Germaniu (Romanian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Germaniu" in Romanian language version.

Last modified: 08:03:47, 7 August 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

Global rank Romanian rank

3728doi.org

2^nd place

3^rd place

3016web.archive.org

1^st place

1212adsabs.harvard.edu

14^th place

29^th place

113worldcat.org

4^th place

9^th place

103bnf.fr

61^st place

16^th place

99archive.org

6^th place

19^th place

51acs.org

865^th place

917^th place

44nih.gov

5^th place

6^th place

42uni-goettingen.de

2,423^rd place

2,926^th place

41usgs.gov

119^th place

256^th place

22cornell.edu

308^th place

609^th place

22arxiv.org

49^th place

119^th place

22researchgate.net

96^th place

168^th place

21osti.gov

2,098^th place

2,132^nd place

21google.com

109^th place

137^th place

11uiuc.edu

4,225^th place

2,020^th place

11handbookofmineralogy.org

5,269^th place

low place

11vanderkrogt.net

8,803^rd place

2,404^th place

11nobelprize.org

265^th place

178^th place

11nytimes.com

7^th place

24^th place

11computerhistory.org

2,702^nd place

2,611^th place

11cam.ac.uk

569^th place

1,109^th place

11greatachievements.org

low place

11lanl.gov

5,474^th place

2,198^th place

11rsc.org

2,104^th place

2,111^th place

11deutsche-rohstoffagentur.de

low place

11gtk.fi

low place

acs.org (Global: 865^th place; Romanian: 917^th place)

pubs.acs.org

Halford, Bethany (2003). „Germanium”. Chemical & Engineering News. American Chemical Society. Arhivat din original la 13 mai 2008. Accesat în 22 august 2008.

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; Romanian: 29^th place)

Adams, J. C. (13 noiembrie 1846). „Explanation of the observed irregularities in the motion of Uranus, on the hypothesis of disturbance by a more distant planet”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Blackwell Publishing. 7: 149–152. Bibcode:1846MNRAS...7..149A. doi:10.1093/mnras/7.9.149.
Challis, Rev. J. (13 noiembrie 1846). „Account of observations at the Cambridge observatory for detecting the planet exterior to Uranus”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Blackwell Publishing. 7: 145–149. Bibcode:1846MNRAS...7..145C. doi:10.1093/mnras/7.9.145.
Bardeen, J.; Brattain, W. H. (1948). „The Transistor, A Semi-Conductor Triode”. Physical Review. 74 (2): 230–231. Bibcode:1948PhRv...74..230B. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.74.230.
Teal, Gordon K. (iulie 1976). „Single Crystals of Germanium and Silicon-Basic to the Transistor and Integrated Circuit”. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. ED-23 (7): 621–639. Bibcode:1976ITED...23..621T. doi:10.1109/T-ED.1976.18464.
Agnese, R.; Aralis, T.; Aramaki, T.; Arnquist, I. J.; Azadbakht, E.; Baker, W.; Banik, S.; Barker, D.; Bauer, D. A. (27 august 2018). „Energy loss due to defect formation from 206Pb recoils in SuperCDMS germanium detectors”. Applied Physics Letters. 113 (9): 092101. arXiv:1805.09942 . Bibcode:2018ApPhL.113i2101A. doi:10.1063/1.5041457. ISSN 0003-6951.
Lévy, F.; Sheikin, I.; Grenier, B.; Huxley, A. (august 2005). „Magnetic field-induced superconductivity in the ferromagnet URhGe”. Science. 309 (5739): 1343–1346. Bibcode:2005Sci...309.1343L. doi:10.1126/science.1115498. PMID 16123293.
Tabet, N; Salim, Mushtaq A. (1998). „KRXPS study of the oxidation of Ge(001) surface”. Applied Surface Science. 134 (1–4): 275–282. Bibcode:1998ApSS..134..275T. doi:10.1016/S0169-4332(98)00251-7.
Drugoveiko, O. P.; Evstrop'ev, K. K.; Kondrat'eva, B. S.; Petrov, Yu. A.; Shevyakov, A. M. (1975). „Infrared reflectance and transmission spectra of germanium dioxide and its hydrolysis products”. Journal of Applied Spectroscopy. 22 (2): 191–193. Bibcode:1975JApSp..22..191D. doi:10.1007/BF00614256.
Lightstone, A. W.; McIntyre, R. J.; Lecomte, R.; Schmitt, D. (1986). „A Bismuth Germanate-Avalanche Photodiode Module Designed for Use in High Resolution Positron Emission Tomography”. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. 33 (1): 456–459. Bibcode:1986ITNS...33..456L. doi:10.1109/TNS.1986.4337142.
Sterling, N. C.; Dinerstein, Harriet L.; Bowers, Charles W. (2002). „Discovery of Enhanced Germanium Abundances in Planetary Nebulae with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer”. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 578 (1): L55–L58. arXiv:astro-ph/0208516 . Bibcode:2002ApJ...578L..55S. doi:10.1086/344473.
Cowan, John (1 mai 2003). „Astronomy: Elements of surprise”. Nature. 423 (29): 29. Bibcode:2003Natur.423...29C. doi:10.1038/423029a. PMID 12721614.
Kunde, V.; Hanel, R.; Maguire, W.; Gautier, D.; Baluteau, J. P.; Marten, A.; Chedin, A.; Husson, N.; Scott, N. (1982). „The tropospheric gas composition of Jupiter's north equatorial belt /NH₃, PH₃, CH₃D, GeH₄, H₂O/ and the Jovian D/H isotopic ratio”. Astrophysical Journal. 263: 443–467. Bibcode:1982ApJ...263..443K. doi:10.1086/160516.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Romanian: 19^th place)

