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Homo (Romanian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Homo" in Romanian language version.

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63doi.org
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48nih.gov
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33harvard.edu
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18worldcat.org
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6nature.com
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4biodiversitylibrary.org
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3plosone.org
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2archaeology.org
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1sciencemag.org
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1theconversation.com
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archaeology.org

archive.archaeology.org

  • Schuster, Angela M. H. (). „Earliest Remains of Genus Homo”. Archaeology. 50 (1). Accesat în .  The line to the earliest members of Homo were derived from Australopithecus, a genus which had separated from the Chimpanzee–human last common ancestor by late Miocene or early Pliocene times.
  • Schuster, Angela M.H. (). „Earliest Remains of Genus Homo”. Archaeology. 50 (1). Accesat în .  The line to the earliest members of Homo were derived from Australopithecus, a genus which had separated from the Chimpanzee–human last common ancestor by late Miocene or early Pliocene times.

bartleby.com

  • The word "human" itself is from Latin humanus, an adjective formed on the root of homo, thought to derive from a Proto-Indo-European word for "earth" reconstructed as *dhǵhem-. dhghem The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000.

biodiversitylibrary.org

  • Linné, Carl von (). Systema naturæ. Regnum animale (ed. 10). Sumptibus Guilielmi Engelmann. pp. 18, 20. Accesat în . . Note: In 1959, Linnaeus was designated as the lectotype for Homo sapiens (Stearn, W. T. 1959. "The background of Linnaeus's contributions to the nomenclature and methods of systematic biology", Systematic Zoology 8 (1): 4-22, p. 4) which means that following the nomenclatural rules, Homo sapiens was validly defined as the animal species to which Linnaeus belonged.
  • "early man", Protanthropus primigenius Ernst Haeckel, Systematische Phylogenie vol. 3 (1895), p. 625
  • "African man", used by T.F. Dreyer (1935) for the Florisbad Skull he found in 1932 (also Homo florisbadensis or Homo helmei). Also the genus suggested for a number of archaic human skulls found at Lake Eyasi by Weinert (1938). Leaky, Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society' (1942), p. 43.
  • "remote man"; from Telanthropus capensis (Broom and Robinson 1949), see (1961), p. 487.

books.google.com

  • Prins, Harald E.L.; Walrath, Dana; McBride, Bunny (). Evolution and prehistory: the human challenge. Wadsworth Publishing. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-495-38190-7. .
  • Haviland, William A.; Walrath, Dana; Prins, Harald E.L.; McBride, Bunny (). Evolution and Prehistory: The Human Challenge (ed. 8th). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-495-38190-7. H. erectus may have appeared some 2 million years ago. Fossils dated to as much as 1.8 million years ago have been found both in Africa and in Southeast Asia, and the oldest fossils by a narrow margin (1.85 to 1.77 million years ago) were found in the Caucasus, so that it is unclear whether H. erectus emerged in Africa and migrated to Eurasia, or if, conversely, it evolved in Eurasia and migrated back to Africa.

