Raça (categorização humana) (Portuguese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Raça (categorização humana)" in Portuguese language version.

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Relethford, John H. (11 de julho de 2002). «Apportionment of global human genetic diversity based on craniometrics and skin color» (PDF). American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 118 (4): 393–398. PMID 12124919. doi:10.1002/ajpa.10079. Consultado em 25 de outubro de 2017. Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 26 de outubro de 2017

aaanet.org

Por exemplo, esta declaração que expressa o ponto de vista oficial da American Anthropological Association em seu websítio: "Evidências obtidas com a análise genética (p.ex., DNA) indicam que a maioria das variações físicas originam-se dentro dos assim chamados grupos 'raciais'. Isto significa que há uma variação muito maior dentro de grupos 'raciais' do que entre eles."

americanscientist.org

amu.edu.pl

anthro.amu.edu.pl

Lieberman, Kirk & Corcoran 2003. Lieberman, L.; Kirk, R. C.; Corcoran, M. (2003). «The decline of race in American physical anthropology» (PDF). Anthropological Review. 66: 3–21. ISSN 0033-2003. Arquivado do original (PDF) em 13 de agosto de 2012

archive.org

Graves 2001, p. ^{[falta página]} Graves, Joseph L. (2001). The Emperor's New Clothes: Biological Theories of Race at the Millennium. [S.l.]: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 9780813528472
Smedley 1999 Smedley, A. (1999). Race in North America: origin and evolution of a worldview 2nd ed. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. ISBN 0813334489
Takaki 1993 Takaki, R. (1993). A different mirror: a history of multicultural America (paperback). Boston: Little, Brown. ISBN 0316831123
Banton 1977 Banton, Michael (1977). The idea of race (paperback). Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. ISBN 0891587195
Banton 1977 Banton, Michael (1977). The idea of race (paperback). Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. ISBN 0891587195
Todorov 1993 Todorov, T. (1993). On human diversity. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674634381
Graves 2001 Graves, Joseph L. (2001). The Emperor's New Clothes: Biological Theories of Race at the Millennium. [S.l.]: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 9780813528472
Marks 1995 Marks, J. (1995). Human biodiversity: Genes, race, and history. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. ISBN 0585395594
Graves 2001 Graves, Joseph L. (2001). The Emperor's New Clothes: Biological Theories of Race at the Millennium. [S.l.]: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 9780813528472
Desmond & Moore 2009 Desmond, Adrian; Moore, James (2009), Darwin's sacred cause: how a hatred of slavery shaped Darwin's views on human evolution, ISBN 9781846140358, Allen Lane, Penguin Books, p. 484
Stringer, Chris (2012). Lone Survivors: How We Came to Be the Only Humans on Earth. Londres: Times Books. ISBN 9780805088915
Cravens 2010 Cravens, Hamilton (2010). «What's New in Science and Race since the 1930s?: Anthropologists and Racial Essentialism». The Historian. 72 (2): 299–320. PMID 20726131. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6563.2010.00263.x
Templeton 1998 Templeton, Alan R. (1998). «Human Races: A Genetic and Evolutionary Perspective». American Anthropologist. 100 (3): 632–650. ISSN 0002-7294. JSTOR 682042. doi:10.1525/aa.1998.100.3.632
Templeton 1998 "Genetic surveys and the analyses of DNA haplotype trees show that human 'races' are not distinct lineages, and that this is not due to recent admixture; human 'races' are not and never were 'pure'." Templeton, Alan R. (1998). «Human Races: A Genetic and Evolutionary Perspective». American Anthropologist. 100 (3): 632–650. ISSN 0002-7294. JSTOR 682042. doi:10.1525/aa.1998.100.3.632
Livingstone & Dobzhansky 1962 Livingstone, Frank B.; Dobzhansky, Theodosius (1962). «On the Non-Existence of Human Races». Current Anthropology. 3 (3): 279–281. JSTOR 2739576. doi:10.1086/200290
Marks 2002 Marks, Jonathan (2002). «Folk Heredity». In: Fish, Jefferson M. Race and Intelligence: Separating Science from Myth. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. p. 98. ISBN 0805837574
Boyd 1950 Boyd, William C. (1950). Genetics and the races of man: an introduction to modern physical anthropology. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. p. 207
Lieberman & Kirk 1997 Lieberman, Leonard; Kirk, Rodney (1997). «Teaching About Human Variation: An Anthropological Tradition for the Twenty-first Century». In: Rice, Patricia; Kottak, Conrad Phillip; White, Jane G.; Furlow, Richard H. The Teaching of Anthropology: Problems, Issues, and Decisions. [S.l.]: Mayfield Pub. p. 381. ISBN 1559347112
Molnar 1992 Molnar, Stephen (1992). Human variation: races, types, and ethnic groups. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0134461622
Dawkins, Richard; Wong, Yan (2005). The Ancestor's Tale: A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Evolution. [S.l.]: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 406–407. ISBN 978-0-61-861916-0
Dawkins, Richard; Wong, Yan (2005). The Ancestor's Tale: A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Evolution. [S.l.]: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 406–407. ISBN 978-0-61-861916-0
Sexton, Jared (2008). Amalgamation Schemes. [S.l.]: University of Minnesota Press
Sauer 1992 Sauer, Norman J. (janeiro de 1992). «Forensic Anthropology and the Concept of Race: If Races Don't Exist, Why are Forensic Anthropologists So Good at Identifying them». Social Science and Medicine. 34 (2): 107–111. ISSN 0277-9536. PMID 1738862. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(92)90086-6
Morning, Ann (novembro de 2007). «'Everyone Knows It's a Social Construct': Contemporary Science and the Nature of Race». Sociological Focus. 40 (4): 436–454. doi:10.1080/00380237.2007.10571319
Frazier, E. Franklin (1947). «Sociological Theory and Race Relations». American Sociological Review. 12 (3): 265–271. JSTOR 2086515. doi:10.2307/2086515
Konigsberg, Lyle W.; Algee-Hewitt, Bridget F. B.; Steadman, Dawnie Wolfe (1 de maio de 2009). «Estimation and evidence in forensic anthropology: Sex and race». American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 139 (1): 77–90. ISSN 1096-8644. PMID 19226642. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20934

