Coronavirusul legat de sindromul respirator acut sever (Romanian Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Coronavirusul legat de sindromul respirator acut sever" in Romanian language version.
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doi.org
- „Global Epidemiology of Bat Coronaviruses”. Viruses. 11 (2): 174. februarie 2019. doi:10.3390/v11020174. PMC 6409556
. PMID 30791586. Most notably, horseshoe bats were found to be the reservoir of SARS-like CoVs, while palm civet cats are considered to be the intermediate host for SARS-CoVs [43,44,45].
- „Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor”. Nature. 503 (7477): 535–8. noiembrie 2013. Bibcode:2013Natur.503..535G. doi:10.1038/nature12711. PMC 5389864 . PMID 24172901.
- „Coronavirus genomics and bioinformatics analysis”. Viruses. 2 (8): 1804–20. august 2010. doi:10.3390/v2081803. PMC 3185738 . PMID 21994708.
Figure 2. Phylogenetic analysis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (Pol) of coronaviruses with complete genome sequences available. The tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining method and rooted using Breda virus polyprotein.
- Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (martie 2020). „The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2”. Nature Microbiology. 5 (4): 536–544. doi:10.1038/s41564-020-0695-z. PMID 32123347.
- Kohen, Jon; Kupferschmidth, Kai (). „Strategies shift as coronavirus pandemic looms”. Science. 367 (6481): 962–963. Bibcode:2020Sci...367..962C. doi:10.1126/science.367.6481.962. PMID 32108093.
- „Ecoepidemiology and complete genome comparison of different strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related Rhinolophus bat coronavirus in China reveal bats as a reservoir for acute, self-limiting infection that allows recombination events”. Journal of Virology. 84 (6): 2808–19. martie 2010. doi:10.1128/JVI.02219-09. PMC 2826035 . PMID 20071579.
- „Global Epidemiology of Bat Coronaviruses”. Viruses. 11 (2): 174. februarie 2019. doi:10.3390/v11020174. PMC 6409556 . PMID 30791586.
See Figure 1.
- „Coronavirus genomics and bioinformatics analysis”. Viruses. 2 (8): 1804–20. august 2010. doi:10.3390/v2081803. PMC 3185738 . PMID 21994708.
See Figure 1.
- „Coronavirus genomics and bioinformatics analysis”. Viruses. 2 (8): 1804–20. august 2010. doi:10.3390/v2081803. PMC 3185738 . PMID 21994708.
Furthermore, subsequent phylogenetic analysis using both complete genome sequence and proteomic approaches, it was concluded that SARSr-CoV is probably an early split-off from the Betacoronavirus lineage [1]; See Figure 2.
- „SARS-Coronavirus ancestor's foot-prints in South-East Asian bat colonies and the refuge theory”. Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 11 (7): 1690–702. octombrie 2011. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2011.06.021. PMID 21763784.
Betacoronaviruses-b ancestors, meaning SARSr-CoVs ancestors, could have been historically hosted by the common ancestor of the Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae and could have later evolved independently in the lineages leading towards Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae betacoronaviruses.
- „Evolutionary relationships between bat coronaviruses and their hosts”. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 13 (10): 1526–32. octombrie 2007. doi:10.3201/eid1310.070448. PMC 2851503 . PMID 18258002.
- „Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor”. Nature. 503 (7477): 535–8. noiembrie 2013. Bibcode:2013Natur.503..535G. doi:10.1038/nature12711. PMC 5389864 . PMID 24172901.
- „Unique and conserved features of genome and proteome of SARS-coronavirus, an early split-off from the coronavirus group 2 lineage”. Journal of Molecular Biology. 331 (5): 991–1004. august 2003. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(03)00865-9. PMID 12927536.
The SARS-CoV genome is ∼29.7 kb long and contains 14 open reading frames (ORFs) flanked by 5′ and 3′-untranslated regions of 265 and 342 nucleotides, respectively (Figure 1).
- Maier, Helena Jane; Bickerton, Erica; Britton, Paul, ed. (). „Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis”. Coronaviruses. Methods in Molecular Biology. 1282. Springer. pp. 1–23. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7_1. ISBN 978-1-4939-2438-7.
- Maier, Helena Jane; Bickerton, Erica; Britton, Paul, ed. (). „An Overview of Their Replication and Pathogenesis; Section 2 Genomic Organization”. Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer. 1282: 1–23. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7_1. ISBN 978-1-4939-2438-7. PMC 4369385 . PMID 25720466.
- „The role of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus accessory proteins in virus pathogenesis”. Viruses. 4 (11): 2902–23. noiembrie 2012. doi:10.3390/v4112902. PMC 3509677 . PMID 23202509.