calstate.edu

csueastbay-dspace.calstate.edu

doi.org

doi.org

dx.doi.org

  • The conventional estimate on the age of H. habilis is at roughly 2.1 to 2.3 million years. Stringer, C.B. (). „Evolution of early humans”. În Steve Jones, Robert Martin & David Pilbeam (eds.). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 242.  Friedemann Schrenk, Ottmar Kullmer, Timothy Bromage, "The Earliest Putative Homo Fossils", chapter 9 in: Winfried Henke, Ian Tattersall (eds.), Handbook of Paleoanthropology, 2007, pp 1611–1631, doi:10.1007/978-3-540-33761-4_52. Suggestions for pushing back the age to 2.8 Mya were made in 2015 based on the discovery of LD 350-1: Spoor, Fred; Gunz, Philipp; Neubauer, Simon; Stelzer, Stefanie; Scott, Nadia; Kwekason, Amandus; Dean, M. Christopher (). „Reconstructed Homo habilis type OH 7 suggests deep-rooted species diversity in early Homo”. Nature. 519 (7541): 83–86. Bibcode:2015Natur.519...83S. doi:10.1038/nature14224. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 25739632. .
  • H. erectus in the narrow sense (the Asian species) was extinct by 140,000 years ago, Homo erectus soloensis, found in Java, is considered the latest known survival of H. erectus. Formerly dated to as late as 50,000 to 40,000 years ago, a 2011 study pushed back the date of its extinction of H. e. soloensis to 143,000 years ago at the latest, more likely before 550,000 years ago. Indriati E, Swisher CC III, Lepre C, Quinn RL, Suriyanto RA, et al. 2011 The Age of the 20 Meter Solo River Terrace, Java, Indonesia and the Survival of Homo erectus in Asia.PLoS ONE 6(6): e21562. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021562.
  • The conventional estimate on the age of H. habilis is at roughly 2.1 to 2.3 million years. Stringer, C.B. (). „Evolution of early humans”. În Steve Jones; Robert Martin; David Pilbeam. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 242.  Friedemann Schrenk, Ottmar Kullmer, Timothy Bromage, "The Earliest Putative Homo Fossils", chapter 9 in: Winfried Henke, Ian Tattersall (eds.), Handbook of Paleoanthropology, 2007, pp. 1611–1631, doi:10.1007/978-3-540-33761-4_52. Suggestions for pushing back the age to 2.8 Mya were made in 2015 based on the discovery of a jawbone: Spoor, Fred; Gunz, Philipp; Neubauer, Simon; Stelzer, Stefanie; Scott, Nadia; Kwekason, Amandus; Dean, M. Christopher (). „Reconstructed Homo habilis type OH 7 suggests deep-rooted species diversity in early Homo”. Nature. 519 (7541): 83–86. Bibcode:2015Natur.519...83S. doi:10.1038/nature14224. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 25739632. .
  • H. erectus in the narrow sense (the Asian species) was extinct by 140,000 years ago, Homo erectus soloensis, found in Java, is considered the latest known survival of H. erectus. Formerly dated to as late as 50,000 to 40,000 years ago, a 2011 study pushed back the date of its extinction of H. e. soloensis to 143,000 years ago at the latest, more likely before 550,000 years ago. Indriati E, Swisher CC III, Lepre C, Quinn RL, Suriyanto RA, et al. 2011 The Age of the 20 Meter Solo River Terrace, Java, Indonesia and the Survival of Homo erectus in Asia.PLoS ONE 6(6): e21562. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021562.
  • Formerly dated to as late as 50,000 to 40,000 years ago, a 2011 study pushed back the date of its extinction of H. e. soloensis to 143,000 years ago at the latest, more likely before 550,000 years ago. Indriati E, Swisher CC III, Lepre C, Quinn RL, Suriyanto RA, et al. 2011 The Age of the 20 Meter Solo River Terrace, Java, Indonesia and the Survival of Homo erectus in Asia.PLoS ONE 6(6): e21562. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021562.

