Neisser et al. 1996. Neisser, Ulric; Boodoo, Gwyneth; Bouchard, Thomas J, Jr; Boykin, A. Wade; Brody, Nathan; Ceci, Stephen J; Halpern, Diane F; Loehlin, John C; Perloff, Robert; Sternberg, Robert J; Urbina, Susana (1996). «Intelligence: Knowns and unknowns»(PDF). American Psychologist. 51: 77–101. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.51.2.77
Neisser et al. 1996 "The differential between the mean intelligence test scores of Blacks and Whites (about one standard deviation, although it may be diminishing) does not result from any obvious biases in test construction and administration, nor does it simply reflect differences in socio-economic status. Explanations based on factors of caste and culture may be appropriate, but so far have little direct empirical support. There is certainly no such support for a genetic interpretation. At present, no one knows what causes this differential." Neisser, Ulric; Boodoo, Gwyneth; Bouchard, Thomas J, Jr; Boykin, A. Wade; Brody, Nathan; Ceci, Stephen J; Halpern, Diane F; Loehlin, John C; Perloff, Robert; Sternberg, Robert J; Urbina, Susana (1996). «Intelligence: Knowns and unknowns»(PDF). American Psychologist. 51: 77–101. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.51.2.77
Irvine & Berry 1988 a collection of articles by several authors discussing the limits of assessment by intelligence tests in different communities in the world. In particular, (Reuning 1988) describes the difficulties in devising and administering tests for Kalahari bushmen. Irvine, SH; Berry, JW, eds. (1988). «Human Abilities in Cultural Context». Cambridge University Press. ISBN0-521-34482-4 Reuning, Helmut (1988). «Testing Bushmen in the Central Kalahari». In: Irvine, SH; Berry, JW. Human Abilities in Cultural Context. Cambridge University Press. ISBN978-0-511-57460-3. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511574603.018
Chan, D.; Schmitt, N.; DeShon, R. P.; Clause, C. S.; Delbridge, K. (abril de 1997). «Reactions to cognitive ability tests: the relationships between race, test performance, face validity perceptions, and test-taking motivation». The Journal of Applied Psychology. 82 (2): 300–310. ISSN0021-9010. PMID9109288. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.82.2.300
Magnuson, Katherine A.; Duncan, Greg J. (dezembro de 2006). «The role of family socioeconomic resources in the black–white test score gap among young children». Developmental Review. 26 (4): 365–399. doi:10.1016/j.dr.2006.06.004
Neisser et al. 1996 "The differential between the mean intelligence test scores of Blacks and Whites (about one standard deviation, although it may be diminishing) does not result from any obvious biases in test construction and administration, nor does it simply reflect differences in socio-economic status. Explanations based on factors of caste and culture may be appropriate, but so far have little direct empirical support. There is certainly no such support for a genetic interpretation. At present, no one knows what causes this differential." Neisser, Ulric; Boodoo, Gwyneth; Bouchard, Thomas J, Jr; Boykin, A. Wade; Brody, Nathan; Ceci, Stephen J; Halpern, Diane F; Loehlin, John C; Perloff, Robert; Sternberg, Robert J; Urbina, Susana (1996). «Intelligence: Knowns and unknowns»(PDF). American Psychologist. 51: 77–101. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.51.2.77
Cottrell, Newman & Roisman 2015. Cottrell, Jonathan M.; Newman, Daniel A.; Roisman, Glenn I. (novembro de 2015). «Explaining the black-white gap in cognitive test scores: Toward a theory of adverse impact». The Journal of Applied Psychology. 100 (6): 1713–1736. ISSN1939-1854. PMID25867168. doi:10.1037/apl0000020
Campbell et al. 2002 Campbell, Frances A; Ramey, Craig T; Pungello, Elizabeth; Sparling, Joseph; Miller-Johnson, Shari (2002). «Early Childhood Education: Young Adult Outcomes From the Abecedarian Project». Applied Developmental Science. 6: 42–57. doi:10.1207/s1532480xads0601_05
Ivanovic et al. 2004 Ivanovic, Daniza M.; Leiva, Boris P.; Pérez, Hernán T.; Olivares, Manuel G.; Dı́az, Nora S.; Urruti, Marı́a Soledad C.; Almagià, Atilio F.; Toro, Triana D.; Miller, Patricio T.; Bosch, Enrique O.; Larraı́n, Cristián G. (2004). «Head size and intelligence, learning, nutritional status and brain development. Head, IQ, learning, nutrition and brain». Neuropsychologia. 42 (8): 1118–31. PMID15093150. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2003.11.022
