Halloween (Romanian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Halloween" in Romanian language version.

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  • „Bishop Challenges Supermarkets to Lighten up Halloween”. The Church of England. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în . Creștinismul trebuie să-și clarifice mesajul pozitiv pentru tineri. Este momentul să revendicăm aspectele creștine ale Halloweenului", spune episcopul, explicând fundalul scrisorii sale.

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  • Merriam-Webster's Encyclopædia of World ReligionsNecesită înregistrare gratuită. Merriam-Webster. 1999. p. 408. ISBN 978-0-87779-044-0. Accesat în 31 octombrie 2011. Halloween, also called All Hallows' Eve, holy or hallowed evening observed on October 31, the eve of All Saints' Day. The Irish pre-Christian observances influenced the Christian festival of All Hallows' Eve, celebrated on the same date. Verificați datele pentru: |access-date= (ajutor)
  • Skog, Jason (). Teens in Finland. Capstone. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-7565-3405-9. Most funerals are Lutheran, and nearly 98 percent of all funerals take place in a church. It is customary to take pictures of funerals or even videotape them. To Finns, death is a part of the cycle of life, and a funeral is another special occasion worth remembering. In fact, during All Hallow's Eve and Christmas Eve, cemeteries are known as valomeri, or seas of light. Finns visit cemeteries and light candles in remembrance of the deceased.
  • Hynes, Mary Ellen (). Companion to the Calendar. Liturgy Training Publications. p. 160. ISBN 978-1-56854-011-5. In most of Europe, Halloween is strictly a religious event. Sometimes in North America the church's traditions are lost or confused.
  • Braden, Donna R.; Village, Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield (). Leisure and entertainment in AmericaNecesită înregistrare gratuită. Henry Ford Museum & Greenfield Village. ISBN 978-0-933728-32-5. Accesat în . Halloween, a holiday with religious origins but increasingly secularized as celebrated in America, came to assume major proportions as a children's festivity.
  • Luck, Steve (). „All Saints' Day”. The American Desk Encyclopedia (în engleză). Oxford University Press. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-19-521465-9.
  • Thomson, Thomas; Annandale, Charles (). A History of the Scottish People from the Earliest Times: From the Union of the kingdoms, 1706, to the present time. Blackie. Accesat în . Of the stated rustic festivals peculiar to Scotland the most important was Hallowe'en, a contraction for All-hallow Evening, or the evening of All-Saints Day, the annual return of which was a season for joy and festivity.
  • Benham, William (). The Dictionary of Religion: An Encyclopedia of Christian and Other Religious Doctrines, Denominations, Sects, Heresies, Ecclesiastical Terms, History, Biography, Etc (în English). Cassell. p. 1085. Vigils were kept at least till midnight before the feasts of martyrs, and those of Easter Eve and Christmas Eve were prolonged till cock-crow.
  • Rogers, Nicholas (). Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party NightAcces gratuit pentru testarea serviciului, necesită altfel abonament. Oxford University Press. pp. 28–30. ISBN 978-0-19-514691-2.
  • Levene, Alysa (). Cake: A Slice of History (în engleză). Pegasus Books. p. 44. ISBN 978-1-68177-108-3. Like the perennial favourites, hot cross buns; they were often marked with a cross to indicate that they were baked as alms.
  • Guiley, Rosemary (). The Encyclopedia of Witches, Witchcraft and Wicca (în English). Infobase Publishing. p. 183. ISBN 978-1-4381-2684-5. According to most legends, the jack-o'-lantern is a wandering soul who has been denied entry into both heaven and hell. ... In Ireland, children who are caught outdoors after dark are told to wear their jackets inside-out in order not to be lured astray by a jack-o'-lantern. In Sweden, the spirit is believed to be the soul of an unbaptized child, who tries to lead travelers to water in hopes of receiving baptism. ... In American lore, the jack-o'-lantern is associated with withces and the Halloween custom of trick-or-treating. It is customary for trick-or-treaters to carry pumpkin jack-o'-lanterns to frighten away evil spirits.
  • Bannatyne, Lesley (). Halloween: An American Holiday, an American History (în engleză). Pelican Publishing Company. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-4556-0553-8. Villagers were also encouraged to masquerade on this day, not to frighten unwelcome spirits, but to honor Christian saints. On All Saints' Day, churches throughout Europe and the British Isles displayed relics of their patron saints. Poor churches could not afford genuine relics and instead had processions in which parishioners dressed as saints, angels and devils. It served the new church by giving an acceptable Christian basis to the custom of dressing up on Halloween.
  • Morrow, Ed (). The Halloween Handbook (în engleză). Kensington Publishing Corporation. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-8065-2227-2. Another contributor to the custom of dressing up at Halloween was the old Irish practice of marking All Hallows' Day with religious pageants that recounted biblical events. These were common during the Middle Ages all across Europe. The featured players dressed as saints and angels, but there were also plenty of roles for demons who had more fun, capering, acting devilish, and playing to the crows. The pageant began inside the church, then moved by procession to the churchyard, where it continued long into the night.
