Elefant (Romanian Wikipedia)

Lujan, E. R.; Bernabe, A. „Ivory and horn production in Mycenaean texts”. Kosmos. Jewellery , Adornment and Textiles in the Aegean Bronze Age. Accesat în 22 ianuarie 2013.

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; Romanian: 29^th place)

Ozawa, T.; Hayashi, S.; Mikhelson, V. M. (1997). „Phylogenetic position of mammoth and Steller's sea cow within tethytheria demonstrated by mitochondrial DNA sequences”. Journal of Molecular Evolution. 44 (4): 406–13. Bibcode:1997JMolE..44..406O. doi:10.1007/PL00006160. PMID 9089080.
Roca, A. L.; Georgiadis, N.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; O'Brien, S. J. (2001). „Genetic evidence for two species of elephant in Africa”. Science. 293 (5534): 1473–77. Bibcode:2001Sci...293.1473R. doi:10.1126/science.1059936. PMID 11520983.
Ishida, Y.; Oleksyk, T. K.; Georgiadis, N. J.; David, V. A.; Zhao, K.; Stephens, R. M.; Kolokotronis, S.-O.; Roca, A. L. (2011). Murphy, William J, ed. „Reconciling apparent conflicts between mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies in African elephants”. PLoS ONE. 6 (6): e20642. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...620642I. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020642. PMC 3110795 . PMID 21701575.
Gheerbrant, E. (2009). „Paleocene emergence of elephant relatives and the rapid radiation of African ungulates”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (26): 10717–10721. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10610717G. doi:10.1073/pnas.0900251106. PMC 2705600 . PMID 19549873. Arhivat din original la 5 iulie 2012. Accesat în 14 februarie 2019.
Shoshani, J.; Walter, R. C.; Abraha, M.; Berhe, S.; Tassy, P.; Sanders, W. J.; Marchant, G. H.; Libsekal, Y.; Ghirmai, T. (2006). „A proboscidean from the late Oligocene of Eritrea, a "missing link" between early Elephantiformes and Elephantimorpha, and biogeographic implications”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (46): 17296–301. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10317296S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0603689103. PMC 1859925 . PMID 17085582.
Hutchinson, J. R.; Delmer, C.; Miller, C. E.; Hildebrandt, T.; Pitsillides, A. A.; Boyde, A. (2011). „From flat foot to fat foot: structure, ontogeny, function, and evolution of elephant "sixth toes"”. Science. 334 (6063): 1699–1703. Bibcode:2011Sci...334R1699H. doi:10.1126/science.1211437. PMID 22194576.
Noro, M.; Masuda, R.; Dubrovo, I. A.; Yoshida, M. C.; Kato, M. (1998). „Molecular phylogenetic inference of the woolly mammoth Mammuthus primigenius, based on complete sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b and 12S ribosomal RNA genes”. Journal of Molecular Evolution. 46 (3): 314–26. Bibcode:1998JMolE..46..314N. doi:10.1007/PL00006308. PMID 9493356.
Vartanyan, S. L., Garutt, V. E., Sher, A. V.; Garutt; Sher (1993). „Holocene dwarf mammoths from Wrangel Island in the Siberian Arctic”. Nature. 362 (6418): 337–40. Bibcode:1993Natur.362..337V. doi:10.1038/362337a0. PMID 29633990.
Reuter, T.; Nummela, S.; Hemilä, S. (1998). „Elephant hearing” (PDF). Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 104 (2): 1122–23. Bibcode:1998ASAJ..104.1122R. doi:10.1121/1.423341. Arhivat din original (PDF) la 7 decembrie 2012.
Hutchinson, J. R.; Famini, D.; Lair, R.; Kram, R. (2003). „Biomechanics: Are fast-moving elephants really running?”. Nature. 422 (6931): 493–94. Bibcode:2003Natur.422..493H. doi:10.1038/422493a. PMID 12673241.
Siegel, J.M. (2005). „Clues to the functions of mammalian sleep”. Nature. 437 (7063): 1264–71. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1264S. doi:10.1038/nature04285. PMID 16251951.
Campos-Arceiz, A.; Blake, S. (2011). „Mega-gardeners of the forest – the role of elephants in seed dispersal” (PDF). Acta Oecologica. 37 (6): 542–53. Bibcode:2011AcO....37..542C. doi:10.1016/j.actao.2011.01.014.
Slotow, R.; van Dyk, G.; Poole, J.; Page, B.; Klocke, A. (2000). „Older bull elephants control young males”. Nature. 408 (6811): 425–26. Bibcode:2000Natur.408..425S. doi:10.1038/35044191. PMID 11100713.
O'Connell-Rodwell C. E.; Arnason, B.; Hart, L. A. (2000). „Seismic properties of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) vocalizations and locomotion”. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 108 (6): 3066–72. Bibcode:2000ASAJ..108.3066O. doi:10.1121/1.1323460. PMID 11144599.
Plotnik, J. M.; de Waal; F. B. M.; Reiss, D. (2006). „Self-recognition in an Asian elephant”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (45): 17053–57. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10317053P. doi:10.1073/pnas.0608062103. PMC 1636577 . PMID 17075063.
Rensch, B. (1957). „The intelligence of elephants”. Scientific American. 196 (2): 44–49. Bibcode:1957SciAm.196b..44R. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0257-44.