Sears, Robert (iulie 1877). „Scientific Miscellany”. The Galaxy. Columbus, O[hio]: Siebert & Lilley. 24 (1): 131. ISBN 0-665-50166-8. OCLC 16890343.
Bardeen, J.; Brattain, W. H. (1948). „The Transistor, A Semi-Conductor Triode”. Physical Review. 74 (2): 230–231. Bibcode:1948PhRv...74..230B. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.74.230.
Teal, Gordon K. (iulie 1976). „Single Crystals of Germanium and Silicon-Basic to the Transistor and Integrated Circuit”. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. ED-23 (7): 621–639. Bibcode:1976ITED...23..621T. doi:10.1109/T-ED.1976.18464.
Lévy, F.; Sheikin, I.; Grenier, B.; Huxley, A. (august 2005). „Magnetic field-induced superconductivity in the ferromagnet URhGe”. Science. 309 (5739): 1343–1346. Bibcode:2005Sci...309.1343L. doi:10.1126/science.1115498. PMID 16123293.
Xu, Li; Sevov, Slavi C. (1999). „Oxidative Coupling of Deltahedral [Ge₉]⁴⁻ Zintl Ions”. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121 (39): 9245–9246. doi:10.1021/ja992269s.
Bayya, Shyam S.; Sanghera, Jasbinder S.; Aggarwal, Ishwar D.; Wojcik, Joshua A. (2002). „Infrared Transparent Germanate Glass-Ceramics”. Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 85 (12): 3114–3116. doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00594.x.
Drugoveiko, O. P.; Evstrop'ev, K. K.; Kondrat'eva, B. S.; Petrov, Yu. A.; Shevyakov, A. M. (1975). „Infrared reflectance and transmission spectra of germanium dioxide and its hydrolysis products”. Journal of Applied Spectroscopy. 22 (2): 191–193. Bibcode:1975JApSp..22..191D. doi:10.1007/BF00614256.
Kunde, V.; Hanel, R.; Maguire, W.; Gautier, D.; Baluteau, J. P.; Marten, A.; Chedin, A.; Husson, N.; Scott, N. (1982). „The tropospheric gas composition of Jupiter's north equatorial belt /NH₃, PH₃, CH₃D, GeH₄, H₂O/ and the Jovian D/H isotopic ratio”. Astrophysical Journal. 263: 443–467. Bibcode:1982ApJ...263..443K. doi:10.1086/160516.
Gerber, G. B.; Léonard, A. (1997). „Mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and teratogenicity of germanium compounds”. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 387 (3): 141–146. doi:10.1016/S1383-5742(97)00034-3. PMID 9439710.