  • DeSpelder, Lynne Ann; Strickland, Albert Lee (). The Last Dance: Encountering Death and Dying (în English). McGraw-Hill Education. p. 107. ISBN 978-0-07-340546-9. More subtly, images associated with the danse macabre persist in the form of skeletons and other scary regalia found on children's Halloween costumes.
  • Hutton, Ronald (). Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain (în engleză). Oxford University Press. pp. 369, 373. ISBN 978-0-19-157842-7. Fires were indeed lit in England on All Saints' Day, notably in Lancashire, and may well ultimately have descended from the same rites, but were essentially party of a Christian ceremony ... families still assembled at the midnight before All Saints' Day in the early nineteenth century. Each did so on a hill near its homestead, one person holding a large bunch of burning straw on the end of a fork. The rest in a circle around and prayed for the souls of relatives and friends until the flames burned out. The author who recorded this custom added that it gradually died out in the latter part of the century, but that before it had been very common and at nearby Whittingham such fires could be seen all around the horizon at Hallowe'en. He went on to say that the name 'Purgatory Field', found across northern Lancashire, testified to an even wider distribution and that the rite itself was called 'Teen'lay'.
  • Carter, Albert Howard; Petro, Jane Arbuckle (). Rising from the Flames: The Experience of the Severely Burned (în engleză). University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-8122-1517-5. Halloween, incorporated into the Christian year as the eve of All Saints Day, marked the return of the souls of the departed and the release of devils who could move freely on that night. Fires lit on that night served to prevent the influence of such spirits and to provide omens for the future. Modern children go from house to house at Halloween with flashlights powered by electric batteries, while jack o'lanterns (perhaps with an actual candle, but often with a lightbulb) glow from windows and porches.
  • Morton, Lisa (). The Halloween Encyclopedia. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-1524-3.
  • Thomas Crawford Burns: a study of the poems and songs Crawford, Thomas (). Burns: A Study of the Poems and Songs. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-0055-9. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în . Stanford University Press, 1960
  • Herberholz, Donald; Herberholz, Barbara (). Artworks for Elementary Teachers: Developing Artistic and Perceptual Awareness. W.C. Brown. p. 16.
  • Carmichael, Sherman (). Legends and Lore of South Carolina. The History Press. p. 70. ISBN 978-1-60949-748-4. The practice of dressing up and going door to door for treats dates back to the middle ages and the practice of souling.
  • Diehl, Daniel; Donnelly, Mark P. (). Medieval Celebrations: Your Guide to Planning and Hosting Spectacular Feasts, Parties, Weddings, and Renaissance Fairs (în engleză). Stackpole Books. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-8117-4430-0. All Hallows' Eve. A time of spiritual unrest, when the souls of the dead, along with ghosts and evil spirits, were believed to walk the land. Church bells were run and fires lit to guide these souls on their way and deflect them from haunting honest Christian folk. Barns and homes were blessed to protect people and livestock from the effects of witches, who were believed to accompany the malignant spirits as they traveld the earth. Although a rare few continued to divine the future, cast spells, and tell ghost stories in rural communities, woe to anyone who was denounced to the church for engaging in such activities. These may seem like innocent fun today, but it was deadly serious stuff during the Middle Ages.
  • Morton, Lisa (). Trick or Treat: A History of Halloween (paperback). United Kingdom: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-78023-047-4.
  • Woods, Robert (). Evangelical Christians and Popular Culture. ABC-CLIO. p. 239. ISBN 978-0-313-38654-1. Evangheliștii au găsit oportunități atât cu Crăciunul cât și cu Paștele să folosească bomboane creștine pentru a re-injecta religia în aceste sărbători tradițional creștine și a le revendica cu îndrăzneală ca proprii. Au început din ce în ce mai mult să folosească Halloween, cea mai bombonată sărbătoare, ca o oportunitate pentru evanghelizare. Conținute în pachete mici care prezintă versete din Biblie, "Semințele Recoltelor" ale Scripture Candy – bomboane de porumb în totul, cu excepția numelui – sunt printre multele bomboane create în acest scop.
  • Portaro, Sam (). A Companion to the Lesser Feasts and Fasts. Cowley Publications. p. 199. ISBN 978-1-4616-6051-4. Ziua Tuturor Sfinților este piesa centrală a unui triduum de toamnă. În carnavalurile din Ajunul Tuturor Sfinților, strămoșii noștri au folosit cea mai puternică armă din arsenalul uman, puterea umorului și a ridiculului pentru a confrunta puterea morții. În ziua următoare, în comemorarea Tuturor Sfinților, am dat mărturie victoriei binelui întrupat întruchipat în fapte și făptuitori remarcabile, triumfând asupra misantropiei întunericului și a diavolilor. Și în comemorarea Tuturor Sufletelor am proclamat speranța mortalității comune exprimate în aspirațiile și așteptările noastre de o eternitate împărtășită.

