Univers (Romanian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Univers" in Romanian language version.

refsWebsite

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36doi.org

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35harvard.edu

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21arxiv.org

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13books.google.com

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8web.archive.org

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8nasa.gov

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7nih.gov

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3worldcat.org

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3space.com

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3britannica.com

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3translatum.gr

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2oxfordjournals.org

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2scientificamerican.com

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2universetoday.com

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2cern.ch

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2ucr.edu

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1sciencefocus.com

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1arstechnica.com

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1nobelprize.org

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1physicsworld.com

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1learner.org

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1nationalgeographic.com

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1swin.edu.au

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1nature.com

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1livingreviews.org

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1cam.ac.uk

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1utexas.edu

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1mit.edu

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1mpg.de

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1physicsoftheuniverse.com

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1uni-frankfurt.de

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1esa.int

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1stanford.edu

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1livescience.com

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1archive.org

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1ucsd.edu

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aanda.org

Planck 2015 results, table 9

archive.org

Boyer, C. (1968) A History of Mathematics. Wiley, p. 54.

arstechnica.com

„First Planck results: the Universe is still weird and interesting”. Matthew Francis. Ars technica. 21 martie 2013. Accesat în 21 august 2015.

arxiv.org

Planck Collaboration (2016). „Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters”. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 594: A13, Table 4. arXiv:1502.01589 . Bibcode:2016A&A...594A..13P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201525830.
Fixsen, D.J. (2009). „The Temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background”. The Astrophysical Journal. 707 (2): 916–20. arXiv:0911.1955 . Bibcode:2009ApJ...707..916F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/707/2/916. ISSN 0004-637X.
Persic, Massimo; Salucci, Paolo (1 septembrie 1992). „The baryon content of the Universe”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (în engleză). 258 (1): 14P–18P. arXiv:astro-ph/0502178 . Bibcode:1992MNRAS.258P..14P. doi:10.1093/mnras/258.1.14P. ISSN 0035-8711. : states "less than 10%" but also provides a more exact value of 0.3% of the universe, which is about 6% of baryonic matter [4.9% according to Planck 2015].
Ellis, George F.R.; U. Kirchner; W.R. Stoeger (2004). „Multiverses and physical cosmology”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 347 (3): 921–36. arXiv:astro-ph/0305292 . Bibcode:2004MNRAS.347..921E. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07261.x.
Tegmark, Max (2008). „The Mathematical Universe”. Foundations of Physics. 38 (2): 101–50. arXiv:0704.0646 . Bibcode:2008FoPh...38..101T. doi:10.1007/s10701-007-9186-9. A short version of which is available at Davoust, Emmanuel. "A hundred years of science at the Pic du Midi Observatory". arXiv:astro-ph/9707201 in reference to David Mermin's famous quote "shut up and calculate!"^[24]
I. Ribas; C. Jordi; F. Vilardell; E.L. Fitzpatrick; R.W. Hilditch; F. Edward Guinan (2005). „First Determination of the Distance and Fundamental Properties of an Eclipsing Binary in the Andromeda Galaxy”. Astrophysical Journal. 635 (1): L37–L40. arXiv:astro-ph/0511045 . Bibcode:2005ApJ...635L..37R. doi:10.1086/499161.