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

Salek, Silvia (10 de julho de 2007). «BBC delves into Brazilians' roots». BBC News. Consultado em 13 de julho de 2009

books.google.com

Barnshaw, John (2008). «Race». In: Schaefer, Richard T. Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society. 1. [S.l.]: Sage Publications. pp. 1091–1093. ISBN 978-1-45-226586-5
Slotkin 1965, p. 177. Slotkin, J. S. (1965). «The Eighteenth Century». Readings in early Anthropology. [S.l.]: Methuen Publishing. pp. 175–243
Hunt, James (24 de fevereiro de 1863). «Introductory address on the study of Anthropology». The Anthropological Review. 1: 3. ... we should always remember, that by whatever means the Negro, for instance, acquired his present physical, mental and moral character, whether he has risen from an ape or descended from a perfect man, we still know that the Races of Europe have now much in their mental and moral nature which the races of Africa have not got.
Black & Ferguson 2011, p. 125. Black, Sue; Ferguson, Elidh (2011). Forensic Anthropology: 2000 to 2010. [S.l.]: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-439-84588-2
Graves 2011 Graves, Joseph L. (2011). «Chapter 8: Evolutionary Versus Racial Medicine». In: Krimsky, Sheldon; Sloan, Kathleen. Race and the Genetic Revolution: Science, Myth, and Culture. [S.l.]: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-52769-9. Consultado em 31 de agosto de 2013
Fullwiley 2011 Fullwiley, Duana (2011). «Chapter 6: Can DNA "Witness" Race?». In: Krimsky, Sheldon; Sloan, Kathleen. Race and the Genetic Revolution: Science, Myth, and Culture. [S.l.]: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-52769-9. Consultado em 31 de agosto de 2013
Kahn 2011, p. 132.Cooper, Richard; Wolf-Maier, Katharina; Luke, Amy; Adeyemo, Adebowale; Banegas, José R.; Forrester, Terrence; Giampaoli, Simona; Joffres, Michel; Kastarinen, Mika; Primatesta, Paola; Stegmayr, Birgitta; Thamm, Michael (5 de janeiro de 2005). «An International Comparative Study of Blood Pressure in Populations of European vs. African Descent». BMC Medicine. 3 (2): 2. PMC 545060. PMID 15629061. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-3-2 Kahn, Jonathan (2011). «Chapter 7: Bidil and Racialized Medicine». In: Krimsky, Sheldon; Sloan, Kathleen. Race and the Genetic Revolution: Science, Myth, and Culture. [S.l.]: Columbia University Press. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-231-52769-9. Consultado em 31 de agosto de 2013

britannica.com

Smedley, Audrey; Takezawa, Yasuko I.; Wade, Peter. «Race: Human». Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. Consultado em 22 de agosto de 2017