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; Romanian: 119^th place)

Agnese, R.; Aralis, T.; Aramaki, T.; Arnquist, I. J.; Azadbakht, E.; Baker, W.; Banik, S.; Barker, D.; Bauer, D. A. (27 august 2018). „Energy loss due to defect formation from 206Pb recoils in SuperCDMS germanium detectors”. Applied Physics Letters. 113 (9): 092101. arXiv:1805.09942 . Bibcode:2018ApPhL.113i2101A. doi:10.1063/1.5041457. ISSN 0003-6951.
Sterling, N. C.; Dinerstein, Harriet L.; Bowers, Charles W. (2002). „Discovery of Enhanced Germanium Abundances in Planetary Nebulae with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer”. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 578 (1): L55–L58. arXiv:astro-ph/0208516 . Bibcode:2002ApJ...578L..55S. doi:10.1086/344473.

bnf.fr (Global: 61^st place; Romanian: 16^th place)

gallica.bnf.fr

Winkler, Clemens (1887). „Mittheilungen über des Germanium. Zweite Abhandlung”. J. Prak. Chemie (în German). 36 (1): 177–209. doi:10.1002/prac.18870360119. Accesat în 20 august 2008.
Winkler, Clemens (1887). „Germanium, Ge, a New Nonmetal Element”. Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft (în German). 19 (1): 210–211. doi:10.1002/cber.18860190156. Arhivat din original la 7 decembrie 2008. Accesat în 30 decembrie 2016.
de Boisbaudran, M. Lecoq (1886). „Sur le poids atomique du germanium”. Comptes rendus (în French). 103: 452. Accesat în 20 august 2008.

cam.ac.uk (Global: 569^th place; Romanian: 1,109^th place)

sp.phy.cam.ac.uk

„SiGe History”. University of Cambridge. Arhivat din original la 5 august 2008. Accesat în 22 august 2008.

computerhistory.org (Global: 2,702^nd place; Romanian: 2,611^th place)

„1941 – Semiconductor diode rectifiers serve in WW II”. Computer History Museum. Arhivat din original la 24 septembrie 2008. Accesat în 22 august 2008.

cornell.edu (Global: 308^th place; Romanian: 609^th place)

cdl.library.cornell.edu

„Editor's Scientific Record”. Harper's new monthly magazine. 55 (325): 152–153. iunie 1877.
„Germanium, a New Non-Metallic Element”. The Manufacturer and Builder: 181. 1887. Accesat în 20 august 2008.

deutsche-rohstoffagentur.de (Global: low place; Romanian: low place)

„Archived copy” (PDF). Arhivat din original (PDF) la 6 octombrie 2018. Accesat în 6 octombrie 2018.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Romanian: 3^rd place)

