Baird, Spencer F. (). Reports of explorations and surveys to ascertain the most practical and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean made under the direction of the secretary of war in 1853-1856. 9 Birds. Washington: Beverly Tucker, printer. pp.xxiii, L, 788, 795.
Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, ed. (). Check-List of Birds of the World. 1 (ed. 2nd). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p.594.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, ed. (ianuarie 2022). „Screamers, ducks, geese & swans”. IOC World Bird List Version 12.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Accesat în .