brocku.ca

Cooley, Charles H. (maio de 1897). «Genius, Fame and the Comparison of Races». American Academy of Political and Social Science. 9 (3): 1–42. doi:10.1177/000271629700900301 – via Brock University Republished as: Jacoby; Glauberman, eds. (1995). «Genius, Fame, and Race». The Bell Curve Debate: History, Documents, Opinions. Toronto: Random House. pp. 417–437

brookings.edu

Bleich, Erik (1 de maio de 2001). «Race Policy in France | Brookings Institution». Brookings.edu. Consultado em 21 de março de 2013
Race Policy in France
Bleich, Erik (1 de maio de 2001). «Race Policy in France». The Brookings Institution

cell.com

Bryc, Katarzyna; Durand, Eric Y.; Macpherson, Michael; Reich, David; Mountain, Joanna L. (8 de janeiro de 2015). «The Genetic Ancestry of African Americans, Latinos, and European Americans across the United States» (PDF). Cell Press em nome da Sociedade Americana de Genética Humana]]. American Journal of Human Genetics. 96 (1): 37–53. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 4289685. PMID 25529636. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.11.010. Consultado em 1 de junho de 2022. Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 10 de maio de 2022

census.gov

«Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity». Office of Management and Budget. 30 de outubro de 1997. Consultado em 19 de março de 2009. Arquivado do original em 15 de março de 2009 Also: U.S. Census Bureau Guidance on the Presentation and Comparison of Race and Hispanic Origin Data Arquivado em 2019-04-08 no Wayback Machine and B03002. Hispanic or Latino Origin by Race. 2007 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates Arquivado em 1996-12-27 no Wayback Machine

clicrbs.com.br

gauchazh.clicrbs.com.br

"Raças não existem. Trata-se de um conceito inventado", garante o geneticista Sérgio Pena