archive.is (Global: 76^th place; Romanian: 103^rd place)

Pickler, N. (4 martie 2009). „Circus CEO says elephants are struck, but not hurt”. Associated Press. Arhivat din original la 20 ianuarie 2013. Accesat în 25 octombrie 2012.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Romanian: 19^th place)

Kalb, J. E.; Mebrate, A. (1993). Fossil Elephantoids from the Hominid-Bearing Awash Group, Middle Awash Valley, Afar Depression, Ethiopia. The American Philosophical Society. pp. 52–59. ISBN 978-0-87169-831-5.
Ozawa, T.; Hayashi, S.; Mikhelson, V. M. (1997). „Phylogenetic position of mammoth and Steller's sea cow within tethytheria demonstrated by mitochondrial DNA sequences”. Journal of Molecular Evolution. 44 (4): 406–13. Bibcode:1997JMolE..44..406O. doi:10.1007/PL00006160. PMID 9089080.
Temminck, Coenraad Jacob (1847). Coup-D'oeil Général sur les Possessions Néerlandaises dans L'Inde Archipélagique. Leide, A. Arnz & comp. p. 90.
Barnes, R. F. W.; Blom, A.; Alers M. P. T. (1995). „A review of the status of forest elephants Loxodonta africana in Central Africa”. Biological Conservation. 71 (2): 125–32. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(94)00014-H.
Roca, A. L.; Georgiadis, N.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; O'Brien, S. J. (2001). „Genetic evidence for two species of elephant in Africa”. Science. 293 (5534): 1473–77. Bibcode:2001Sci...293.1473R. doi:10.1126/science.1059936. PMID 11520983.
Shoshani, J.; Walter, R. C.; Abraha, M.; Berhe, S.; Tassy, P.; Sanders, W. J.; Marchant, G. H.; Libsekal, Y.; Ghirmai, T. (2006). „A proboscidean from the late Oligocene of Eritrea, a "missing link" between early Elephantiformes and Elephantimorpha, and biogeographic implications”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (46): 17296–301. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10317296S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0603689103. PMC 1859925 . PMID 17085582.
Shoshani, J. (1998). „Understanding proboscidean evolution: a formidable task”. Trends in Ecology and Evolution (în engleză). 13 (12): 480–87. doi:10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01491-8.
Hutchinson, J. R.; Delmer, C.; Miller, C. E.; Hildebrandt, T.; Pitsillides, A. A.; Boyde, A. (2011). „From flat foot to fat foot: structure, ontogeny, function, and evolution of elephant "sixth toes"”. Science. 334 (6063): 1699–1703. Bibcode:2011Sci...334R1699H. doi:10.1126/science.1211437. PMID 22194576.
Noro, M.; Masuda, R.; Dubrovo, I. A.; Yoshida, M. C.; Kato, M. (1998). „Molecular phylogenetic inference of the woolly mammoth Mammuthus primigenius, based on complete sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b and 12S ribosomal RNA genes”. Journal of Molecular Evolution. 46 (3): 314–26. Bibcode:1998JMolE..46..314N. doi:10.1007/PL00006308. PMID 9493356.
Vartanyan, S. L., Garutt, V. E., Sher, A. V.; Garutt; Sher (1993). „Holocene dwarf mammoths from Wrangel Island in the Siberian Arctic”. Nature. 362 (6418): 337–40. Bibcode:1993Natur.362..337V. doi:10.1038/362337a0. PMID 29633990.
Yokoyama, S.; Takenaka, N.; Agnew, D. W.; Shoshani, J. (2005). „Elephants and human color-blind deuteranopes have identical sets of visual pigments”. Genetics. 170 (1): 335–44. doi:10.1534/genetics.104.039511. PMC 1449733 . PMID 15781694.
Martin, F.; Niemitz C. (2003). „"Right-trunkers" and "left-trunkers": side preferences of trunk movements in wild Asian elephants (Elephas maximus)”. Journal of Comparative Psychology. 117 (4): 371–79. doi:10.1037/0735-7036.117.4.371. PMID 14717638.
Hutchinson, J. R.; Famini, D.; Lair, R.; Kram, R. (2003). „Biomechanics: Are fast-moving elephants really running?”. Nature. 422 (6931): 493–94. Bibcode:2003Natur.422..493H. doi:10.1038/422493a. PMID 12673241.
Anon (2010). Mammal Anatomy: An Illustrated Guide. Marshall Cavendish. pp. 59. ISBN 978-0-7614-7882-9.
Hoare, B. (2009). Animal Migration: Remarkable Journeys in the Wild. University of California Press. pp. 58–59. ISBN 978-0-520-25823-5.
Hoare, Ben (2009). Animal Migration: Remarkable Journeys in the Wild. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 59.
Vaughan, T.; Ryan, J.; Czaplewski, N. (2011). Mammalogy. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 136. ISBN 978-0763762995.
Slotow, R.; van Dyk, G.; Poole, J.; Page, B.; Klocke, A. (2000). „Older bull elephants control young males”. Nature. 408 (6811): 425–26. Bibcode:2000Natur.408..425S. doi:10.1038/35044191. PMID 11100713.
Estes, R. (1991). The behavior guide to African mammals: including hoofed mammals, carnivores, primates. University of California Press. pp. 263–66. ISBN 978-0-520-08085-0.
Sims, M. (2009). In the Womb: Animals. National Geographic Books. p. 118. ISBN 978-1426201752.
Bagemihl, B. (1999). Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity. St. Martin's Press. pp. 427–30. ISBN 978-1-4668-0927-7.
Payne, K.B.; Langbauer, W.R.; Thomas, E.M. (1986). „Infrasonic calls of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus)”. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 18 (4): 297–301. doi:10.1007/BF00300007.
Plotnik, J. M.; de Waal; F. B. M.; Reiss, D. (2006). „Self-recognition in an Asian elephant”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (45): 17053–57. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10317053P. doi:10.1073/pnas.0608062103. PMC 1636577 . PMID 17075063.
Rensch, B. (1957). „The intelligence of elephants”. Scientific American. 196 (2): 44–49. Bibcode:1957SciAm.196b..44R. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0257-44.
Masson, Jeffrey Moussaieff; Susan McCarthy (1996). When Elephants Weep: Emotional Lives of Animals. Vintage. p. 272. ISBN 978-0-09-947891-1.
Van Riper; A. B. (2002). Science in Popular Culture: A Reference Guide. Greenwood Press. pp. 73–75. ISBN 978-0-313-31822-1.
Klinsöhr-Leroy, C.; Grosenick, U. (2004). Surrealism. Taschen. p. 50. ISBN 978-3-8228-2215-9.
Tresidder, Jack (1997). The Hutchinson Dictionary of Symbols. London: Helicon. p. 74. ISBN 978-1-85986-059-5.