- „Unique and conserved features of genome and proteome of SARS-coronavirus, an early split-off from the coronavirus group 2 lineage”. Journal of Molecular Biology. 331 (5): 991–1004. august 2003. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(03)00865-9. PMID 12927536.
See Figure 1.
- „Ultrastructural characterization of SARS coronavirus”. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 10 (2): 320–6. februarie 2004. doi:10.3201/eid1002.030913. PMC 3322934 . PMID 15030705.
Virions acquired an envelope by budding into the cisternae and formed mostly spherical, sometimes pleomorphic, particles that averaged 78 nm in diameter (Figure 1A).
- „Supramolecular architecture of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus revealed by electron cryomicroscopy”. Journal of Virology. 80 (16): 7918–28. august 2006. doi:10.1128/JVI.00645-06. PMC 1563832 . PMID 16873249.
Particle diameters ranged from 50 to 150 nm, excluding the spikes, with mean particle diameters of 82 to 94 nm; Also See Figure 1 for double shell.
- „The molecular biology of coronaviruses”. Advances in Virus Research. 48: 1–100. . doi:10.1016/S0065-3527(08)60286-9. ISBN 9780120398485. PMID 9233431.
- The molecular biology of coronaviruses. Advances in Virus Research. 66. Academic Press. . pp. 193–292. doi:10.1016/S0065-3527(06)66005-3. ISBN 9780120398690.
Nevertheless, the interaction between S protein and receptor remains the principal, if not sole, determinant of coronavirus host species range and tissue tropism.
- „Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses”. Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 17 (3): 181–192. martie 2019. doi:10.1038/s41579-018-0118-9. PMC 7097006 . PMID 30531947.
Different SARS-CoV strains isolated from several hosts vary in their binding affinities for human ACE2 and consequently in their infectivity of human cells76,78 (Fig. 6b)
- Maier, Helena Jane; Bickerton, Erica; Britton, Paul, ed. (). „An Overview of Their Replication and Pathogenesis; Section 2 Genomic Organization”. Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer. 1282: 1–23. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7_1. ISBN 978-1-4939-2438-7. PMC 4369385 . PMID 25720466.
See section: Virion Structure.
- „The SARS coronavirus nucleocapsid protein--forms and functions”. Antiviral Research. 103: 39–50. martie 2014. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.12.009. PMID 24418573.
See Figure 4c.
- „A structural analysis of M protein in coronavirus assembly and morphology”. Journal of Structural Biology. 174 (1): 11–22. aprilie 2011. doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2010.11.021. PMC 4486061 . PMID 21130884.
See Figure 10.
- Lal, Sunil K, ed. (). Molecular Biology of the SARS-Coronavirus. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-03683-5. ISBN 978-3-642-03682-8.
- Maier, Helena Jane; Bickerton, Erica; Britton, Paul, ed. (). „Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis”. Coronaviruses. Methods in Molecular Biology. 1282. Springer. pp. 1–23. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7_1. ISBN 978-1-4939-2438-7.
See section: Coronavirus Life Cycle – Attachment and Entry
- „Proteolytic activation of the SARS-coronavirus spike protein: cutting enzymes at the cutting edge of antiviral research”. Antiviral Research. 100 (3): 605–14. decembrie 2013. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.09.028. PMC 3889862 . PMID 24121034.
See Figure 2.
- „TMPRSS2 and ADAM17 cleave ACE2 differentially and only proteolysis by TMPRSS2 augments entry driven by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein”. Journal of Virology. 88 (2): 1293–307. ianuarie 2014. doi:10.1128/JVI.02202-13. PMC 3911672 . PMID 24227843.
The SARS-CoV can hijack two cellular proteolytic systems to ensure the adequate processing of its S protein. Cleavage of SARS-S can be facilitated by cathepsin L, a pH-dependent endo-/lysosomal host cell protease, upon uptake of virions into target cell endosomes (25). Alternatively, the type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs) TMPRSS2 and HAT can activate SARS-S, presumably by cleavage of SARS-S at or close to the cell surface, and activation of SARS-S by TMPRSS2 allows for cathepsin L-independent cellular entry (26,–28).
- „Coronaviruses - drug discovery and therapeutic options”. Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery. 15 (5): 327–47. mai 2016. doi:10.1038/nrd.2015.37. PMC 7097181 . PMID 26868298.
S is activated and cleaved into the S1 and S2 subunits by other host proteases, such as transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and TMPRSS11D, which enables cell surface non-endosomal virus entry at the plasma membrane.