commentarymagazine.com

The Tragedy of the One-Drop Rule

culturalsurvival.org

NATION, TRIBE AND ETHNIC GROUP IN AFRICA

docs.google.com

«Powered by Google Docs» (PDF). Consultado em 21 de setembro de 2012

doi.org

dx.doi.org

Using Population Descriptors in Genetics and Genomics Research: A New Framework for an Evolving Field (Consensus Study Report). [S.l.]: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. ISBN 978-0-309-70065-8. doi:10.17226/26902
Amutah, C.; Greenidge, K.; Mante, A.; Munyikwa, M.; Surya, S. L.; Higginbotham, E.; Jones, D. S.; Lavizzo-Mourey, R.; Roberts, D. (março de 2021). Malina, D., ed. «Misrepresenting Race — The Role of Medical Schools in Propagating Physician Bias». Massachusetts Medical Society. The New England Journal of Medicine. 384 (9): 872–878. ISSN 1533-4406. PMID 33406326. doi:10.1056/NEJMms2025768
Yudell, M.; Roberts, D.; DeSalle, R.; Tishkoff, S. (5 de fevereiro de 2016). «Taking race out of human genetics». American Association for the Advancement of Science. Science. 351 (6273): 564–565. Bibcode:2016Sci...351..564Y. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 26912690. doi:10.1126/science.aac4951
Lee et al. 2008: "We caution against making the naive leap to a genetic explanation for group differences in complex traits, especially for human behavioral traits such as IQ scores" Lee, Sandra S. J.; Mountain, Joanna; Koenig, Barbara; Altman, Russ (2008). «The ethics of characterizing difference: guiding principles on using racial categories in human genetics». Genome Biology. 9 (7): 404. PMC 2530857. PMID 18638359. doi:10.1186/gb-2008-9-7-404
Keita et al. 2004. "Modern human biological variation is not structured into phylogenetic subspecies ('races'), nor are the taxa of the standard anthropological 'racial' classifications breeding populations. The 'racial taxa' do not meet the phylogenetic criteria. 'Race' denotes socially constructed units as a function of the incorrect usage of the term." Keita, S. O. Y.; Kittles, R. A.; Royal, C. D. M.; Bonney, G. M.; Furbert-Harris, P.; Dunston, G. M.; Rotimi, C. M. (2004). «Conceptualizing human variation». Nature Genetics. 36 (11s): S17–S20. PMID 15507998. doi:10.1038/ng1455
Jorde, Lynn B.; Wooding, Stephen P. (2004). «Genetic variation, classification, and 'race'». Nature Research. Nature. 36 (11 Suppl): S28–S33. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 15508000. doi:10.1038/ng1435
Bryc, Katarzyna; Durand, Eric Y.; Macpherson, Michael; Reich, David; Mountain, Joanna L. (8 de janeiro de 2015). «The Genetic Ancestry of African Americans, Latinos, and European Americans across the United States» (PDF). Cell Press em nome da Sociedade Americana de Genética Humana]]. American Journal of Human Genetics. 96 (1): 37–53. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 4289685. PMID 25529636. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.11.010. Consultado em 1 de junho de 2022. Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 10 de maio de 2022
Keita et al. 2004 Keita, S. O. Y.; Kittles, R. A.; Royal, C. D. M.; Bonney, G. M.; Furbert-Harris, P.; Dunston, G. M.; Rotimi, C. M. (2004). «Conceptualizing human variation». Nature Genetics. 36 (11s): S17–S20. PMID 15507998. doi:10.1038/ng1455
Keita et al. 2004. "Many terms requiring definition for use describe demographic population groups better than the term 'race' because they invite examination of the criteria for classification." Keita, S. O. Y.; Kittles, R. A.; Royal, C. D. M.; Bonney, G. M.; Furbert-Harris, P.; Dunston, G. M.; Rotimi, C. M. (2004). «Conceptualizing human variation». Nature Genetics. 36 (11s): S17–S20. PMID 15507998. doi:10.1038/ng1455
Keita et al. 2004. "Religious, cultural, social, national, ethnic, linguistic, genetic, geographical and anatomical groups have been and sometimes still are called 'races'" Keita, S. O. Y.; Kittles, R. A.; Royal, C. D. M.; Bonney, G. M.; Furbert-Harris, P.; Dunston, G. M.; Rotimi, C. M. (2004). «Conceptualizing human variation». Nature Genetics. 36 (11s): S17–S20. PMID 15507998. doi:10.1038/ng1455
Race, Ethnicity, and Genetics Working Group (outubro de 2005). «The Use of Racial, Ethnic, and Ancestral Categories in Human Genetics Research». American Journal of Human Genetics. 77 (4): 519–532. PMC 1275602. PMID 16175499. doi:10.1086/491747
Cravens 2010 Cravens, Hamilton (2010). «What's New in Science and Race since the 1930s?: Anthropologists and Racial Essentialism». The Historian. 72 (2): 299–320. PMID 20726131. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6563.2010.00263.x
Hirschman, Charles (2004). «The Origins and Demise of the Concept of Race». Population and Development Review. 30 (3): 385–415. ISSN 1728-4457. doi:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2004.00021.x
Hirschman, Charles (2004). «The Origins and Demise of the Concept of Race». Population and Development Review. 30 (3): 385–415. ISSN 1728-4457. doi:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2004.00021.x
Hirschman, Charles (2004). «The Origins and Demise of the Concept of Race». Population and Development Review. 30 (3): 385–415. ISSN 1728-4457. doi:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2004.00021.x
Hirschman, Charles (2004). «The Origins and Demise of the Concept of Race». Population and Development Review. 30 (3): 385–415. ISSN 1728-4457. doi:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2004.00021.x