asianelephantresearch.com (Global: low place; Romanian: low place)

Somgrid, C. „Elephant Anatomy and Biology: Skeletal system”. Elephant Research and Education Center, Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University. Arhivat din original la 13 iunie 2012. Accesat în 21 septembrie 2012.
Somgrid, C. „Elephant Anatomy and Biology: Special sense organs”. Elephant Research and Education Center, Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University. Arhivat din original la 29 iulie 2013. Accesat în 21 septembrie 2012.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; Romanian: 25^th place)

news.bbc.co.uk

„How elephants 'snorkel'”. BBC News. 31 august 2002. Accesat în 3 noiembrie 2012.
„Elephants kill endangered rhino”. BBC News. 14 februarie 2000. Accesat în 5 octombrie 2012.
„War veteran elephant dies”. BBC News. 26 februarie 2003. Accesat în 8 ianuarie 2013.
„India elephant rampage”. BBC News. 24 decembrie 1998. Accesat în 16 iunie 2007.
„Drunken elephants trample village”. BBC News. 21 octombrie 1999. Accesat în 16 iunie 2007.
„Drunk elephants kill six people”. BBC News. 17 decembrie 2002. Accesat în 16 iunie 2007.

bbc.co.uk

„Dung eater”. BBC Nature. Arhivat din original la 29 decembrie 2011. Accesat în 27 noiembrie 2011.

biodiversitylibrary.org (Global: 168^th place; Romanian: 157^th place)

Linnaeus, Carl (1758). Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. v.1 (ed. 10th). Holmiae : Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. p. 33.
Cuvier, Georges (1798). Tableau Élémentaire de L'histoire Naturelle des Animaux. Baudouin, Imprimeur du Corps législatif et de l'Institut national, place du Carrousel, N°. 662. p. 148.
Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich (1797). Handbuch der Naturgeschichte (ed. 5th). Göttingen: J. C. Dieterich. p. 124.
Cuvier, Frédéric (1824). Histoire Naturelle des Mammifères: avec des Figures originales, coloriées, dessinées d'aprèsdes Animaux vivans. t.6 (1824). A Paris, Chez A. Belin. p. 118.
Anonymous (1827). „Histoire Naturelle des Mammifères: avec des Figures originales, coloriées, dessinées d'aprèsdes Animaux vivans; &c. Par MM. Geoffroy Saint- Hillaire, et F. Cuvier. Livraisons 52 et 53”. The Zoological Journal. 3: 140.
Osborn, Henry Fairfield (1942). Proboscidea : a Monograph of the Discovery, Evolution, Migration and Extinction of the Mastodonts and Elephants of the World. v.2. Trustees of the American Museum of Natural History : American Museum Press. p. 1193.
Matschie, Paul (1900). „Herr Matschie sprach über geographische Abarten des afrikanischen Elefanten”. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin. R. Friedländer und Sohn]. 1900 (189–200).

biologists.org (Global: 5,151^st place; Romanian: 3,829^th place)

jeb.biologists.org

Larom, D.; Garstang, M.; Payne, K.; Raspet, R.; Lindeque, M. (1997). „The influence of surface atmospheric conditions on the range and area reached by animal vocalizations” (PDF). Journal of Experimental Biology. 200 (Pt 3): 421–31. PMID 9057305.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; Romanian: 8^th place)

