. 526: A133. Bibcode:2011A&A...526A.133G. arXiv:1011.1837. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201016084
Stanford, S. A.; et al. (2005). «An IR-selected Galaxy Cluster at z = 1.41». The Astrophysical Journal. 634 (2): L129–L132. Bibcode:2005ApJ...634L.129S. arXiv:astro-ph/0510655. doi:10.1086/499045
Rosati, P.; et al. (2004). «ChandraandXMM-Newton Observations of RDCS 1252.9-2927, A Massive Cluster atz=1.24». The Astronomical Journal. 127 (1): 230–238. Bibcode:2004AJ....127..230R. arXiv:astro-ph/0309546. doi:10.1086/379857
Stanford, S. A.; Holden, Brad; Rosati, Piero; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; Stern, Daniel; Squires, Gordon; Spinrad, Hyron (2002). «An X-Ray–Selected Galaxy Cluster at [ITAL][CLC]z[/CLC][/ITAL] = 1.11 in the [ITAL]ROSAT[/ITAL] Deep Cluster Survey». The Astronomical Journal. 123 (2): 619–626. arXiv:astro-ph/0110709. doi:10.1086/338442
Stanford, S. A.; et al. (2001). «The Intracluster Medium inz > 1 Galaxy Clusters». The Astrophysical Journal. 552 (2): 504–507. Bibcode:2001ApJ...552..504S. arXiv:astro-ph/0012250. doi:10.1086/320583
Stanford, S. A.; et al. (1997). «An IR-Selected Galaxy Cluster at ζ=1.27». The Astronomical Journal. 114: 2232. Bibcode:1997AJ....114.2232S. arXiv:astro-ph/9709057. doi:10.1086/118643
Rosati, Piero; et al. (1999). «An X-Ray–Selected Galaxy Cluster at [CLC][ITAL]z[/ITAL][/CLC] = 1.26». The Astronomical Journal. 118: 76–85. Bibcode:1999AJ....118...76R. arXiv:astro-ph/9903381. doi:10.1086/300934
Spinrad, H.; Djorgovski, S. (1984). «3C 324 - an extremely distant cluster radio galaxy» (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 280: L9. Bibcode:1984ApJ...280L...9S. doi:10.1086/184258
Sandage, Allan (1961). «The Ability of the 200-INCH Telescope to Discriminate Between Selected World Models». The Astrophysical Journal. 133: 355. Bibcode:1961ApJ...133..355S. doi:10.1086/147041
Humason, M. L. (1936). «The Apparent Radial Velocities of 100 Extra-Galactic Nebulae». The Astrophysical Journal. 83: 10. Bibcode:1936ApJ....83...10H. doi:10.1086/143696
Humason, Milton L. (1931). «Apparent Velocity-Shifts in the Spectra of Faint Nebulae». The Astrophysical Journal. 74: 35. Bibcode:1931ApJ....74...35H. doi:10.1086/143287
Hubble, Edwin; Humason, Milton L. (1931). «The Velocity-Distance Relation among Extra-Galactic Nebulae». The Astrophysical Journal. 74: 43. Bibcode:1931ApJ....74...43H. doi:10.1086/143323
Humason, M. L. (1930). «The Rayton short-focus spectrographic objective». The Astrophysical Journal. 71: 351. Bibcode:1930ApJ....71..351H. doi:10.1086/143255
«The Berkeley Meeting of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, June 20-21, 1929». Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 41 (242): 244. 1929. Bibcode:1929PASP...41..244.. doi:10.1086/123945
Liu, Michael C.; et al. (2000). «Extremely Red Objects in the Field of QSO 1213-0017: A Galaxy Concentration at Z=1.31». The Astronomical Journal. 119 (6): 2556–2570. Bibcode:2000AJ....119.2556L. arXiv:astro-ph/0002443. doi:10.1086/301399
Fabian, A. C.; et al. (2001). «Chandra detection of the intracluster medium around 3C 294 at z = 1.786» (PDF). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 322 (1): L11–L15. Bibcode:2001MNRAS.322L..11F. arXiv:astro-ph/0101478. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04361.x. Arquivado do original (PDF) em 29 de setembro de 2011 (176 KB); 2001 January 25
Dressler, Alan; Oemler, Augustus; Gunn, James E.; Butcher, Harvey (1993). «A Cluster of Nascent Galaxies at Z = 2?». The Astrophysical Journal. 404: L45. Bibcode:1993ApJ...404L..45D. doi:10.1086/186740
Spinrad, H. (1975). «3C 123: A distant first-ranked cluster galaxy at z = 0.637». The Astrophysical Journal. 199: L3. Bibcode:1975ApJ...199L...3S. doi:10.1086/181835
Venemans, B. P. (2002). «The Most Distant Structure of Galaxies Known: A Protocluster at [CLC][ITAL]z[/ITAL][/CLC] = 4.1». The Astrophysical Journal. 569: L11–L14. arXiv:astro-ph/0203249. doi:10.1086/340563

esa.int

sci.esa.int

XMM-Newton (6 de junho de 2014). «Cosmic collision in the Bullet Group». European Space Agency

smart.esa.int

European Space Agency; Peering Far Back in Time to Uncover the Secrets of Galaxy Evolution; 01 Dec 1992

eso.org

ESO, "A Galactic Crash Investigation", 22 June 2011 (accessed 7 July 2012)
ESO Press Release 04/05; Surprise Discovery of Highly Developed Structure in the Young Universe Arquivado em 2008-06-11 no Wayback Machine; 2 March 2005
ESO Press Release 07/02; Most Distant Group of Galaxies Known in the Universe Arquivado em 2008-09-16 no Wayback Machine; 9 April 2002
ESO Press Release 03/02; UVES Investigates the Environment of a Very Remote Galaxy Arquivado em 2008-10-02 no Wayback Machine; 11 March 2002