Wilson & Brown 1953 Wilson, E. O.; Brown, W. L. (1953). «The Subspecies Concept and Its Taxonomic Application». Systematic Zoology. 2 (3): 97–110. JSTOR 2411818. doi:10.2307/2411818
Goodman, A. H. (novembro de 2000). «Why genes don't count (for racial differences in health)». American Journal of Public Health. 90 (11): 1699–1702. ISSN 0090-0036. PMC 1446406. PMID 11076233. doi:10.2105/ajph.90.11.1699
Goodman, A. H. (novembro de 2000). «Why genes don't count (for racial differences in health)». American Journal of Public Health. 90 (11): 1699–1702. ISSN 0090-0036. PMC 1446406. PMID 11076233. doi:10.2105/ajph.90.11.1699
Haig et al. 2006 Haig, S. M.; Beever, E. A.; Chambers, S. M.; Draheim, H. M.; et al. (dezembro de 2006). «Taxonomic considerations in listing subspecies under the U.S. Endangered Species Act». Conservation Biology. 20 (6): 1584–1594. Bibcode:2006ConBi..20.1584H. PMID 17181793. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00530.x
Templeton 1998 Templeton, Alan R. (1998). «Human Races: A Genetic and Evolutionary Perspective». American Anthropologist. 100 (3): 632–650. ISSN 0002-7294. JSTOR 682042. doi:10.1525/aa.1998.100.3.632
Templeton 1998 "Genetic surveys and the analyses of DNA haplotype trees show that human 'races' are not distinct lineages, and that this is not due to recent admixture; human 'races' are not and never were 'pure'." Templeton, Alan R. (1998). «Human Races: A Genetic and Evolutionary Perspective». American Anthropologist. 100 (3): 632–650. ISSN 0002-7294. JSTOR 682042. doi:10.1525/aa.1998.100.3.632
Relethford, John H. (23 de fevereiro de 2017). «Biological Anthropology, Population Genetics, and Race». In: Zack, Naomi. The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Race. [S.l.: s.n.] ISBN 978-0-19-023695-3. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190236953.013.20
Andreasen 2000 Andreasen, Robin O. (2000). «Race: Biological Reality or Social Construct?». Philosophy of Science. 67 (Supplement): S653–S666. JSTOR 188702. doi:10.1086/392853
Templeton 2013. Templeton, Alan R. (setembro de 2013). «Biological Races in Humans». Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences. 44 (3): 262–271. ISSN 1369-8486. PMC 3737365. PMID 23684745. doi:10.1016/j.shpsc.2013.04.010
Lieberman & Jackson 1995 Lieberman, Leonard; Jackson, Fatimah Linda C. (1995). «Race and Three Models of Human Origins». American Anthropologist. 97 (2): 231–242. doi:10.1525/aa.1995.97.2.02a00030
Livingstone & Dobzhansky 1962 Livingstone, Frank B.; Dobzhansky, Theodosius (1962). «On the Non-Existence of Human Races». Current Anthropology. 3 (3): 279–281. JSTOR 2739576. doi:10.1086/200290
Pigliucci, Massimo; Kaplan, Jonathan (dezembro de 2003). «On the Concept of Biological Race and Its Applicability to Humans». Philosophy of Science. 70 (5): 1161–1172. doi:10.1086/377397
Walsh, Anthony; Yun, Ilhong (outubro de 2011). «Race and Criminology in the Age of Genomic Science». Social Science Quarterly. 92 (5): 1279–1296. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6237.2011.00818.x
Bamshad et al. 2004. Bamshad, M.; Wooding, S.; Salisbury, B. A.; Stephens, J. C. (agosto de 2004). «Deconstructing the relationship between genetics and race». Nature Reviews Genetics. 5 (8): 598–609. PMID 15266342. doi:10.1038/nrg1401
Lewontin 1972. Lewontin, Richard C. (1972). «The Apportionment of Human Diversity». Evolutionary Biology. 6. [S.l.: s.n.] pp. 381–397. ISBN 978-1-4684-9065-7. doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-9063-3_14
Long 2009, p. 802. Long, Jeffrey C. (2009). «Update to Long and Kittles's 'Human Genetic Diversity and the Nonexistence of Biological Races' (2003): Fixation on an Index». Human Biology. 81 (5/6): 799–803. JSTOR 41466642. PMID 20504197. doi:10.3378/027.081.0622
Hunley, Keith L.; Cabana, Graciela S.; Long, Jeffrey C. (1 de dezembro de 2015). «The apportionment of human diversity revisited». American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 160 (4): 561–569. ISSN 1096-8644. PMID 26619959. doi:10.1002/ajpa.22899
Romualdi, Chiara; Balding, David; Nasidze, Ivane S.; Risch, Gregory; Robichaux, Myles; Sherry, Stephen T.; Stoneking, Mark; Batzer, Mark A.; Barbujani, Guido (abril de 2002). «Patterns of human diversity, within and among continents, inferred from biallelic DNA polymorphisms». Genome Research. 12 (4): 602–612. ISSN 1088-9051. PMC 187513. PMID 11932244. doi:10.1101/gr.214902
Edwards 2003 Edwards, A. W. F. (agosto de 2003). «Human genetic diversity: Lewontin's fallacy». BioEssays. 25 (8): 798–801. PMID 12879450. doi:10.1002/bies.10315
Tang et al. 2005. Tang, Hua; Quertermous, Tom; Rodriguez, Beatriz; Kardia, Sharon L. R.; Zhu, Xiaofeng; Brown, Andrew; Pankow, James S.; Province, Michael A.; Hunt, Steven C.; Boerwinkle, Eric; Schork, Nicholas J.; Risch, Neil J. (2005). «Genetic Structure, Self-identified Race/Ethnicity, and Confounding in Case-control Association Studies». The American Journal of Human Genetics. 76 (2): 268–275. PMC 1196372. PMID 15625622. doi:10.1086/427888
Mountain & Risch 2004 Mountain, Joanna L.; Risch, Neil (2004). «Assessing genetic contributions to phenotypic differences among 'racial' and 'ethnic' groups». Nature Genetics. 36 (11 Suppl): S48–S53. PMID 15508003. doi:10.1038/ng1456
Gitschier 2005 Gitschier, Jane (2005). «The Whole Side of It – An Interview with Neil Risch». PLOS Genetics. 1 (1): e14. PMC 1183530. PMID 17411332. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0010014
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