francoangeli.it

gwu.edu

haaretz.com

harvard.edu

adsabs.harvard.edu

himalayanlanguages.org

medium.com

mpg.de

pubman.mpdl.mpg.de

nationalgeographic.com

news.nationalgeographic.com

nature.com

newscientist.com

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nytimes.com

palomar.edu

anthro.palomar.edu

phys.org

plosone.org

  • H. erectus in the narrow sense (the Asian species) was extinct by 140,000 years ago, Homo erectus soloensis, found in Java, is considered the latest known survival of H. erectus. Formerly dated to as late as 50,000 to 40,000 years ago, a 2011 study pushed back the date of its extinction of H. e. soloensis to 143,000 years ago at the latest, more likely before 550,000 years ago. Indriati E, Swisher CC III, Lepre C, Quinn RL, Suriyanto RA, et al. 2011 The Age of the 20 Meter Solo River Terrace, Java, Indonesia and the Survival of Homo erectus in Asia.PLoS ONE 6(6): e21562. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021562.
  • H. erectus in the narrow sense (the Asian species) was extinct by 140,000 years ago, Homo erectus soloensis, found in Java, is considered the latest known survival of H. erectus. Formerly dated to as late as 50,000 to 40,000 years ago, a 2011 study pushed back the date of its extinction of H. e. soloensis to 143,000 years ago at the latest, more likely before 550,000 years ago. Indriati E, Swisher CC III, Lepre C, Quinn RL, Suriyanto RA, et al. 2011 The Age of the 20 Meter Solo River Terrace, Java, Indonesia and the Survival of Homo erectus in Asia.PLoS ONE 6(6): e21562. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021562.
  • Formerly dated to as late as 50,000 to 40,000 years ago, a 2011 study pushed back the date of its extinction of H. e. soloensis to 143,000 years ago at the latest, more likely before 550,000 years ago. Indriati E, Swisher CC III, Lepre C, Quinn RL, Suriyanto RA, et al. 2011 The Age of the 20 Meter Solo River Terrace, Java, Indonesia and the Survival of Homo erectus in Asia.PLoS ONE 6(6): e21562. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021562.

researchgate.net

royalsocietypublishing.org

rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org

  • " A fresh look at brain size, hand morphology and earliest technology suggests that a number of key Homo attributes may already be present in generalized species of Australopithecus, and that adaptive distinctions in Homo are simply amplifications or extensions of ancient hominin trends. [...] the adaptive shift represented by the ECV of Australopithecus is at least as significant as the one represented by the ECV of early Homo, and that a major ‘grade-level’ leap in brain size with the advent of H. erectus is probably illusory" William H. Kimbel, Brian Villmoare, "From Australopithecus to Homo: the transition that wasn't", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 13 June 2016, DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0248.

sciencemag.org

semanticscholar.org

pdfs.semanticscholar.org

  • "the adaptive coherence of Homo would be compromised if H. habilis is included in Homo. Thus, if these arguments are accepted the origins of the genus Homo are coincident in time and place with the emergence of H. erectus, not H. habilis" Bernard Wood, "Did early Homo migrate 'out of' or 'in to' Africa?", PNAS vol. 108, no.26 (28 June 2011), 10375–10376.