archive.today (Global: 28th place; Romanian: 82nd place)

  • Andrew James Harvey (). 'All Hallows' Eve'. The Patriot Post. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în . "Vigilia sfinților" se referă la serviciul de rugăciune de seara dinaintea sărbătorii Tuturor Sfinților sau a Zilei Sfinților. Sau "Halloween" pe scurt – un punct fix pe calendarul liturgic al creștinătății occidentale din secolul al șaptelea.

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  • „All Hallows' Eve” (în engleză). British Broadcasting Corporation. . Arhivat din original la . Accesat în . However, there are supporters of the view that Hallowe'en, as the eve of All Saints' Day, originated entirely independently of Samhain and some question the existence of a specific pan-Celtic religious festival which took place on 31st October/1st November.
  • All Hallows' Eve Arhivat în , la Wayback Machine. BBC. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
  • „BBC – Religions – Christianity: All Hallows' Eve”. British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). . Arhivat din original la . Accesat în . Ajunul Tuturor Sfinților cade în 31 octombrie în fiecare an și este ziua dinaintea Zilei Tuturor Sfinților, cunoscută și ca Ziua Tuturor Sfinților în calendarul creștin. Biserica ținea în mod tradițional o vigilie în Ajunul Tuturor Sfinților, când adoratorii se pregăteau cu rugăciuni și post înainte de ziua sărbătorii în sine.
  • „BBC – Religions – Christianity: All Hallows' Eve”. British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). . Arhivat din original la . Accesat în . Se crede pe scară largă că multe tradiții de Halloween au evoluat dintr-un festival celtic antic numit Samhain, care a fost creștinizat de Biserica timpurie.... Ajunul Tuturor Sfinților cade în 31 octombrie în fiecare an și este ziua dinaintea Zilei Tuturor Sfinților, cunoscută și ca Ziua Tuturor Sfinților în calendarul creștin. Biserica ținea în mod tradițional o vigilie în Ajunul Tuturor Sfinților, când adoratorii se pregăteau cu rugăciuni și post înainte de ziua sărbătorii în sine. Numele derivă din engleza veche 'hallowed' însemnând sfânt sau sfințit și este acum de obicei contractat la cuvântul mai familiar Hallowe'en. ...Cu toate acestea, există susținători ai punctului de vedere că Halloween, ca ajunul Zilei Tuturor Sfinților, a originat complet independent de Samhain ...