Winkler, Clemens (1887). „Mittheilungen über des Germanium. Zweite Abhandlung”. J. Prak. Chemie (în German). 36 (1): 177–209. doi:10.1002/prac.18870360119. Accesat în 20 august 2008.
Winkler, Clemens (1887). „Germanium, Ge, a New Nonmetal Element”. Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft (în German). 19 (1): 210–211. doi:10.1002/cber.18860190156. Arhivat din original la 7 decembrie 2008. Accesat în 30 decembrie 2016.
Adams, J. C. (13 noiembrie 1846). „Explanation of the observed irregularities in the motion of Uranus, on the hypothesis of disturbance by a more distant planet”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Blackwell Publishing. 7: 149–152. Bibcode:1846MNRAS...7..149A. doi:10.1093/mnras/7.9.149.
Challis, Rev. J. (13 noiembrie 1846). „Account of observations at the Cambridge observatory for detecting the planet exterior to Uranus”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Blackwell Publishing. 7: 145–149. Bibcode:1846MNRAS...7..145C. doi:10.1093/mnras/7.9.145.
Brunck, O. (1886). „Obituary: Clemens Winkler”. Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft (în German). 39 (4): 4491–4548. doi:10.1002/cber.190603904164.
Bardeen, J.; Brattain, W. H. (1948). „The Transistor, A Semi-Conductor Triode”. Physical Review. 74 (2): 230–231. Bibcode:1948PhRv...74..230B. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.74.230.
Teal, Gordon K. (iulie 1976). „Single Crystals of Germanium and Silicon-Basic to the Transistor and Integrated Circuit”. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. ED-23 (7): 621–639. Bibcode:1976ITED...23..621T. doi:10.1109/T-ED.1976.18464.
Agnese, R.; Aralis, T.; Aramaki, T.; Arnquist, I. J.; Azadbakht, E.; Baker, W.; Banik, S.; Barker, D.; Bauer, D. A. (27 august 2018). „Energy loss due to defect formation from 206Pb recoils in SuperCDMS germanium detectors”. Applied Physics Letters. 113 (9): 092101. arXiv:1805.09942 . Bibcode:2018ApPhL.113i2101A. doi:10.1063/1.5041457. ISSN 0003-6951.
Lévy, F.; Sheikin, I.; Grenier, B.; Huxley, A. (august 2005). „Magnetic field-induced superconductivity in the ferromagnet URhGe”. Science. 309 (5739): 1343–1346. Bibcode:2005Sci...309.1343L. doi:10.1126/science.1115498. PMID 16123293.
Givargizov, E. I. (1972). „Morphology of Germanium Whiskers”. Kristall und Technik. 7 (1–3): 37–41. doi:10.1002/crat.19720070107.
Tabet, N; Salim, Mushtaq A. (1998). „KRXPS study of the oxidation of Ge(001) surface”. Applied Surface Science. 134 (1–4): 275–282. Bibcode:1998ApSS..134..275T. doi:10.1016/S0169-4332(98)00251-7.
Tabet, N; Salim, M. A.; Al-Oteibi, A. L. (1999). „XPS study of the growth kinetics of thin films obtained by thermal oxidation of germanium substrates”. Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. 101–103: 233–238. doi:10.1016/S0368-2048(98)00451-4.
Xu, Li; Sevov, Slavi C. (1999). „Oxidative Coupling of Deltahedral [Ge₉]⁴⁻ Zintl Ions”. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121 (39): 9245–9246. doi:10.1021/ja992269s.
Bayya, Shyam S.; Sanghera, Jasbinder S.; Aggarwal, Ishwar D.; Wojcik, Joshua A. (2002). „Infrared Transparent Germanate Glass-Ceramics”. Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 85 (12): 3114–3116. doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00594.x.
Drugoveiko, O. P.; Evstrop'ev, K. K.; Kondrat'eva, B. S.; Petrov, Yu. A.; Shevyakov, A. M. (1975). „Infrared reflectance and transmission spectra of germanium dioxide and its hydrolysis products”. Journal of Applied Spectroscopy. 22 (2): 191–193. Bibcode:1975JApSp..22..191D. doi:10.1007/BF00614256.
Lightstone, A. W.; McIntyre, R. J.; Lecomte, R.; Schmitt, D. (1986). „A Bismuth Germanate-Avalanche Photodiode Module Designed for Use in High Resolution Positron Emission Tomography”. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. 33 (1): 456–459. Bibcode:1986ITNS...33..456L. doi:10.1109/TNS.1986.4337142.
Johnson, Otto H. (1952). „Germanium and its Inorganic Compounds”. Chem. Rev. 51 (3): 431–469. doi:10.1021/cr60160a002.
Fröba, Michael; Oberender, Nadine (1997). „First synthesis of mesostructured thiogermanates”. Chemical Communications (18): 1729–1730. doi:10.1039/a703634e.
Beattie, I.R.; Jones, P.J.; Reid, G.; Webster, M. (1998). „The Crystal Structure and Raman Spectrum of Ge₅Cl₁₂·GeCl₄ and the Vibrational Spectrum of Ge₂Cl₆”. Inorg. Chem. 37 (23): 6032–6034. doi:10.1021/ic9807341. PMID 11670739.
Satge, Jacques (1984). „Reactive intermediates in organogermanium chemistry”. Pure Appl. Chem. 56 (1): 137–150. doi:10.1351/pac198456010137.
Quane, Denis; Bottei, Rudolph S. (1963). „Organogermanium Chemistry”. Chemical Reviews. 63 (4): 403–442. doi:10.1021/cr60224a004.
Sterling, N. C.; Dinerstein, Harriet L.; Bowers, Charles W. (2002). „Discovery of Enhanced Germanium Abundances in Planetary Nebulae with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer”. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 578 (1): L55–L58. arXiv:astro-ph/0208516 . Bibcode:2002ApJ...578L..55S. doi:10.1086/344473.
Cowan, John (1 mai 2003). „Astronomy: Elements of surprise”. Nature. 423 (29): 29. Bibcode:2003Natur.423...29C. doi:10.1038/423029a. PMID 12721614.
Kunde, V.; Hanel, R.; Maguire, W.; Gautier, D.; Baluteau, J. P.; Marten, A.; Chedin, A.; Husson, N.; Scott, N. (1982). „The tropospheric gas composition of Jupiter's north equatorial belt /NH₃, PH₃, CH₃D, GeH₄, H₂O/ and the Jovian D/H isotopic ratio”. Astrophysical Journal. 263: 443–467. Bibcode:1982ApJ...263..443K. doi:10.1086/160516.
Höll, R.; Kling, M.; Schroll, E. (2007). „Metallogenesis of germanium – A review”. Ore Geology Reviews. 30 (3–4): 145–180. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2005.07.034.
Frenzel, Max (2016). „The distribution of gallium, germanium and indium in conventional and non-conventional resources – Implications for global availability (PDF Download Available)”. ResearchGate. Unpublished. doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.20956.18564. Arhivat din original la 6 octombrie 2018. Accesat în 10 iunie 2017.
Roberts, Andrew C.; et al. (decembrie 2004). „Eyselite, Fe3+Ge34+O7(OH), a new mineral species from Tsumeb, Namibia”. The Canadian Mineralogist. 42 (6): 1771–1776. doi:10.2113/gscanmin.42.6.1771.
Gerber, G. B.; Léonard, A. (1997). „Mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and teratogenicity of germanium compounds”. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 387 (3): 141–146. doi:10.1016/S1383-5742(97)00034-3. PMID 9439710.

