Marc, Mappen (). Prohibition Gangsters: The Rise and Fall of a Bad Generation. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. ISBN978-0813561158. OCLC852899302.
Nate, Hendley (). American Gangsters, Then and Now: An Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. ISBN978-0313354519. OCLC727948429.