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  • „Halloween”. Encyclopædia Britannica. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în .

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  • „Vigil of All Saints”. Catholic News Agency. . Arhivat din original la . Accesat în . Vigilia se bazează pe oficiul monastic al Vigiliilor (sau al Matinsului), când călugării se trezeau în mijlocul nopții pentru a se ruga. În zilele de sărbătoare majoră, aveau un serviciu extins de lecturi (scripturale, patristice și din viețile sfinților) în plus față de cântarea psalmilor. Toate acestea se făceau în întuneric, desigur, și era o oportunitate de a asculta cu atenție Cuvântul lui Dumnezeu, precum și cuvintele Părinților Bisericii și ale marilor sfinți. Vigilia Tuturor Sfinților este o adaptare a acestei practici antice, folosind oficiul canonic al Complinei la sfârșit.

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  • „Clay”. www.cliffsnotes.com. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în .

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  • „Definition of "guising". Collins English Dictionary. (in Scotland and N England) the practice or custom of disguising oneself in fancy dress, often with a mask, and visiting people's houses, esp at Halloween

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  • Numele provine dintr-o legendă. Irlandezul Jack a păcălit Diavolul să se urce într-un măr. Pentru a-l împiedica să se răzbune și să-i ia astfel sufletul, a desenat pe trunchiul copacului semnul crucii. Diavolul, înfuriat, pentru a se răzbuna l-a blestemat pe bătrânul Jack să cutreiere pentru totdeauna pământul, fără să poată intra vreodată în iad sau în rai. Singurul lucru pe care i l-a îngăduit diavolul a fost să poarte cu el un felinar care să-i lumineze calea.
    Referințe:
    Tradiții Arhivat în , la Wayback Machine.. desarbatori.ro. Accesat la 4 noiembrie 2011.
    Povestea lui Jack O’Lanterns. halloween-history.uv.ro. Accesat la 4 noiembrie 2011.

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  • „All Hallows Eve Service” (PDF). Duke University. . Arhivat din original (PDF) la . Accesat în . About All Hallows Eve: Tonight is the eve of All Saints Day, the festival in the Church that recalls the faith and witness of the men and women who have come before us. The service celebrates our continuing communion with them, and memorializes the recently deceased. The early church followed the Jewish custom that a new day began at sundown; thus, feasts and festivals in the church were observed beginning the night before.

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  • Allen, Travis (). „Christians and Halloween”. Church Publishing, Inc. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în . Alți creștini vor opta pentru alternative la Halloween numite 'Festivaluri ale Recoltelor', 'Noapte Hallelujah' sau 'Festivaluri ale Reformei' – copiii se deghizează ca fermieri, personaje biblice sau eroi ai Reformei.

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  • „Ten trick-or-treating facts for impressive bonfire chats”. The Irish Times. . Arhivat din original la . Accesat în . Scotland and Ireland started tricking: A few decades later a practice called 'guising' was in full swing in Scotland and Ireland. Short for 'disguising', children would go out from door to door dressed in costume and rather than pledging to pray, they would tell a joke, sing a song or perform another sort of "trick" in exchange for food or money. The expression trick or treat has only been used at front doors for the last 10 to 15 years. Before that "Help the Halloween Party" seems to have been the most popular phrase to holler.