McConnachie, A.W.; Irwin, M.J.; Ferguson, A.M.N.; Ibata, R.A.; Lewis, G.F.; Tanvir, N. (2005). „Distances and metallicities for 17 Local Group galaxies”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 356 (4): 979–97. arXiv:astro-ph/0410489 . Bibcode:2005MNRAS.356..979M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08514.x.
https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0610199 "Susskind's Challenge to the Hartle-Hawking No-Boundary Proposal and Possible Resolutions"
Riess, Adam G.; Filippenko; Challis; Clocchiatti; Diercks; Garnavich; Gilliland; Hogan; Jha; Kirshner; Leibundgut; Phillips; Reiss; Schmidt; Schommer; Smith; Spyromilio; Stubbs; Suntzeff; Tonry (1998). „Observational evidence from supernovae for an accelerating universe and a cosmological constant”. Astronomical Journal. 116 (3): 1009–38. arXiv:astro-ph/9805201 . Bibcode:1998AJ....116.1009R. doi:10.1086/300499.
Perlmutter, S.; Aldering; Goldhaber; Knop; Nugent; Castro; Deustua; Fabbro; Goobar; Groom; Hook; Kim; Kim; Lee; Nunes; Pain; Pennypacker; Quimby; Lidman; Ellis; Irwin; McMahon; Ruiz‐Lapuente; Walton; Schaefer; Boyle; Filippenko; Matheson; Fruchter; et al. (1999). „Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 high redshift supernovae”. Astrophysical Journal. 517 (2): 565–86. arXiv:astro-ph/9812133 . Bibcode:1999ApJ...517..565P. doi:10.1086/307221.
Luminet, Jean-Pierre; Weeks, Jeffrey R.; Riazuelo, Alain; Lehoucq, Roland; Uzan, Jean-Philippe (9 octombrie 2003). „Dodecahedral space topology as an explanation for weak wide-angle temperature correlations in the cosmic microwave background”. Nature (Submitted manuscript). 425 (6958): 593–95. arXiv:astro-ph/0310253 . Bibcode:2003Natur.425..593L. doi:10.1038/nature01944. PMID 14534579.
Luminet, Jean-Pierre; Boudewijn F. Roukema (1999). „Topology of the Universe: Theory and Observations”. Proceedings of Cosmology School held at Cargese, Corsica, August 1998. arXiv:astro-ph/9901364 . Bibcode:1999ASIC..541..117L.
Brill, Dieter; Jacobsen, Ted (2006). „Spacetime and Euclidean geometry”. General Relativity and Gravitation. 38 (4): 643–51. arXiv:gr-qc/0407022 . Bibcode:2006GReGr..38..643B. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.338.7953 . doi:10.1007/s10714-006-0254-9.
Roukema, Boudewijn; Zbigniew Buliński; Agnieszka Szaniewska; Nicolas E. Gaudin (2008). „A test of the Poincare dodecahedral space topology hypothesis with the WMAP CMB data”. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 482 (3): 747–53. arXiv:0801.0006 . Bibcode:2008A&A...482..747L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078777.
Aurich, Ralf; Lustig, S.; Steiner, F.; Then, H. (2004). „Hyperbolic Universes with a Horned Topology and the CMB Anisotropy”. Classical and Quantum Gravity. 21 (21): 4901–26. arXiv:astro-ph/0403597 . Bibcode:2004CQGra..21.4901A. doi:10.1088/0264-9381/21/21/010.
Planck collaboration (2014). „Planck 2013 results. XVI. Cosmological parameters”. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 571: A16. arXiv:1303.5076 . Bibcode:2014A&A...571A..16P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321591.
Peebles, P.J. E.; Ratra, Bharat (2003). „The cosmological constant and dark energy”. Reviews of Modern Physics. 75 (2): 559–606. arXiv:astro-ph/0207347 . Bibcode:2003RvMP...75..559P. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.75.559.
Peebles, P.J.E. & Ratra, Bharat (2003). „The cosmological constant and dark energy”. Reviews of Modern Physics. 75 (2): 559–606. arXiv:astro-ph/0207347 . Bibcode:2003RvMP...75..559P. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.75.559.
Paul J. Steinhardt; Neil Turok (2006). „Why the cosmological constant is small and positive”. Science. 312 (5777): 1180–83. arXiv:astro-ph/0605173 . Bibcode:2006Sci...312.1180S. doi:10.1126/science.1126231. PMID 16675662.
Carroll, Sean (2001). „The cosmological constant”. Living Reviews in Relativity. 4 (1): 1. arXiv:astro-ph/0004075 . Bibcode:2001LRR.....4....1C. doi:10.12942/lrr-2001-1. PMC 5256042 . PMID 28179856. Arhivat din original la 13 octombrie 2006. Accesat în 28 septembrie 2006.
Persic, Massimo; Salucci, Paolo (1 septembrie 1992). „The baryon content of the Universe”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (în engleză). 258 (1): 14P–18P. arXiv:astro-ph/0502178 . Bibcode:1992MNRAS.258P..14P. doi:10.1093/mnras/258.1.14P. ISSN 0035-8711.
Tegmark M. (2003). „Parallel universes. Not just a staple of science fiction, other universes are a direct implication of cosmological observations”. Scientific American. 288 (5): 40–51. arXiv:astro-ph/0302131 . Bibcode:2003SciAm.288e..40T. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0503-40. PMID 12701329.