Kingdon, Jonathan (2013). Mammals of Africa. Bloomsbury. p. 173. ISBN 9781408189962.
Murray E. Fowler; Susan K. Mikota (2006). Biology, Medicine, and Surgery of Elephants. John Wiley & Sons. p. 353. ISBN 978-0-8138-0676-1.
Guading, Madonna (2009). The signs and symbols bible : the definitive guide to mysterious markings. New York: Sterling Pub. Co. p. 239. ISBN 978-1402770043.

chinadaily.com.cn (Global: 752^nd place; Romanian: 1,104^th place)

Zhuoqiong, W. (16 iulie 2005). „Tuskless elephants evolving thanks to poachers”. China Daily^⁠(d). Accesat în 27 ianuarie 2013.

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; Romanian: 80^th place)

Karimi, Faith (2 mai 2016). „Ringling Bros. elephants perform last show”. St. Petersburg, Florida: CNN. Accesat în 21 septembrie 2017.

cubedeglace.com (Global: low place; Romanian: low place)

regis.cubedeglace.com

Debruyne, R.; Van Holt, A.; Barriel, V.; Tassy, P. (2003). „Status of the so-called African pygmy elephant (Loxodonta pumilio (NOACK 1906)): phylogeny of cytochrome b and mitochondrial control region sequences” (PDF). Comptes Rendus Biologies. 326 (7): 687–97. doi:10.1016/S1631-0691(03)00158-6. PMID 14556388. Arhivat din original (PDF) la 3 decembrie 2013.
Debruyne, R.; Barriel, V.; Tassy, P. (2003). „Mitochondrial cytochrome b of the Lyakhov mammoth (Proboscidea, Mammalia): new data and phylogenetic analyses of Elephantidae” (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 26 (3): 421–34. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00292-0. PMID 12644401. Arhivat din original (PDF) la 13 noiembrie 2013.

dailyrecord.com (Global: low place; Romanian: low place)

Pickler, N. (4 martie 2009). „Circus CEO says elephants are struck, but not hurt”. Associated Press. Arhivat din original la 20 ianuarie 2013. Accesat în 25 octombrie 2012.

defra.gov.uk (Global: 5,513^th place; Romanian: low place)

randd.defra.gov.uk

Harris, M.; Sherwin, C.; Harris, S. (2008). „Defra final report on elephant welfare” (PDF). University of Bristol. Arhivat din original (PDF) la 24 noiembrie 2014. Accesat în 14 februarie 2019.
Harris, M.; Sherwin, C.; Harris, S. (10 noiembrie 2008). „Defra Final Report on Elephant Welfare” (PDF). University of Bristol. Arhivat din original (PDF) la 24 noiembrie 2014. Accesat în 16 noiembrie 2011.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Romanian: 3^rd place)