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  • „Night of Light Beginnings”. Cor et Lumen Christi Community. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în . În primul său an – 2000 d.Hr. – peste 1000 de oameni au participat din mai multe țări. Aceasta a inclus slujbe speciale de Vigilie a Tuturor Sfinților, perioade prelungite de Adorație a Preasfintei Taine și petreceri pentru copii. În al doilea an, 10.000 au participat. Începând cu aceste începuturi modeste, Noaptea Luminii a fost adoptată în multe țări din întreaga lume, cu un număr mare de participanți în fiecare an, de la o Catedrală din India la o mănăstire din Noua Zeelandă; de la Biserici din SUA și Europa până în Africa; în școli, biserici, case și săli parohiale, persoane de toate vârstele s-au implicat. Deși a început în Biserica Catolică, a fost preluată de alți creștini care, păstrând elementele esențiale, au adaptat-o pentru a se potrivi propriilor tradiții.

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  • "All Hallows' Eve". Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 2nd ed. 1989.
  • "Halloween". Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 2nd ed. 1989.

patriotpost.us (Global: low place; Romanian: low place)

  • Andrew James Harvey (). 'All Hallows' Eve'. The Patriot Post. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în . "Vigilia sfinților" se referă la serviciul de rugăciune de seara dinaintea sărbătorii Tuturor Sfinților sau a Zilei Sfinților. Sau "Halloween" pe scurt – un punct fix pe calendarul liturgic al creștinătății occidentale din secolul al șaptelea.

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  • Mayne, John. „Halloween”. PoetryExplorer. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în .

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  • Moser, Stefan (). „Kein 'Trick or Treat' bei Salzburgs Kelten” (în germană). Salzburger Nachrichten. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în . Die Kelten haben gar nichts mit Halloween zu tun", entkräftet Stefan Moser, Direktor des Keltenmuseums Hallein, einen weit verbreiteten Mythos. Moser sieht die Ursprünge von Halloween insgesamt in einem christlichen Brauch, nicht in einem keltischen. Döring, Alois; Bolinius, Erich (), Samhain – Halloween – Allerheiligen (în germană), FDP Emden, Die lückenhaften religionsgeschichtlichen Überlieferungen, die auf die Neuzeit begrenzte historische Dimension der Halloween-Kultausprägung, vor allem auch die Halloween-Metaphorik legen nahe, daß wir umdenken müssen: Halloween geht nicht auf das heidnische Samhain zurück, sondern steht in Bezug zum christlichen Totengedenkfest Allerheiligen/ Allerseelen. Hörandner, Editha (). Halloween in der Steiermark und anderswo (în germană). LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 8, 12, 30. ISBN 978-3-8258-8889-3. Der Wunsch nach einer Tradition, deren Anfänge sich in grauer Vorzeit verlieren, ist bei Dachleuten wie laien gleichmäßig verbreitet. ... Abgesehen von Irrtümern wie die Herleitung des Fests in ungebrochener Tradition ("seit 2000 Jahren") ist eine mangelnde vertrautheit mit der heimischen Folklore festzustellen. Allerheiligen war lange vor der Halloween invasion ein wichtiger Brauchtermin und ist das ncoh heute. ... So wie viele heimische Bräuche generell als fruchtbarkeitsbringend und dämonenaustreibend interpretiert werden, was trottz aller Aufklärungsarbeit nicht auszurotten ist, begegnet uns Halloween als ...heidnisches Fest. Aber es wird nicht als solches inszeniert. Döring, Volkskundler Alois (). „Süßes, Saures – olle Kamellen? Ist Halloween schon wieder out?” (în germană). Westdeutscher Rundfunk. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în . Dr. Alois Döring ist wissenschaftlicher Referent für Volkskunde beim LVR-Institut für Landeskunde und Regionalgeschichte Bonn. Er schrieb zahlreiche Bücher über Bräuche im Rheinland, darunter das Nachschlagewerk "Rheinische Bräuche durch das Jahr". Darin widerspricht Döring der These, Halloween sei ursprünglich ein keltisch-heidnisches Totenfest. Vielmehr stamme Halloween von den britischen Inseln, der Begriff leite sich ab von "All Hallows eve", Abend vor Allerheiligen. Irische Einwanderer hätten das Fest nach Amerika gebracht, so Döring, von wo aus es als "amerikanischer" Brauch nach Europa zurückkehrte.