google.com (Global: 109^th place; Romanian: 137^th place)

Perreault, Bruce A. "Alpha Fusion Electrical Energy Valve", US Patent 7800286, issued September 21, 2010. PDF copy la Wayback Machine (archived 12 octombrie 2007)

greatachievements.org (Global: low place; Romanian: low place)

„Electronics History 4 – Transistors”. National Academy of Engineering. Arhivat din original la 20 octombrie 2007. Accesat în 22 august 2008.

gtk.fi (Global: low place; Romanian: low place)

tupa.gtk.fi

„Archived copy” (PDF). Arhivat din original (PDF) la 20 martie 2020. Accesat în 6 octombrie 2018.

handbookofmineralogy.org (Global: 5,269^th place; Romanian: low place)

Argyrodite—Ag
8GeS
6 (PDF) (Raport). Mineral Data Publishing. Accesat în 1 septembrie 2008.

lanl.gov (Global: 5,474^th place; Romanian: 2,198^th place)

periodic.lanl.gov

„Germanium”. Los Alamos National Laboratory. Arhivat din original la 22 iunie 2011. Accesat în 28 august 2008.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; Romanian: 6^th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Lévy, F.; Sheikin, I.; Grenier, B.; Huxley, A. (august 2005). „Magnetic field-induced superconductivity in the ferromagnet URhGe”. Science. 309 (5739): 1343–1346. Bibcode:2005Sci...309.1343L. doi:10.1126/science.1115498. PMID 16123293.
Beattie, I.R.; Jones, P.J.; Reid, G.; Webster, M. (1998). „The Crystal Structure and Raman Spectrum of Ge₅Cl₁₂·GeCl₄ and the Vibrational Spectrum of Ge₂Cl₆”. Inorg. Chem. 37 (23): 6032–6034. doi:10.1021/ic9807341. PMID 11670739.
Cowan, John (1 mai 2003). „Astronomy: Elements of surprise”. Nature. 423 (29): 29. Bibcode:2003Natur.423...29C. doi:10.1038/423029a. PMID 12721614.
Gerber, G. B.; Léonard, A. (1997). „Mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and teratogenicity of germanium compounds”. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 387 (3): 141–146. doi:10.1016/S1383-5742(97)00034-3. PMID 9439710.

