For the Greeks, "signs" occurred in the world of nature, "symbols" in the world of culture. Not until Augustine of Hippo would a thematic proposal for uniting the two under the notion of "sign" (signum) as transcending the nature-culture divide and identifying symbols as no more than a species (or sub-species) of signum be formally proposed. See the monograph study on this question, Le teorie del segno nell'antichità classica by Giovanni Manetti (Milan: Bompiani, 1987); trans. by Christine Richardson as Theories of the Sign in Classical Antiquity (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1993). Classic also is the article by Luigi Romeo, "The Derivation of 'Semiotics' through the History of the Discipline", in Semiosis 6, Heft 2 (1977), 37–49. See also Andrew LaVelle's discussion of Romeo on Peirce-l at [1].
Campbell, C., Olteanu, A., & Kull, K. (2019). Learning and knowing as semiosis: Extending the conceptual apparatus of semiotics. Sign Systems Studies 47(3/4), 352–381.
Caesar, Michael (1999). Umberto Eco: Philosophy, Semiotics, and the Work of Fiction. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-7456-0850-1.
"Semiology vs. semiotics". University of Eastern Finland. Archived from the original on 18 Jan 2019. http://www.cs.joensuu.fi/~whamalai/skc/semiology.html
"The science of communication studied through the interpretation of signs and symbols as they operate in various fields, esp. language", Oxford English Dictionary (2003)
Campbell, C., Olteanu, A., & Kull, K. (2019). Learning and knowing as semiosis: Extending the conceptual apparatus of semiotics. Sign Systems Studies 47(3/4), 352–381.
Caesar, Michael (1999). Umberto Eco: Philosophy, Semiotics, and the Work of Fiction. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-7456-0850-1.
"Semiology vs. semiotics". University of Eastern Finland. Archived from the original on 18 Jan 2019. http://www.cs.joensuu.fi/~whamalai/skc/semiology.html
"The science of communication studied through the interpretation of signs and symbols as they operate in various fields, esp. language", Oxford English Dictionary (2003)
Umberto Eco. (The Role of the Reader. Explorations in the Semiotics of Texts) anno 1995 p.198 - Constultado en E-Dicionario de Termos Literários de Carlos Cera. «SEMIOSE». Consultado em 3 de abril de 2017. Arquivado do original em 4 de abril de 2017
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Umberto Eco. (The Role of the Reader. Explorations in the Semiotics of Texts) anno 1995 p.198 - Constultado en E-Dicionario de Termos Literários de Carlos Cera. «SEMIOSE». Consultado em 3 de abril de 2017. Arquivado do original em 4 de abril de 2017