Tabuce, R.; Asher, R. J.; Lehmann, T. (2008). „Afrotherian mammals: a review of current data” (PDF). Mammalia. 72: 2–14. doi:10.1515/MAMM.2008.004. ISSN 0025-1461. Arhivat din original (PDF) la 24 februarie 2021. Accesat în 14 februarie 2019.
Kellogg, M.; Burkett, S.; Dennis, T. R.; Stone, G.; Gray, B. A.; McGuire, P. M.; Zori, R. T.; Stanyon, R. (2007). „Chromosome painting in the manatee supports Afrotheria and Paenungulata”. Evolutionary Biology. 7: 6. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-6. PMC 1784077 . PMID 17244368.
Ozawa, T.; Hayashi, S.; Mikhelson, V. M. (1997). „Phylogenetic position of mammoth and Steller's sea cow within tethytheria demonstrated by mitochondrial DNA sequences”. Journal of Molecular Evolution. 44 (4): 406–13. Bibcode:1997JMolE..44..406O. doi:10.1007/PL00006160. PMID 9089080.
Fernando, P.; Vidya, T. N. C.; Payne, J.; Stuewe, M.; Davison, G.; Alfred, R. J.; Andau, P.; Bosi, E.; Kilbourn, A. (2003). „DNA analysis indicates that Asian Elephants are native to Borneo and are therefore a high priority for conservation”. PLoS Biol. 1 (1): e6. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0000006. PMC 176546 . PMID 12929206.
Barnes, R. F. W.; Blom, A.; Alers M. P. T. (1995). „A review of the status of forest elephants Loxodonta africana in Central Africa”. Biological Conservation. 71 (2): 125–32. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(94)00014-H.
Rohland, N.; Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo; Pollack, Joshua L.; Slatkin, Montgomery; Matheus, Paul; Hofreiter, Michael (2007). „Proboscidean mitogenomics: chronology and mode of elephant evolution using mastodon as outgroup”. PLoS Biology. 5 (8): e207. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050207. PMC 1925134 . PMID 17676977.
Roca, A. L.; Georgiadis, N.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; O'Brien, S. J. (2001). „Genetic evidence for two species of elephant in Africa”. Science. 293 (5534): 1473–77. Bibcode:2001Sci...293.1473R. doi:10.1126/science.1059936. PMID 11520983.
Eggert, L. S.; Rasner, C. A.; Woodruff, D. S. (2002). „The evolution and phylogeography of the African elephant inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence and nuclear microsatellite markers”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 269 (1504): 1993–2006. doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2070. PMC 1691127 . PMID 12396498.
Debruyne, R. (2005). „A case study of apparent conflict between molecular phylogenies: the interrelationships of African elephants”. Cladistics. 21 (1): 31–50. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2004.00044.x.
Rohland, N.; Reich, D.; Mallick, S.; Meyer, M.; Green, R. E.; Georgiadis, N. J.; Roca, A. L.; Hofreiter, M. (2010). Penny, David, ed. „Genomic DNA Sequences from Mastodon and Woolly Mammoth Reveal Deep Speciation of Forest and Savanna Elephants”. PLoS Biology. 8 (12): e1000564. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000564. PMC 3006346 . PMID 21203580.
Ishida, Y.; Oleksyk, T. K.; Georgiadis, N. J.; David, V. A.; Zhao, K.; Stephens, R. M.; Kolokotronis, S.-O.; Roca, A. L. (2011). Murphy, William J, ed. „Reconciling apparent conflicts between mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies in African elephants”. PLoS ONE. 6 (6): e20642. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...620642I. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020642. PMC 3110795 . PMID 21701575.
Roca, Alfred L.; Ishida, Yasuko; Brandt, Adam L.; Benjamin, Neal R.; Zhao, Kai; Georgiadis, Nicholas J. (2015). „Elephant Natural History: A Genomic Perspective”. Annual Review of Animal Biosciences. 3 (1): 139–167. doi:10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-110838. PMID 25493538.
Roca, A. L. Ishida, Y.; Brandt, A. L.; Benjamin, N. R.; Zhao, K.; Georgiadis, N. J. (2015). „Elephant Natural History: A Genomic Perspective”. Annual Review of Animal Biosciences. 3 (1): 139–167. doi:10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-110838. PMID 25493538.
Palkopoulou, E.; et al. (2018). „A comprehensive genomic history of extinct and living elephants”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 115 (11): E2566–E2574. doi:10.1073/pnas.1720554115. PMC 5856550 . PMID 29483247.
Meyer, Matthias (2017). „Palaeogenomes of Eurasian straight-tusked elephants challenge the current view of elephant evolution”. eLife. 6. doi:10.7554/eLife.25413. PMC 5461109 . PMID 28585920.
Eggert, L. S. Eggert, J. A. Woodruff, D. S.; Eggert; Woodruff (2003). „Estimating population sizes for elusive animals: the forest elephants of Kakum National Park, Ghana” (PDF). Molecular Ecology. 12 (6): 1389–1402. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01822.x. PMID 12755869. Arhivat din original (PDF) la 4 martie 2016. Accesat în 14 februarie 2019.
Debruyne, R.; Van Holt, A.; Barriel, V.; Tassy, P. (2003). „Status of the so-called African pygmy elephant (Loxodonta pumilio (NOACK 1906)): phylogeny of cytochrome b and mitochondrial control region sequences” (PDF). Comptes Rendus Biologies. 326 (7): 687–97. doi:10.1016/S1631-0691(03)00158-6. PMID 14556388. Arhivat din original (PDF) la 3 decembrie 2013.
Gheerbrant, E. (2009). „Paleocene emergence of elephant relatives and the rapid radiation of African ungulates”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (26): 10717–10721. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10610717G. doi:10.1073/pnas.0900251106. PMC 2705600 . PMID 19549873. Arhivat din original la 5 iulie 2012. Accesat în 14 februarie 2019.
Shoshani, J.; Walter, R. C.; Abraha, M.; Berhe, S.; Tassy, P.; Sanders, W. J.; Marchant, G. H.; Libsekal, Y.; Ghirmai, T. (2006). „A proboscidean from the late Oligocene of Eritrea, a "missing link" between early Elephantiformes and Elephantimorpha, and biogeographic implications”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (46): 17296–301. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10317296S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0603689103. PMC 1859925 . PMID 17085582.
Shoshani, J. (1998). „Understanding proboscidean evolution: a formidable task”. Trends in Ecology and Evolution (în engleză). 13 (12): 480–87. doi:10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01491-8.
Larramendi A (2015). „Shoulder height, body mass and shape of proboscideans" (PDF)”. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. doi:10.4202/app.00136.2014.
Hutchinson, J. R.; Delmer, C.; Miller, C. E.; Hildebrandt, T.; Pitsillides, A. A.; Boyde, A. (2011). „From flat foot to fat foot: structure, ontogeny, function, and evolution of elephant "sixth toes"”. Science. 334 (6063): 1699–1703. Bibcode:2011Sci...334R1699H. doi:10.1126/science.1211437. PMID 22194576.
West, J. B. (2002). „Why doesn't the elephant have a pleural space?”. Physiology. 17 (2): 47–50. doi:10.1152/nips.01374.2001. PMID 11909991. Arhivat din original la 27 ianuarie 2016. Accesat în 14 februarie 2019.
Debruyne, R.; Barriel, V.; Tassy, P. (2003). „Mitochondrial cytochrome b of the Lyakhov mammoth (Proboscidea, Mammalia): new data and phylogenetic analyses of Elephantidae” (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 26 (3): 421–34. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00292-0. PMID 12644401. Arhivat din original (PDF) la 13 noiembrie 2013.
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„What really prompts the dog's 'Guilty Look'”. Science Daily. 2009. Accesat în 5 septembrie 2013.