nobelprize.org (Global: 265^th place; Romanian: 178^th place)

Westgren, A. (1964). „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951: presentation speech”. Nobel Lectures, Chemistry 1942–1962. Elsevier.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; Romanian: 24^th place)

select.nytimes.com

W. K. (10 mai 1953). „Germanium for Electronic Devices”. The New York Times. Arhivat din original la 13 iunie 2013. Accesat în 22 august 2008.

osti.gov (Global: 2,098^th place; Romanian: 2,132^nd place)

Haller, E. E. (14 iunie 2006). „Germanium: From Its Discovery to SiGe Devices” (PDF). Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley. Arhivat din original (PDF) la 10 iulie 2019. Accesat în 22 august 2008.

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; Romanian: 168^th place)

Frenzel, Max (2016). „The distribution of gallium, germanium and indium in conventional and non-conventional resources – Implications for global availability (PDF Download Available)”. ResearchGate. Unpublished. doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.20956.18564. Arhivat din original la 6 octombrie 2018. Accesat în 10 iunie 2017.
Roberts, Andrew C.; et al. (decembrie 2004). „Eyselite, Fe3+Ge34+O7(OH), a new mineral species from Tsumeb, Namibia”. The Canadian Mineralogist. 42 (6): 1771–1776. doi:10.2113/gscanmin.42.6.1771.

rsc.org (Global: 2,104^th place; Romanian: 2,111^th place)

Broadwith, Phillip (25 martie 2012). „Germanium-oxygen double bond takes centre stage”. Chemistry World. Arhivat din original la 17 mai 2014. Accesat în 15 mai 2014.

uiuc.edu (Global: 4,225^th place; Romanian: 2,020^th place)

scs.uiuc.edu

Kaji, Masanori (2002). „D. I. Mendeleev's concept of chemical elements and The Principles of Chemistry” (PDF). Bulletin for the History of Chemistry. 27 (1): 4–16. Accesat în 20 august 2008.

uni-goettingen.de (Global: 2,423^rd place; Romanian: 2,926^th place)

resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de

Goldschmidt, V. M. (1930). „Ueber das Vorkommen des Germaniums in Steinkohlen und Steinkohlenprodukten”. Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse: 141–167. Arhivat din original la 3 martie 2018. Accesat în 25 august 2008.
Goldschmidt, V. M.; Peters, Cl. (1933). „Zur Geochemie des Germaniums”. Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse: 141–167. Arhivat din original la 1 decembrie 2008. Accesat în 25 august 2008.

usgs.gov (Global: 119^th place; Romanian: 256^th place)

minerals.usgs.gov

U.S. Geological Survey (2008). „Germanium – Statistics and Information”. U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries. Arhivat din original la 16 septembrie 2008. Accesat în 28 august 2008. Select 2008

vanderkrogt.net (Global: 8,803^rd place; Romanian: 2,404^th place)

elements.vanderkrogt.net

van der Krogt, Peter. „Elementymology & Elements Multidict: Niobium”. Accesat în 20 august 2008.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Romanian: 1^st place)