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Gastaldello, F.; et al. (2014). «Dark matter–baryons separation at the lowest mass scale: The Bullet Group». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 442: L76–L80. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.442L..76G. arXiv:1404.5633. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slu058
Biviano, Andrea; et al. (2000). «From Messier to Abell: 200 years of science with galaxy clusters». In: Florence Durret; Daniel Gerbal. Constructing the Universe with Clusters of Galaxies, IAP 2000 meeting, Paris, France, July 2000. Constructing the Universe with Clusters of Galaxies. [S.l.: s.n.] p. 1. Bibcode:2000cucg.confE...1B. arXiv:astro-ph/0010409
Wang, Tao; et al. (2016). «Discovery of a galaxy cluster with a violently starbursting core at z=2.506». The Astrophysical Journal. 828 (1): 56. Bibcode:2016ApJ...828...56W. arXiv:1604.07404. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/828/1/56
Yuichi Harikane, Masami Ouchi, Yoshiaki Ono, Seiji Fujimoto, Darko Donevski, Takatoshi Shibuya, Andreas L. Faisst, Tomotsugu Goto, Bunyo Hatsukade, Nobunari Kashikawa, Kotaro Kohno, Takuya Hashimoto, Ryo Higuchi, Akio K. Inoue, Yen-Ting Lin, Crystal L. Martin, Roderik Overzier, Ian Smail, Jun Toshikawa, Hideki Umehata, Yiping Ao, Scott Chapman, David L. Clements, Myungshin Im, Yipeng Jing, Toshihiro Kawaguchi, Chien-Hsiu Lee, Minju M. Lee, Lihwai Lin, Yoshiki Matsuoka, Murilo Marinello, Tohru Nagao, Masato Onodera, Sune Toft, Wei-Hao Wang (25 de fevereiro de 2019). «SILVERRUSH. VIII. Spectroscopic Identifications of Early Large Scale Structures with Protoclusters Over 200 Mpc at z~6-7: Strong Associations of Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies» (publicado em 30 de setembro de 2019). Astrophysical Journal. 883 (2): 142. Bibcode:2019arXiv190209555H. arXiv:1902.09555. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab2cd5
Gitti, M.; et al. (2004). «XMM-Newtonobservation of the most X-ray-luminous galaxy cluster RX J1347.5-1145». Astronomy & Astrophysics. 427: L9–L12. Bibcode:2004A&A...427L...9G. arXiv:astro-ph/0409627. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200400086
Gobat, R.; et al. (2011). «A mature cluster with X-ray emission at z= 2.07». Astronomy & Astrophysics. 526: A133. Bibcode:2011A&A...526A.133G. arXiv:1011.1837. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201016084
Stanford, S. A.; et al. (2005). «An IR-selected Galaxy Cluster at z = 1.41». The Astrophysical Journal. 634 (2): L129–L132. Bibcode:2005ApJ...634L.129S. arXiv:astro-ph/0510655. doi:10.1086/499045
Rosati, P.; et al. (2004). «ChandraandXMM-Newton Observations of RDCS 1252.9-2927, A Massive Cluster atz=1.24». The Astronomical Journal. 127 (1): 230–238. Bibcode:2004AJ....127..230R. arXiv:astro-ph/0309546. doi:10.1086/379857
Stanford, S. A.; et al. (2001). «The Intracluster Medium inz > 1 Galaxy Clusters». The Astrophysical Journal. 552 (2): 504–507. Bibcode:2001ApJ...552..504S. arXiv:astro-ph/0012250. doi:10.1086/320583
Stanford, S. A.; et al. (1997). «An IR-Selected Galaxy Cluster at ζ=1.27». The Astronomical Journal. 114: 2232. Bibcode:1997AJ....114.2232S. arXiv:astro-ph/9709057. doi:10.1086/118643
Rosati, Piero; et al. (1999). «An X-Ray–Selected Galaxy Cluster at [CLC][ITAL]z[/ITAL][/CLC] = 1.26». The Astronomical Journal. 118: 76–85. Bibcode:1999AJ....118...76R. arXiv:astro-ph/9903381. doi:10.1086/300934
Spinrad, H.; Djorgovski, S. (1984). «3C 324 - an extremely distant cluster radio galaxy» (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 280: L9. Bibcode:1984ApJ...280L...9S. doi:10.1086/184258
Sandage, Allan (1961). «The Ability of the 200-INCH Telescope to Discriminate Between Selected World Models». The Astrophysical Journal. 133: 355. Bibcode:1961ApJ...133..355S. doi:10.1086/147041
«1053 May 8 meeting of the Royal Astronomical Society». The Observatory. 73: 97. 1953. Bibcode:1953Obs....73...97.
Merrill, Paul W. (1958). «From Atoms to Galaxies». Leaflet of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 7 (349): 393. Bibcode:1958ASPL....7..393M
Humason, M. L. (1936). «The Apparent Radial Velocities of 100 Extra-Galactic Nebulae». The Astrophysical Journal. 83: 10. Bibcode:1936ApJ....83...10H. doi:10.1086/143696
Chant, C. A. (1932). «Notes and Queries (Doings at Mount Wilson-Ritchey's Photographic Telescope-Infra-red Photographic Plates)». Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 26: 180. Bibcode:1932JRASC..26..180C
Humason, Milton L. (1931). «Apparent Velocity-Shifts in the Spectra of Faint Nebulae». The Astrophysical Journal. 74: 35. Bibcode:1931ApJ....74...35H. doi:10.1086/143287
Hubble, Edwin; Humason, Milton L. (1931). «The Velocity-Distance Relation among Extra-Galactic Nebulae». The Astrophysical Journal. 74: 43. Bibcode:1931ApJ....74...43H. doi:10.1086/143323
Humason, M. L. (1931). «The Large Apparent Velocities of Extra-Galactic Nebulae». Leaflet of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 1 (37): 149. Bibcode:1931ASPL....1..149H
Humason, M. L. (1930). «The Rayton short-focus spectrographic objective». The Astrophysical Journal. 71: 351. Bibcode:1930ApJ....71..351H. doi:10.1086/143255
«The Berkeley Meeting of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, June 20-21, 1929». Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 41 (242): 244. 1929. Bibcode:1929PASP...41..244.. doi:10.1086/123945
Bailey, S. I. (1920). «Comet Skjellerup». Harvard College Observatory Bulletin. 739: 1. Bibcode:1920BHarO.739....1B
Liu, Michael C.; et al. (2000). «Extremely Red Objects in the Field of QSO 1213-0017: A Galaxy Concentration at Z=1.31». The Astronomical Journal. 119 (6): 2556–2570. Bibcode:2000AJ....119.2556L. arXiv:astro-ph/0002443. doi:10.1086/301399
Fabian, A. C.; et al. (2001). «Chandra detection of the intracluster medium around 3C 294 at z = 1.786» (PDF). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 322 (1): L11–L15. Bibcode:2001MNRAS.322L..11F. arXiv:astro-ph/0101478. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04361.x. Arquivado do original (PDF) em 29 de setembro de 2011 (176 KB); 2001 January 25
Dressler, A. (1993). «The Spectra and Morphology of Galaxies in High-Redshift Clusters». Observational Cosmology. 51: 225. Bibcode:1993ASPC...51..225D
Dressler, Alan (1993). «Galaxies Far Away and Long Ago». Sky and Telescope. 85 (4): 22. Bibcode:1993S&T....85...22D
Dressler, Alan; Oemler, Augustus; Gunn, James E.; Butcher, Harvey (1993). «A Cluster of Nascent Galaxies at Z = 2?». The Astrophysical Journal. 404: L45. Bibcode:1993ApJ...404L..45D. doi:10.1086/186740
Spinrad, H. (1975). «3C 123: A distant first-ranked cluster galaxy at z = 0.637». The Astrophysical Journal. 199: L3. Bibcode:1975ApJ...199L...3S. doi:10.1086/181835