- „The human coronavirus HCoV-229E S-protein structure and receptor binding”. eLife. 8. octombrie 2019. doi:10.7554/eLife.51230. PMC 6970540 . PMID 31650956.
- „The molecular biology of coronaviruses”. Advances in Virus Research. Academic Press. 66: 193–292. . doi:10.1016/S0065-3527(06)66005-3. ISBN 9780120398690. PMID 16877062.
See Figure 8.
- Maier, Helena Jane; Bickerton, Erica; Britton, Paul, ed. (). „Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis”. Coronaviruses. Methods in Molecular Biology. 1282. Springer. pp. 1–23. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7_1. ISBN 978-1-4939-2438-7.
See section: Replicase Protein Expression
- Maier, Helena Jane; Bickerton, Erica; Britton, Paul, ed. (). „Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis”. Coronaviruses. Methods in Molecular Biology. 1282. Springer. pp. 1–23. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7_1. ISBN 978-1-4939-2438-7.
See Table 2.
- „Homology-Based Identification of a Mutation in the Coronavirus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase That Confers Resistance to Multiple Mutagens”. Journal of Virology. 90 (16): 7415–28. august 2016. doi:10.1128/JVI.00080-16. PMC 4984655 . PMID 27279608.
Finally, these results, combined with those from previous work (33, 44), suggest that CoVs encode at least three proteins involved in fidelity (nsp12-RdRp, nsp14-ExoN, and nsp10), supporting the assembly of a multiprotein replicase-fidelity complex, as described previously (38).
- Maier, Helena Jane; Bickerton, Erica; Britton, Paul, ed. (). „Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis”. Coronaviruses. Methods in Molecular Biology. 1282. Springer. pp. 1–23. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7_1. ISBN 978-1-4939-2438-7.
See section: Corona Life Cycle – Replication and Transcription
- Maier, Helena Jane; Bickerton, Erica; Britton, Paul, ed. (). „Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis”. Coronaviruses. Methods in Molecular Biology. 1282. Springer. pp. 1–23. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7_1. ISBN 978-1-4939-2438-7.
See Figure 1.
- Maier, Helena Jane; Bickerton, Erica; Britton, Paul, ed. (). „Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis”. Coronaviruses. Methods in Molecular Biology. 1282. Springer. pp. 1–23. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7_1. ISBN 978-1-4939-2438-7.
See section: Coronavirus Life Cycle – Assembly and Release
harvard.edu
adsabs.harvard.edu
- „Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor”. Nature. 503 (7477): 535–8. noiembrie 2013. Bibcode:2013Natur.503..535G. doi:10.1038/nature12711. PMC 5389864 . PMID 24172901.
- Kohen, Jon; Kupferschmidth, Kai (). „Strategies shift as coronavirus pandemic looms”. Science. 367 (6481): 962–963. Bibcode:2020Sci...367..962C. doi:10.1126/science.367.6481.962. PMID 32108093.
- „Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor”. Nature. 503 (7477): 535–8. noiembrie 2013. Bibcode:2013Natur.503..535G. doi:10.1038/nature12711. PMC 5389864 . PMID 24172901.
ictvonline.org
talk.ictvonline.org
- ICTV Master Species List 2013 v2
- ICTV Master Species List 2014 v4
- ICTV Master Species List 2015 v1
- ICTV Master Species List 2016 v1.3
- „Virus Taxonomy: 2018 Release”. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) (în engleză). octombrie 2018. Accesat în .
- „Coronaviridae - Figures - Positive Sense RNA Viruses - Positive Sense RNA Viruses (2011)”. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) (în engleză). Arhivat din original la . Accesat în .
See Figure 2.
nih.gov
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- „Global Epidemiology of Bat Coronaviruses”. Viruses. 11 (2): 174. februarie 2019. doi:10.3390/v11020174. PMC 6409556 . PMID 30791586.
Most notably, horseshoe bats were found to be the reservoir of SARS-like CoVs, while palm civet cats are considered to be the intermediate host for SARS-CoVs [43,44,45].
- „Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor”. Nature. 503 (7477): 535–8. noiembrie 2013. Bibcode:2013Natur.503..535G. doi:10.1038/nature12711. PMC 5389864 . PMID 24172901.
- „Coronavirus genomics and bioinformatics analysis”. Viruses. 2 (8): 1804–20. august 2010. doi:10.3390/v2081803. PMC 3185738 . PMID 21994708.
Figure 2. Phylogenetic analysis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (Pol) of coronaviruses with complete genome sequences available. The tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining method and rooted using Breda virus polyprotein.
- Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (martie 2020). „The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2”. Nature Microbiology. 5 (4): 536–544. doi:10.1038/s41564-020-0695-z. PMID 32123347.
- Kohen, Jon; Kupferschmidth, Kai (). „Strategies shift as coronavirus pandemic looms”. Science. 367 (6481): 962–963. Bibcode:2020Sci...367..962C. doi:10.1126/science.367.6481.962. PMID 32108093.
- „Ecoepidemiology and complete genome comparison of different strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related Rhinolophus bat coronavirus in China reveal bats as a reservoir for acute, self-limiting infection that allows recombination events”. Journal of Virology. 84 (6): 2808–19. martie 2010. doi:10.1128/JVI.02219-09. PMC 2826035 . PMID 20071579.
- „Global Epidemiology of Bat Coronaviruses”. Viruses. 11 (2): 174. februarie 2019. doi:10.3390/v11020174. PMC 6409556 . PMID 30791586.
See Figure 1.
- „Coronavirus genomics and bioinformatics analysis”. Viruses. 2 (8): 1804–20. august 2010. doi:10.3390/v2081803. PMC 3185738 . PMID 21994708.
See Figure 1.
- „Coronavirus genomics and bioinformatics analysis”. Viruses. 2 (8): 1804–20. august 2010. doi:10.3390/v2081803. PMC 3185738 . PMID 21994708.
Furthermore, subsequent phylogenetic analysis using both complete genome sequence and proteomic approaches, it was concluded that SARSr-CoV is probably an early split-off from the Betacoronavirus lineage [1]; See Figure 2.
- „SARS-Coronavirus ancestor's foot-prints in South-East Asian bat colonies and the refuge theory”. Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 11 (7): 1690–702. octombrie 2011. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2011.06.021. PMID 21763784.
Betacoronaviruses-b ancestors, meaning SARSr-CoVs ancestors, could have been historically hosted by the common ancestor of the Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae and could have later evolved independently in the lineages leading towards Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae betacoronaviruses.
- „Evolutionary relationships between bat coronaviruses and their hosts”. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 13 (10): 1526–32. octombrie 2007. doi:10.3201/eid1310.070448. PMC 2851503 . PMID 18258002.
- „Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor”. Nature. 503 (7477): 535–8. noiembrie 2013. Bibcode:2013Natur.503..535G. doi:10.1038/nature12711. PMC 5389864 . PMID 24172901.
- „Unique and conserved features of genome and proteome of SARS-coronavirus, an early split-off from the coronavirus group 2 lineage”. Journal of Molecular Biology. 331 (5): 991–1004. august 2003. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(03)00865-9. PMID 12927536.
The SARS-CoV genome is ∼29.7 kb long and contains 14 open reading frames (ORFs) flanked by 5′ and 3′-untranslated regions of 265 and 342 nucleotides, respectively (Figure 1).
- Maier, Helena Jane; Bickerton, Erica; Britton, Paul, ed. (). „An Overview of Their Replication and Pathogenesis; Section 2 Genomic Organization”. Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer. 1282: 1–23. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7_1. ISBN 978-1-4939-2438-7. PMC 4369385 . PMID 25720466.
- „The role of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus accessory proteins in virus pathogenesis”. Viruses. 4 (11): 2902–23. noiembrie 2012. doi:10.3390/v4112902. PMC 3509677 . PMID 23202509.
- „Unique and conserved features of genome and proteome of SARS-coronavirus, an early split-off from the coronavirus group 2 lineage”. Journal of Molecular Biology. 331 (5): 991–1004. august 2003. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(03)00865-9. PMID 12927536.
See Figure 1.
- „Ultrastructural characterization of SARS coronavirus”. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 10 (2): 320–6. februarie 2004. doi:10.3201/eid1002.030913. PMC 3322934 . PMID 15030705.
Virions acquired an envelope by budding into the cisternae and formed mostly spherical, sometimes pleomorphic, particles that averaged 78 nm in diameter (Figure 1A).
- „Supramolecular architecture of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus revealed by electron cryomicroscopy”. Journal of Virology. 80 (16): 7918–28. august 2006. doi:10.1128/JVI.00645-06. PMC 1563832 . PMID 16873249.
Particle diameters ranged from 50 to 150 nm, excluding the spikes, with mean particle diameters of 82 to 94 nm; Also See Figure 1 for double shell.
- „The molecular biology of coronaviruses”. Advances in Virus Research. 48: 1–100. . doi:10.1016/S0065-3527(08)60286-9. ISBN 9780120398485. PMID 9233431.
- „Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses”. Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 17 (3): 181–192. martie 2019. doi:10.1038/s41579-018-0118-9. PMC 7097006 . PMID 30531947.