Feyrer, James; Politi, Dimitra; Weil, David N. (2017). «The Cognitive Effects of Micronutrient Deficiency: Evidence from Salt Iodization in the United States». Journal of the European Economic Association. 15 (2): 355–387. doi:10.1093/jeea/jvw002
Colom, R.; Lluis-Font, J. M.; Andrés-Pueyo, A. (2005). «The generational intelligence gains are caused by decreasing variance in the lower half of the distribution: supporting evidence for the nutrition hypothesis». Intelligence. 33: 83–91. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2004.07.010
Flynn, J. R. (2009). «Requiem for nutrition as the cause of IQ gains: Raven's gains in Britain 1938 to 2008». Economics and Human Biology. 7: 18–27. doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2009.01.009
Fagan, Joseph F; Holland, Cynthia R (2002). «Equal opportunity and racial differences in IQ». Intelligence. 30 (4): 361–387. doi:10.1016/S0160-2896(02)00080-6
Fagan, J.F.; Holland, C.R. (2007). «Racial equality in intelligence: Predictions from a theory of intelligence as processing». Intelligence. 35: 319–334. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2006.08.009
Marks, D.F. (2010). «IQ variations across time, race, and nationality: An artifact of differences in literacy skills». Psychological Reports. 106 (3): 643–664. PMID20712152. doi:10.2466/pr0.106.3.643-664
McKay, Patrick F.; Doverspike, Dennis; Bowen‐Hilton, Doreen; McKay, Quintonia D. (2003). «The Effects of Demographic Variables and Stereotype Threat on Black/White Differences in Cognitive Ability Test Performance». Journal of Business and Psychology. 18 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1023/A:1025062703113
Chan, D.; Schmitt, N.; DeShon, R. P.; Clause, C. S.; Delbridge, K. (abril de 1997). «Reactions to cognitive ability tests: the relationships between race, test performance, face validity perceptions, and test-taking motivation». The Journal of Applied Psychology. 82 (2): 300–310. ISSN0021-9010. PMID9109288. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.82.2.300
Cottrell, Newman & Roisman 2015. Cottrell, Jonathan M.; Newman, Daniel A.; Roisman, Glenn I. (novembro de 2015). «Explaining the black-white gap in cognitive test scores: Toward a theory of adverse impact». The Journal of Applied Psychology. 100 (6): 1713–1736. ISSN1939-1854. PMID25867168. doi:10.1037/apl0000020
Qian et al. 2005 Qian, M; Wang, D; Watkins, WE; Gebski, V; Yan, YQ; Li, M; Chen, ZP (2005). «The effects of iodine on intelligence in children: a meta-analysis of studies conducted in China». Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 14 (1): 32–42. PMID15734706
Marks, D.F. (2010). «IQ variations across time, race, and nationality: An artifact of differences in literacy skills». Psychological Reports. 106 (3): 643–664. PMID20712152. doi:10.2466/pr0.106.3.643-664
Mackintosh 1998, p. 174: "Despite widespread belief to the contrary, however, there is ample evidence, both in Britain and the USA, that IQ tests predict educational attainment just about as well in ethnic minorities as in the white majority." Mackintosh, NJ (1998). IQ and Human Intelligence. [S.l.]: Oxford University Press. ISBN0-19-852367-X. Resumo divulgativo (9 de agosto de 2010)
Berlet 2003. Berlet, Chip (verão de 2003). «Into the Mainstream». Southern Poverty Law Center. Intelligence Report (110). Consultado em 21 de fevereiro de 2012. Arquivado do original em 2 de fevereiro de 2010
Spiro 2009. Spiro, Jonathan P. (2009). Defending the Master Race: Conservation, Eugenics, and the Legacy of Madison Grant. [S.l.]: Univ. of Vermont Press. ISBN978-1-58465-715-6. Resumo divulgativo (29 de setembro de 2010)
Berlet 2003. Berlet, Chip (verão de 2003). «Into the Mainstream». Southern Poverty Law Center. Intelligence Report (110). Consultado em 21 de fevereiro de 2012. Arquivado do original em 2 de fevereiro de 2010
Chan, D.; Schmitt, N.; DeShon, R. P.; Clause, C. S.; Delbridge, K. (abril de 1997). «Reactions to cognitive ability tests: the relationships between race, test performance, face validity perceptions, and test-taking motivation». The Journal of Applied Psychology. 82 (2): 300–310. ISSN0021-9010. PMID9109288. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.82.2.300
Cottrell, Newman & Roisman 2015. Cottrell, Jonathan M.; Newman, Daniel A.; Roisman, Glenn I. (novembro de 2015). «Explaining the black-white gap in cognitive test scores: Toward a theory of adverse impact». The Journal of Applied Psychology. 100 (6): 1713–1736. ISSN1939-1854. PMID25867168. doi:10.1037/apl0000020