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Pennisi, E. (22 decembrie 2011). „Elephants Have a Sixth 'Toe'”. ScienceMag.org. Arhivat din original la 13 ianuarie 2012. Accesat în 23 decembrie 2011.

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Hicks, Celeste (19 martie 2013). „86 elephants killed in Chad poaching massacre”. The Guardian. Accesat în 23 septembrie 2015.
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O'Connell-Rodwell, C. E.; Wood, J. D.; Rodwell, T. C.; Puria, S.; Partan, S. R.; Keefe, R.; Shriver, D.; Arnason, B. T.; Hart, L. A. (2006). „Wild elephant (Loxodonta africana) breeding herds respond to artificially transmitted seismic stimuli” (PDF). Behavioural and Ecological Sociobiology. 59 (6): 842–50. doi:10.1007/s00265-005-0136-2. Arhivat din original (PDF) la 3 decembrie 2013.

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„Elephant: The Animal and Its Ivory in African Culture”. Fowler Museum at UCLA. Arhivat din original la 30 martie 2013. Accesat în 24 ianuarie 2013.

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Eggert, L. S. Eggert, J. A. Woodruff, D. S.; Eggert; Woodruff (2003). „Estimating population sizes for elusive animals: the forest elephants of Kakum National Park, Ghana” (PDF). Molecular Ecology. 12 (6): 1389–1402. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01822.x. PMID 12755869. Arhivat din original (PDF) la 4 martie 2016. Accesat în 14 februarie 2019.

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Thuppil, V.; Coss, R. G. (2013). „Wild Asian elephants distinguish aggressive tiger and leopard growls according to perceived danger”. Biology Letters. 9 (5): 20130518. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2013.0518. PMC 3971691 . PMID 24026347. Arhivat din original la 14 iulie 2014.

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Grubb, P.; Groves, C. P.; Dudley J. P.; Shoshani, J. (2000). „Living African elephants belong to two species: Loxodonta africana (Blumenbach, 1797) and Loxodonta cyclotis (Matschie, 1900)”. Elephant. 2 (4): 1–4.