Different SARS-CoV strains isolated from several hosts vary in their binding affinities for human ACE2 and consequently in their infectivity of human cells76,78 (Fig. 6b)
- Maier, Helena Jane; Bickerton, Erica; Britton, Paul, ed. (). „An Overview of Their Replication and Pathogenesis; Section 2 Genomic Organization”. Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer. 1282: 1–23. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7_1. ISBN 978-1-4939-2438-7. PMC 4369385 . PMID 25720466.
See section: Virion Structure.
- „The SARS coronavirus nucleocapsid protein--forms and functions”. Antiviral Research. 103: 39–50. martie 2014. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.12.009. PMID 24418573.
See Figure 4c.
- „A structural analysis of M protein in coronavirus assembly and morphology”. Journal of Structural Biology. 174 (1): 11–22. aprilie 2011. doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2010.11.021. PMC 4486061 . PMID 21130884.
See Figure 10.
- „Proteolytic activation of the SARS-coronavirus spike protein: cutting enzymes at the cutting edge of antiviral research”. Antiviral Research. 100 (3): 605–14. decembrie 2013. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.09.028. PMC 3889862 . PMID 24121034.
See Figure 2.
- „TMPRSS2 and ADAM17 cleave ACE2 differentially and only proteolysis by TMPRSS2 augments entry driven by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein”. Journal of Virology. 88 (2): 1293–307. ianuarie 2014. doi:10.1128/JVI.02202-13. PMC 3911672 . PMID 24227843.
The SARS-CoV can hijack two cellular proteolytic systems to ensure the adequate processing of its S protein. Cleavage of SARS-S can be facilitated by cathepsin L, a pH-dependent endo-/lysosomal host cell protease, upon uptake of virions into target cell endosomes (25). Alternatively, the type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs) TMPRSS2 and HAT can activate SARS-S, presumably by cleavage of SARS-S at or close to the cell surface, and activation of SARS-S by TMPRSS2 allows for cathepsin L-independent cellular entry (26,–28).
- „Coronaviruses - drug discovery and therapeutic options”. Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery. 15 (5): 327–47. mai 2016. doi:10.1038/nrd.2015.37. PMC 7097181 . PMID 26868298.
S is activated and cleaved into the S1 and S2 subunits by other host proteases, such as transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and TMPRSS11D, which enables cell surface non-endosomal virus entry at the plasma membrane.
- „The human coronavirus HCoV-229E S-protein structure and receptor binding”. eLife. 8. octombrie 2019. doi:10.7554/eLife.51230. PMC 6970540 . PMID 31650956.
- „The molecular biology of coronaviruses”. Advances in Virus Research. Academic Press. 66: 193–292. . doi:10.1016/S0065-3527(06)66005-3. ISBN 9780120398690. PMID 16877062.
See Figure 8.
- „Homology-Based Identification of a Mutation in the Coronavirus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase That Confers Resistance to Multiple Mutagens”. Journal of Virology. 90 (16): 7415–28. august 2016. doi:10.1128/JVI.00080-16. PMC 4984655 . PMID 27279608.
Finally, these results, combined with those from previous work (33, 44), suggest that CoVs encode at least three proteins involved in fidelity (nsp12-RdRp, nsp14-ExoN, and nsp10), supporting the assembly of a multiprotein replicase-fidelity complex, as described previously (38).
scientificamerican.com
blogs.scientificamerican.com
- Kieny, Marie-Paule. „After Ebola, a Blueprint Emerges to Jump-Start R&D”. Scientific American Blog Network. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în .
scireslit.com
- „Structures and Functions of Coronavirus Proteins: Molecular Modeling of Viral Nucleoprotein” (PDF). Arhivat din original (PDF) la . Accesat în .
statnews.com
- Branswell, Helen (). „SARS-like virus in bats shows potential to infect humans, study finds”. Stat News. Accesat în .
web.archive.org
- Kieny, Marie-Paule. „After Ebola, a Blueprint Emerges to Jump-Start R&D”. Scientific American Blog Network. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în .
- „LIST OF PATHOGENS”. World Health Organization. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în .
- „Coronaviridae - Figures - Positive Sense RNA Viruses - Positive Sense RNA Viruses (2011)”. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) (în engleză). Arhivat din original la . Accesat în .
See Figure 2.
- „Structures and Functions of Coronavirus Proteins: Molecular Modeling of Viral Nucleoprotein” (PDF). Arhivat din original (PDF) la . Accesat în .
who.int
- „LIST OF PATHOGENS”. World Health Organization. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în .