sun.ac.za

scholar.sun.ac.za

theconversation.com

thewildernist.org

umd.edu

geol.umd.edu

web.archive.org

worldcat.org

  • The conventional estimate on the age of H. habilis is at roughly 2.1 to 2.3 million years. Stringer, C.B. (). „Evolution of early humans”. În Steve Jones, Robert Martin & David Pilbeam (eds.). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 242.  Friedemann Schrenk, Ottmar Kullmer, Timothy Bromage, "The Earliest Putative Homo Fossils", chapter 9 in: Winfried Henke, Ian Tattersall (eds.), Handbook of Paleoanthropology, 2007, pp 1611–1631, doi:10.1007/978-3-540-33761-4_52. Suggestions for pushing back the age to 2.8 Mya were made in 2015 based on the discovery of LD 350-1: Spoor, Fred; Gunz, Philipp; Neubauer, Simon; Stelzer, Stefanie; Scott, Nadia; Kwekason, Amandus; Dean, M. Christopher (). „Reconstructed Homo habilis type OH 7 suggests deep-rooted species diversity in early Homo”. Nature. 519 (7541): 83–86. Bibcode:2015Natur.519...83S. doi:10.1038/nature14224. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 25739632. .
  • Saylor, Beverly Z.; Scott, Gary; Levin, Naomi E.; Deino, Alan; Alene, Mulugeta; Ryan, Timothy M.; Melillo, Stephanie M.; Gibert, Luis; Haile-Selassie, Yohannes (). „New species from Ethiopia further expands Middle Pliocene hominin diversity”. Nature (în engleză). 521 (7553): 483–488. Bibcode:2015Natur.521..483H. doi:10.1038/nature14448. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 26017448. 
  • Villmoare, Brian; Kimbel, William H.; Seyoum, Chalachew; Campisano, Christopher J.; DiMaggio, Erin N.; Rowan, John; Braun, David R.; Arrowsmith, J. Ramón; Reed, Kaye E. (). „Early Homo at 2.8 Ma from Ledi-Geraru, Afar, Ethiopia”. Science. 347 (6228): 1352–1355. Bibcode:2015Sci...347.1352V. doi:10.1126/science.aaa1343. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 25739410. . See also: Erin N. DiMaggio; Campisano C.J.; Rowan J.; Dupont-Nivet G.; Deino A.L. (). „Late Pliocene fossiliferous sedimentary record and the environmental context of early Homo from Afar, Ethiopia”. Science. 347 (6228): 1355–1359. Bibcode:2015Sci...347.1355D. doi:10.1126/science.aaa1415. PMID 25739409. 
  • Saylor, Beverly Z.; Scott, Gary; Levin, Naomi E.; Deino, Alan; Alene, Mulugeta; Ryan, Timothy M.; Melillo, Stephanie M.; Gibert, Luis; Haile-Selassie, Yohannes (). „New species from Ethiopia further expands Middle Pliocene hominin diversity”. Nature (în engleză). 521 (7553): 483–488. Bibcode:2015Natur.521..483H. doi:10.1038/nature14448. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 26017448. 
  • The conventional estimate on the age of H. habilis is at roughly 2.1 to 2.3 million years. Stringer, C.B. (). „Evolution of early humans”. În Steve Jones; Robert Martin; David Pilbeam. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 242.  Friedemann Schrenk, Ottmar Kullmer, Timothy Bromage, "The Earliest Putative Homo Fossils", chapter 9 in: Winfried Henke, Ian Tattersall (eds.), Handbook of Paleoanthropology, 2007, pp. 1611–1631, doi:10.1007/978-3-540-33761-4_52. Suggestions for pushing back the age to 2.8 Mya were made in 2015 based on the discovery of a jawbone: Spoor, Fred; Gunz, Philipp; Neubauer, Simon; Stelzer, Stefanie; Scott, Nadia; Kwekason, Amandus; Dean, M. Christopher (). „Reconstructed Homo habilis type OH 7 suggests deep-rooted species diversity in early Homo”. Nature. 519 (7541): 83–86. Bibcode:2015Natur.519...83S. doi:10.1038/nature14224. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 25739632. .
  • Lao, Oscar; Bertranpetit, Jaume; Mondal, Mayukh (). „Approximate Bayesian computation with deep learning supports a third archaic introgression in Asia and Oceania”. Nature Communications (în engleză). 10 (1): 246. Bibcode:2019NatCo..10..246M. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-08089-7. ISSN 2041-1723. PMID 30651539. 
  • Zeitoun, Valery (). „High occurrence of a basicranial feature in Homo erectus: Anatomical description of the preglenoid tubercle”. The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist (în engleză). 274B (1): 148–156. doi:10.1002/ar.b.10028. ISSN 1552-4914. PMID 12964205. 
  • Mounier, A.; Caparros, M. (). „The phylogenetic status of Homo heidelbergensis – a cladistic study of Middle Pleistocene hominins”. BMSAP (în franceză). 27 (3–4): 110–134. doi:10.1007/s13219-015-0127-4. ISSN 0037-8984. 
  • Pääbo, Svante; Kelso, Janet; Reich, David; Slatkin, Montgomery; Viola, Bence; Derevianko, Anatoli P.; Shunkov, Michael V.; Doronichev, Vladimir B.; Golovanova, Liubov V. (). „The complete genome sequence of a Neanderthal from the Altai Mountains”. Nature (în engleză). 505 (7481): 43–49. Bibcode:2014Natur.505...43P. doi:10.1038/nature12886. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 4031459 Accesibil gratuit. PMID 24352235. 