articles.adsabs.harvard.edu

Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, vol. 94, June–July 1982, p. 397-403. Redshifts and spectroscopy of very distant radio galaxies with strong emission lines 1982PASP...94..397S

haydenplanetarium.org

Hayden Planetarium, Galaxy Clusters and Superclusters Arquivado em 2008-08-19 no Wayback Machine
Hayden Planetarium, The 2MASS Galaxies Arquivado em 2008-08-28 no Wayback Machine

ljmu.ac.uk

astro.ljmu.ac.uk

XCS, «XMM Cluster Survey - discovering the most distant galaxy clusters» (PDF) ^{[ligação inativa]}, April 2006

nasa.gov

jpl.nasa.gov

Clavin, Whitney; Jenkins, Ann; Villard, Ray (7 de janeiro de 2014). «NASA's Hubble and Spitzer Team up to Probe Faraway Galaxies». NASA. Consultado em 8 de janeiro de 2014

nasa.gov

NASA, "El Gordo Galaxy Cluster", 10 January 2012 (accessed 7 July 2012)

antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov

From the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences; Volume 15 : March 15, 1929 : Number 3; THE LARGE RADIAL VELOCITY OF N. G. C. 7619; January 17, 1929

nbcnews.com

Associated Press, Oldest, most distant galaxy clusters found, 4:37 p.m. ET, Mon., Jan. 5, 2004

newscientist.com

New Scientist, Most distant galaxy cluster yet is revealed, 08:00 02 March 2005

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