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  • Mader, Isabel (). „Halloween Colcannon”. Simmer Magazine. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în . Ajunul Tuturor Sfinților a fost o sărbătoare creștină occidentală (anglo-) care a gravitat în jurul comemorării morților folosind umorul pentru a intimida moartea în sine. Ca toate sărbătorile, Ajunul Tuturor Sfinților implica tratamente tradiționale. Biserica încuraja abstinența de la carne, ceea ce a creat multe feluri de mâncare vegetariene.

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  • „Here's to the Soulcakers going about their mysterious mummery”. The Telegraph. . Arhivat din original la . Accesat în . Una care a crescut în ultimul deceniu este așa-numita Noapte a Luminii, în Ajunul Tuturor Sfinților, 31 octombrie. A fost inventată în 2000, în Chertsey, Surrey, când probabil 1.000 de oameni au luat parte. Acum este o mișcare la nivel mondial, populară în Africa și Statele Unite. Inima Nopții Luminii este o vigilie de rugăciune de-a lungul nopții, dar există loc și pentru distracția copiilor: dulciuri, poate un foc de tabără și deghizări ca Sf. Gheorghe sau Sf. Lucia. Gestul minim este să puneți o lumânare aprinsă la fereastră, ceea ce în sine este prea interesant pentru unii susținători ai sănătății și siguranței. Inventatorul Nopții Luminii este Damian Stayne, fondatorul unei comunități religioase de-a lungul anului numită Cor et Lumen Christi – inima și lumina lui Hristos. Această mișcare nouă este catolică, ortodoxă și carismatică – accentuând lucrarea Duhului Sfânt. line feed character în |quote= la poziția 282 (ajutor)

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  • Suarez, Essdras (). „Some Christians use 'Hell Houses' to reach out on Halloween”. USA Today. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în . În timp ce unii creștini nu sunt siguri ce să facă cu Halloweenul – nesiguri dacă să adopte sau să ignore toate spiridușii și grozăviile – unele biserici evanghelice folosesc 31 octombrie ca o zi pentru a evangheliza. ...Unii folosesc colindatul ca o oportunitate evanghelistică, dând tracte biblice cu bomboane.

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  • Hughes, Rebekkah (). „Happy Hallowe'en Surrey!” (PDF). The Stag. University of Surrey. p. 1. Arhivat din original (PDF) la . Accesat în . Halloween or Hallowe'en, is the yearly celebration on October 31st that signifies the first day of Allhallowtide, being the time to remember the dead, including martyrs, saints and all faithful departed Christians.

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halloween-history.uv.ro

  • Numele provine dintr-o legendă. Irlandezul Jack a păcălit Diavolul să se urce într-un măr. Pentru a-l împiedica să se răzbune și să-i ia astfel sufletul, a desenat pe trunchiul copacului semnul crucii. Diavolul, înfuriat, pentru a se răzbuna l-a blestemat pe bătrânul Jack să cutreiere pentru totdeauna pământul, fără să poată intra vreodată în iad sau în rai. Singurul lucru pe care i l-a îngăduit diavolul a fost să poarte cu el un felinar care să-i lumineze calea.
    Referințe:
    Tradiții Arhivat în , la Wayback Machine.. desarbatori.ro. Accesat la 4 noiembrie 2011.
    Povestea lui Jack O’Lanterns. halloween-history.uv.ro. Accesat la 4 noiembrie 2011.