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Tabuce, R.; Asher, R. J.; Lehmann, T. (2008). „Afrotherian mammals: a review of current data” (PDF). Mammalia. 72: 2–14. doi:10.1515/MAMM.2008.004. ISSN 0025-1461. Arhivat din original (PDF) la 24 februarie 2021. Accesat în 14 februarie 2019.
Chasen, Frederick Nutter (1940). „A Handlist of Malaysian Mammals”. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, Singapore (15): 190. Arhivat din original la 11 august 2017. Accesat în 14 februarie 2019.
Eggert, L. S. Eggert, J. A. Woodruff, D. S.; Eggert; Woodruff (2003). „Estimating population sizes for elusive animals: the forest elephants of Kakum National Park, Ghana” (PDF). Molecular Ecology. 12 (6): 1389–1402. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01822.x. PMID 12755869. Arhivat din original (PDF) la 4 martie 2016. Accesat în 14 februarie 2019.
Debruyne, R.; Van Holt, A.; Barriel, V.; Tassy, P. (2003). „Status of the so-called African pygmy elephant (Loxodonta pumilio (NOACK 1906)): phylogeny of cytochrome b and mitochondrial control region sequences” (PDF). Comptes Rendus Biologies. 326 (7): 687–97. doi:10.1016/S1631-0691(03)00158-6. PMID 14556388. Arhivat din original (PDF) la 3 decembrie 2013.
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Somgrid, C. „Elephant Anatomy and Biology: Skeletal system”. Elephant Research and Education Center, Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University. Arhivat din original la 13 iunie 2012. Accesat în 21 septembrie 2012.
Somgrid, C. „Elephant Anatomy and Biology: Special sense organs”. Elephant Research and Education Center, Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University. Arhivat din original la 29 iulie 2013. Accesat în 21 septembrie 2012.
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Reuter, T.; Nummela, S.; Hemilä, S. (1998). „Elephant hearing” (PDF). Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 104 (2): 1122–23. Bibcode:1998ASAJ..104.1122R. doi:10.1121/1.423341. Arhivat din original (PDF) la 7 decembrie 2012.
Gray, R. (20 ianuarie 2008). „Why elephants are not so long in the tusk”. The Daily Telegraph. Arhivat din original la 4 februarie 2013. Accesat în 27 ianuarie 2013.
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Thuppil, V.; Coss, R. G. (2013). „Wild Asian elephants distinguish aggressive tiger and leopard growls according to perceived danger”. Biology Letters. 9 (5): 20130518. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2013.0518. PMC 3971691 . PMID 24026347. Arhivat din original la 14 iulie 2014.
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McComb, K.; Shannon, G.; Durant, S. M.; Sayialel, K.; Slotow, R.; Poole, J.; Moss, C. (2011). „Leadership in elephants: the adaptive value of age” (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 278 (1722): 3270–76. doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.0168. PMC 3169024 . PMID 21411454. Arhivat din original (PDF) la 29 aprilie 2013. Accesat în 14 februarie 2019.
„Elephant Reproduction Project: The Estrous Cycle of Elephants”. Smithsonian National Zoo. Arhivat din original la 6 iunie 2012. Accesat în 8 octombrie 2012.
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O'Connell-Rodwell, C. E.; Wood, J. D.; Rodwell, T. C.; Puria, S.; Partan, S. R.; Keefe, R.; Shriver, D.; Arnason, B. T.; Hart, L. A. (2006). „Wild elephant (Loxodonta africana) breeding herds respond to artificially transmitted seismic stimuli” (PDF). Behavioural and Ecological Sociobiology. 59 (6): 842–50. doi:10.1007/s00265-005-0136-2. Arhivat din original (PDF) la 3 decembrie 2013.
Douglas-Hamilton, I.; Bhallaa, S.; Wittemyera, G.; Vollratha, F. (2006). „Behavioural reactions of elephants towards a dying and deceased matriarch” (PDF). Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 100 (1): 87–102. doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2006.04.014. Arhivat din original (PDF) la 11 mai 2012.
Site-ul Star. "Prima Lady lansează o campanie pentru a salva elefanții". Arhivat în 8 august 2016, la Wayback Machine. 4 iunie 2016. Accesat la 5 iunie 2016.
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Harris, M.; Sherwin, C.; Harris, S. (10 noiembrie 2008). „Defra Final Report on Elephant Welfare” (PDF). University of Bristol. Arhivat din original (PDF) la 24 noiembrie 2014. Accesat în 16 noiembrie 2011.
„Circus Myths: The true cruelty under the big top”. Humane Society of the United States. 25 septembrie 2009. Arhivat din original la 5 septembrie 2015. Accesat în 24 octombrie 2012.
Huggler, J. (12 octombrie 2006). „Animal Behaviour: Rogue Elephants”. The Independent. London. Arhivat din original la 14 mai 2008. Accesat în 16 iunie 2007.
„Elephant: The Animal and Its Ivory in African Culture”. Fowler Museum at UCLA. Arhivat din original la 30 martie 2013. Accesat în 24 ianuarie 2013.
„Cartoon of the Day: "The Third-Term Panic"”. HarpWeek. Arhivat din original la 21 septembrie 2011. Accesat în 1 septembrie 2008.

wikidata.org (Global: 10^th place; Romanian: 2^nd place)

Zhuoqiong, W. (16 iulie 2005). „Tuskless elephants evolving thanks to poachers”. China Daily^⁠(d). Accesat în 27 ianuarie 2013.
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worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; Romanian: 9^th place)

Tabuce, R.; Asher, R. J.; Lehmann, T. (2008). „Afrotherian mammals: a review of current data” (PDF). Mammalia. 72: 2–14. doi:10.1515/MAMM.2008.004. ISSN 0025-1461. Arhivat din original (PDF) la 24 februarie 2021. Accesat în 14 februarie 2019.
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academia.edu (Global: 105th place; Romanian: 165th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; Romanian: 29th place)

archive.is (Global: 76th place; Romanian: 103rd place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; Romanian: 19th place)

asianelephantresearch.com (Global: low place; Romanian: low place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11th place; Romanian: 25th place)

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biodiversitylibrary.org (Global: 168th place; Romanian: 157th place)

biologists.org (Global: 5,151st place; Romanian: 3,829th place)

jeb.biologists.org

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; Romanian: 8th place)

chinadaily.com.cn (Global: 752nd place; Romanian: 1,104th place)

cnn.com (Global: 36th place; Romanian: 80th place)

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dailyrecord.com (Global: low place; Romanian: low place)

defra.gov.uk (Global: 5,513th place; Romanian: low place)

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doi.org (Global: 2nd place; Romanian: 3rd place)

elephantdatabase.org (Global: low place; Romanian: low place)

elephants.com (Global: low place; Romanian: low place)

elephantsforever.co.za (Global: low place; Romanian: low place)

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enn.com (Global: low place; Romanian: low place)

etymonline.com (Global: 669th place; Romanian: 380th place)

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google.com (Global: 109th place; Romanian: 137th place)

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huffingtonpost.com (Global: 212th place; Romanian: 360th place)

humanesociety.org (Global: low place; Romanian: low place)

independent.co.uk (Global: 46th place; Romanian: 129th place)

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jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; Romanian: 76th place)

livescience.com (Global: 1,726th place; Romanian: 1,144th place)

nationalgeographic.com (Global: 489th place; Romanian: 314th place)

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nature.com (Global: 207th place; Romanian: 278th place)

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newscientist.com (Global: 1,041st place; Romanian: 678th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; Romanian: 6th place)