Winkler, Clemens (1887). „Germanium, Ge, a New Nonmetal Element”. Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft (în German). 19 (1): 210–211. doi:10.1002/cber.18860190156. Arhivat din original la 7 decembrie 2008. Accesat în 30 decembrie 2016.
Haller, E. E. (14 iunie 2006). „Germanium: From Its Discovery to SiGe Devices” (PDF). Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley. Arhivat din original (PDF) la 10 iulie 2019. Accesat în 22 august 2008.
W. K. (10 mai 1953). „Germanium for Electronic Devices”. The New York Times. Arhivat din original la 13 iunie 2013. Accesat în 22 august 2008.
„1941 – Semiconductor diode rectifiers serve in WW II”. Computer History Museum. Arhivat din original la 24 septembrie 2008. Accesat în 22 august 2008.
„SiGe History”. University of Cambridge. Arhivat din original la 5 august 2008. Accesat în 22 august 2008.
Halford, Bethany (2003). „Germanium”. Chemical & Engineering News. American Chemical Society. Arhivat din original la 13 mai 2008. Accesat în 22 august 2008.
„Electronics History 4 – Transistors”. National Academy of Engineering. Arhivat din original la 20 octombrie 2007. Accesat în 22 august 2008.
U.S. Geological Survey (2008). „Germanium – Statistics and Information”. U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries. Arhivat din original la 16 septembrie 2008. Accesat în 28 august 2008. Select 2008
Perreault, Bruce A. "Alpha Fusion Electrical Energy Valve", US Patent 7800286, issued September 21, 2010. PDF copy la Wayback Machine (archived 12 octombrie 2007)
„Germanium”. Los Alamos National Laboratory. Arhivat din original la 22 iunie 2011. Accesat în 28 august 2008.
Broadwith, Phillip (25 martie 2012). „Germanium-oxygen double bond takes centre stage”. Chemistry World. Arhivat din original la 17 mai 2014. Accesat în 15 mai 2014.
Frenzel, Max (2016). „The distribution of gallium, germanium and indium in conventional and non-conventional resources – Implications for global availability (PDF Download Available)”. ResearchGate. Unpublished. doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.20956.18564. Arhivat din original la 6 octombrie 2018. Accesat în 10 iunie 2017.
„Archived copy” (PDF). Arhivat din original (PDF) la 6 octombrie 2018. Accesat în 6 octombrie 2018.
„Archived copy” (PDF). Arhivat din original (PDF) la 20 martie 2020. Accesat în 6 octombrie 2018.
Goldschmidt, V. M. (1930). „Ueber das Vorkommen des Germaniums in Steinkohlen und Steinkohlenprodukten”. Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse: 141–167. Arhivat din original la 3 martie 2018. Accesat în 25 august 2008.
Goldschmidt, V. M.; Peters, Cl. (1933). „Zur Geochemie des Germaniums”. Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse: 141–167. Arhivat din original la 1 decembrie 2008. Accesat în 25 august 2008.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; Romanian: 9^th place)

Sears, Robert (iulie 1877). „Scientific Miscellany”. The Galaxy. Columbus, O[hio]: Siebert & Lilley. 24 (1): 131. ISBN 0-665-50166-8. OCLC 16890343.
Agnese, R.; Aralis, T.; Aramaki, T.; Arnquist, I. J.; Azadbakht, E.; Baker, W.; Banik, S.; Barker, D.; Bauer, D. A. (27 august 2018). „Energy loss due to defect formation from 206Pb recoils in SuperCDMS germanium detectors”. Applied Physics Letters. 113 (9): 092101. arXiv:1805.09942 . Bibcode:2018ApPhL.113i2101A. doi:10.1063/1.5041457. ISSN 0003-6951.
Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E.; Wiberg, N. (2007). Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie (ed. 102nd). de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1. OCLC 145623740.

Germaniu (Romanian Wikipedia)

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acs.org (Global: 865^th place; Romanian: 917^th place)

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archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Romanian: 19^th place)

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bnf.fr (Global: 61^st place; Romanian: 16^th place)

cam.ac.uk (Global: 569^th place; Romanian: 1,109^th place)

computerhistory.org (Global: 2,702^nd place; Romanian: 2,611^th place)

cornell.edu (Global: 308^th place; Romanian: 609^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Romanian: 3^rd place)

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handbookofmineralogy.org (Global: 5,269^th place; Romanian: low place)

lanl.gov (Global: 5,474^th place; Romanian: 2,198^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; Romanian: 6^th place)

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osti.gov (Global: 2,098^th place; Romanian: 2,132^nd place)

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