  • Castellano, Sergi; Siepel, Adam; Meyer, Matthias; Pääbo, Svante; Viola, Bence; Andrés, Aida M.; Marques-Bonet, Tomas; Gušic, Ivan; Kucan, Željko (). „Ancient gene flow from early modern humans into Eastern Neanderthals”. Nature (în engleză). 530 (7591): 429–433. Bibcode:2016Natur.530..429K. doi:10.1038/nature16544. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 4933530 Accesibil gratuit. PMID 26886800. 
  • Dediu, Dan; Levinson, Stephen C. (). „Neanderthal language revisited: not only us”. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences. The Evolution of Language. 21: 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.01.001. ISSN 2352-1546. 
  • Ren, Liang; Taçon, Paul S. C.; Bao, Zhende; Liu, Wu; Ji, Xueping; Curnoe, Darren (). „A Hominin Femur with Archaic Affinities from the Late Pleistocene of Southwest China”. PLOS ONE (în engleză). 10 (12): e0143332. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1043332C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0143332. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4683062 Accesibil gratuit. PMID 26678851. 
  • Ko, Kwang Hyun (). „Hominin interbreeding and the evolution of human variation”. Journal of Biological Research-Thessaloniki. 23 (1): 17. doi:10.1186/s40709-016-0054-7. ISSN 2241-5793. PMC 4947341 Accesibil gratuit. PMID 27429943. 
  • Varki, Ajit (). „Why are there no persisting hybrids of humans with Denisovans, Neanderthals, or anyone else?”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (în engleză). 113 (17): E2354. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113E2354V. doi:10.1073/pnas.1602270113. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4855598 Accesibil gratuit. PMID 27044111. 
  • Groves, Colin (). „Progress in human systematics. A review”. Paradigmi (2): 59–74. doi:10.3280/PARA2017-002005. ISSN 1120-3404. 
  • Confirmed H. habilis fossils are dated to between 2.1 and 1.5 million years ago. This date range overlaps with the emergence of Homo erectus. Schrenk, Friedemann; Kullmer, Ottmar; Bromage, Timothy (). „The Earliest Putative Homo Fossils”. În Henke, Winfried; Tattersall, Ian. Handbook of Paleoanthropology. 1. In collaboration with Thorolf Hardt. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 1611–1631. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-33761-4_52. ISBN 978-3-540-32474-4.  DiMaggio, Erin N.; Campisano, Christopher J.; Rowan, John; et al. (). „Late Pliocene fossiliferous sedimentary record and the environmental context of early Homo from Afar, Ethiopia”. Science. 347 (6228): 1355–1359. Bibcode:2015Sci...347.1355D. doi:10.1126/science.aaa1415. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 25739409.  Hominins with "proto-Homo" traits may have lived as early as 2.8 million years ago, as suggested by a fossil jawbone classified as transitional between Australopithecus and Homo discovered in 2015.
  • Curnoe, Darren (iunie 2010). „A review of early Homo in southern Africa focusing on cranial, mandibular and dental remains, with the description of a new species (Homo gautengensis sp. nov.)”. HOMO – Journal of Comparative Human Biology. 61 (3): 151–177. doi:10.1016/j.jchb.2010.04.002. ISSN 0018-442X. PMID 20466364.  A species proposed in 2010 based on the fossil remains of three individuals dated between 1.9 and 0.6 million years ago. The same fossils were also classified as H. habilis, H. ergaster or Australopithecus by other anthropologists.
  • Bischoff, James L.; Shamp, Donald D.; Aramburu, Arantza; et al. (martie 2003). „The Sima de los Huesos Hominids Date to Beyond U/Th Equilibrium (>350 kyr) and Perhaps to 400–500 kyr: New Radiometric Dates”. Journal of Archaeological Science. 30 (3): 275–280. doi:10.1006/jasc.2002.0834. ISSN 0305-4403.  The first humans with "proto-Neanderthal traits" lived in Eurasia as early as 0.6 to 0.35 million years ago (classified as H. heidelbergensis, also called a chronospecies because it represents a chronological grouping rather than being based on clear morphological distinctions from either H. erectus or H. neanderthalensis). There is a fossil gap in Europe between 300 and 243 kya, and by convention, fossils younger than 243 kya are called "Neanderthal". D. Dean; J.-J. Hublin; R. Holloway; R. Ziegler (). „On the phylogenetic position of the pre-Neandertal specimen from Reilingen, Germany”. Journal of Human Evolution. 34 (5). pp. 485–508. doi:10.1006/jhev.1998.0214.