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  • Lauren Stengele (), Halloween in India?, Vision Nationals, arhivat din original la , accesat în

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  • Barr, Beth Allison (). „Guess what? Halloween is more Christian than Pagan”. The Washington Post (în engleză). Arhivat din originalNecesită abonament cu plată la . Accesat în . It is the medieval Christian festivals of All Saints' and All Souls' that provide our firmest foundation for Halloween. From emphasizing dead souls (both good and evil), to decorating skeletons, lighting candles for processions, building bonfires to ward off evil spirits, organizing community feasts, and even encouraging carnival practices like costumes, the medieval and early modern traditions of "Hallowtide" fit well with our modern holiday. So what does this all mean? It means that when we celebrate Halloween, we are definitely participating in a tradition with deep historical roots. But, while those roots are firmly situated in the medieval Christian past, their historical connection to "paganism" is rather more tenuous.
  • Lum, Kathryn Gin (). „These evangelical haunted houses are designed to show sinners that they're going to hell”. The Washington Post. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în .
  • „8 Killed by Smoky Fire in Park's 'Haunted Castle'. The Washington Post. . Arhivat din original la .

wdr.de (Global: 1,700th place; Romanian: 2,305th place)

  • Moser, Stefan (). „Kein 'Trick or Treat' bei Salzburgs Kelten” (în germană). Salzburger Nachrichten. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în . Die Kelten haben gar nichts mit Halloween zu tun", entkräftet Stefan Moser, Direktor des Keltenmuseums Hallein, einen weit verbreiteten Mythos. Moser sieht die Ursprünge von Halloween insgesamt in einem christlichen Brauch, nicht in einem keltischen. Döring, Alois; Bolinius, Erich (), Samhain – Halloween – Allerheiligen (în germană), FDP Emden, Die lückenhaften religionsgeschichtlichen Überlieferungen, die auf die Neuzeit begrenzte historische Dimension der Halloween-Kultausprägung, vor allem auch die Halloween-Metaphorik legen nahe, daß wir umdenken müssen: Halloween geht nicht auf das heidnische Samhain zurück, sondern steht in Bezug zum christlichen Totengedenkfest Allerheiligen/ Allerseelen. Hörandner, Editha (). Halloween in der Steiermark und anderswo (în germană). LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 8, 12, 30. ISBN 978-3-8258-8889-3. Der Wunsch nach einer Tradition, deren Anfänge sich in grauer Vorzeit verlieren, ist bei Dachleuten wie laien gleichmäßig verbreitet. ... Abgesehen von Irrtümern wie die Herleitung des Fests in ungebrochener Tradition ("seit 2000 Jahren") ist eine mangelnde vertrautheit mit der heimischen Folklore festzustellen. Allerheiligen war lange vor der Halloween invasion ein wichtiger Brauchtermin und ist das ncoh heute. ... So wie viele heimische Bräuche generell als fruchtbarkeitsbringend und dämonenaustreibend interpretiert werden, was trottz aller Aufklärungsarbeit nicht auszurotten ist, begegnet uns Halloween als ...heidnisches Fest. Aber es wird nicht als solches inszeniert. Döring, Volkskundler Alois (). „Süßes, Saures – olle Kamellen? Ist Halloween schon wieder out?” (în germană). Westdeutscher Rundfunk. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în . Dr. Alois Döring ist wissenschaftlicher Referent für Volkskunde beim LVR-Institut für Landeskunde und Regionalgeschichte Bonn. Er schrieb zahlreiche Bücher über Bräuche im Rheinland, darunter das Nachschlagewerk "Rheinische Bräuche durch das Jahr". Darin widerspricht Döring der These, Halloween sei ursprünglich ein keltisch-heidnisches Totenfest. Vielmehr stamme Halloween von den britischen Inseln, der Begriff leite sich ab von "All Hallows eve", Abend vor Allerheiligen. Irische Einwanderer hätten das Fest nach Amerika gebracht, so Döring, von wo aus es als "amerikanischer" Brauch nach Europa zurückkehrte.

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  • Hollister, Helen (). „Halloween Frolics”. Parlor Games for the Wise and Otherwise. Philadelphia: Penn Publishing Company. p. 98. Arhivat din original la .

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