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nus.edu.sg (Global: 2,453rd place; Romanian: 4,331st place)

blsea.nus.edu.sg

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; Romanian: 24th place)

palaeolexicon.com (Global: low place; Romanian: low place)

panda.org (Global: 4,531st place; Romanian: 1,774th place)

assets.panda.org

phylodiversity.net (Global: low place; Romanian: low place)

physiology.org (Global: 6,780th place; Romanian: 9,817th place)

physiologyonline.physiology.org

pnas.org (Global: 1,411th place; Romanian: 1,038th place)

psychologytoday.com (Global: 2,259th place; Romanian: 1,639th place)

reproduction-online.org (Global: low place; Romanian: low place)

researchgate.net (Global: 96th place; Romanian: 168th place)

savetheelephants.org (Global: low place; Romanian: low place)

sciencedaily.com (Global: 1,390th place; Romanian: 747th place)

sciencemag.org (Global: 1,019th place; Romanian: 603rd place)

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si.edu (Global: 256th place; Romanian: 451st place)

nationalzoo.si.edu

smh.com.au (Global: 154th place; Romanian: 422nd place)

smith.edu (Global: 3,053rd place; Romanian: 1,608th place)

science.smith.edu

smithsonianmag.com (Global: 663rd place; Romanian: 726th place)

sussex.ac.uk (Global: 7,749th place; Romanian: 5,128th place)

lifesci.sussex.ac.uk

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 40th place; Romanian: 101st place)

the-star.co.ke (Global: 6,999th place; Romanian: low place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16th place; Romanian: 45th place)

thehindu.com (Global: 72nd place; Romanian: 896th place)

traffic.org (Global: low place; Romanian: low place)

tufts.edu (Global: 192nd place; Romanian: 252nd place)

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roadecology.ucdavis.edu

academia.edu (Global: 105^th place; Romanian: 165^th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; Romanian: 29^th place)

archive.is (Global: 76^th place; Romanian: 103^rd place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Romanian: 19^th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; Romanian: 25^th place)

biodiversitylibrary.org (Global: 168^th place; Romanian: 157^th place)

biologists.org (Global: 5,151^st place; Romanian: 3,829^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; Romanian: 8^th place)

chinadaily.com.cn (Global: 752^nd place; Romanian: 1,104^th place)

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; Romanian: 80^th place)

defra.gov.uk (Global: 5,513^th place; Romanian: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Romanian: 3^rd place)

etymonline.com (Global: 669^th place; Romanian: 380^th place)

fao.org (Global: 428^th place; Romanian: 163^rd place)

google.com (Global: 109^th place; Romanian: 137^th place)

huffingtonpost.com (Global: 212^th place; Romanian: 360^th place)

independent.co.uk (Global: 46^th place; Romanian: 129^th place)

iucnredlist.org (Global: 39^th place; Romanian: 49^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; Romanian: 76^th place)

livescience.com (Global: 1,726^th place; Romanian: 1,144^th place)

nationalgeographic.com (Global: 489^th place; Romanian: 314^th place)

nature.com (Global: 207^th place; Romanian: 278^th place)

newindianexpress.com (Global: 279^th place; Romanian: 3,929^th place)

news.am (Global: 3,924^th place; Romanian: 5,317^th place)

newscientist.com (Global: 1,041^st place; Romanian: 678^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; Romanian: 6^th place)

nus.edu.sg (Global: 2,453^rd place; Romanian: 4,331^st place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; Romanian: 24^th place)

panda.org (Global: 4,531^st place; Romanian: 1,774^th place)

physiology.org (Global: 6,780^th place; Romanian: 9,817^th place)

pnas.org (Global: 1,411^th place; Romanian: 1,038^th place)

psychologytoday.com (Global: 2,259^th place; Romanian: 1,639^th place)

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; Romanian: 168^th place)

sciencedaily.com (Global: 1,390^th place; Romanian: 747^th place)

sciencemag.org (Global: 1,019^th place; Romanian: 603^rd place)

si.edu (Global: 256^th place; Romanian: 451^st place)

smh.com.au (Global: 154^th place; Romanian: 422^nd place)

smith.edu (Global: 3,053^rd place; Romanian: 1,608^th place)

smithsonianmag.com (Global: 663^rd place; Romanian: 726^th place)

sussex.ac.uk (Global: 7,749^th place; Romanian: 5,128^th place)

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 40^th place; Romanian: 101^st place)

the-star.co.ke (Global: 6,999^th place; Romanian: low place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; Romanian: 45^th place)

thehindu.com (Global: 72^nd place; Romanian: 896^th place)

tufts.edu (Global: 192^nd place; Romanian: 252^nd place)

ucdavis.edu (Global: 2,336^th place; Romanian: 1,734^th place)

ucla.edu (Global: 885^th place; Romanian: 892^nd place)

ucsd.edu (Global: 2,146^th place; Romanian: 2,468^th place)

washington.edu (Global: 1,171^st place; Romanian: 866^th place)

wayne.edu (Global: 9,061^st place; Romanian: 6,363^rd place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Romanian: 1^st place)

wikidata.org (Global: 10^th place; Romanian: 2^nd place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; Romanian: 9^th place)