bbc.co.uk

Palmer, Jason. (3 august 2011) BBC News – 'Multiverse' theory suggested by microwave background. Retrieved 2011-11-28.

books.google.com

Itzhak Bars; John Terning (noiembrie 2009). Extra Dimensions in Space and Time. Springer. pp. 27–. ISBN 978-0-387-77637-8. Accesat în 1 mai 2011.
Carroll, Bradley W.; Ostlie, Dale A. (23 iulie 2013). An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics (în engleză) (ed. International). Pearson. pp. 1173–74. ISBN 978-1-292-02293-2.
Duco A. Schreuder (3 decembrie 2014). Vision and Visual Perception. Archway Publishing. p. 135. ISBN 978-1-4808-1294-9.
Alexander Bolonkin (noiembrie 2011). Universe, Human Immortality and Future Human Evaluation. Elsevier. pp. 3–. ISBN 978-0-12-415801-6.
Michio Kaku (11 martie 2008). Physics of the Impossible: A Scientific Exploration into the World of Phasers, Force Fields, Teleportation, and Time Travel. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. pp. 202–. ISBN 978-0-385-52544-2.
Itzhak Bars; John Terning (19 octombrie 2018). Extra Dimensions in Space and Time. Springer. pp. 27–. ISBN 978-0-387-77637-8. Accesat în 19 octombrie 2018.
Edward Robert Harrison (2000). Cosmology: the science of the universe. Cambridge University Press. pp. 447–. ISBN 978-0-521-66148-5. Accesat în 1 mai 2011.
Andrew R. Liddle; David Hilary Lyth (13 aprilie 2000). Cosmological inflation and large-scale structure. Cambridge University Press. pp. 24–. ISBN 978-0-521-57598-0. Accesat în 1 mai 2011.
Livio, Mario (2001). The Accelerating Universe: Infinite Expansion, the Cosmological Constant, and the Beauty of the Cosmos. John Wiley and Sons. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-471-43714-7. Accesat în 31 martie 2012.
P. Davies (1992). The New Physics: A Synthesis. Cambridge University Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-521-43831-5.
G. 't Hooft (1997). In search of the ultimate building blocks. Cambridge University Press. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-521-57883-7.
Sylvie Braibant; Giorgio Giacomelli; Maurizio Spurio (2012). Particles and Fundamental Interactions: An Introduction to Particle Physics (ed. 2nd). Springer. pp. 1–3. ISBN 978-94-007-2463-1.
Sharov, Aleksandr Sergeevich; Novikov, Igor Dmitrievich (1993). Edwin Hubble, the discoverer of the big bang universe. Cambridge University Press. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-521-41617-7. Accesat în 31 decembrie 2011.

britannica.com

„Universe”. Encyclopaedia Britannica online. Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc. 2012. Accesat în 17 februarie 2018.
Fritzsche, Hellmut. „electromagnetic radiation | physics”. Encyclopædia Britannica. p. 1. Accesat în 26 iulie 2015.
„Lepton (physics)”. Encyclopædia Britannica. Accesat în 29 septembrie 2010.

cam.ac.uk

„Planck captures portrait of the young Universe, revealing earliest light”. University of Cambridge. 21 martie 2013. Accesat în 21 martie 2013.

cern.ch

cds.cern.ch

Luminet, Jean-Pierre; Weeks, Jeffrey R.; Riazuelo, Alain; Lehoucq, Roland; Uzan, Jean-Philippe (9 octombrie 2003). „Dodecahedral space topology as an explanation for weak wide-angle temperature correlations in the cosmic microwave background”. Nature (Submitted manuscript). 425 (6958): 593–95. arXiv:astro-ph/0310253 . Bibcode:2003Natur.425..593L. doi:10.1038/nature01944. PMID 14534579.
Linde A. (1986). „Eternal chaotic inflation”. Mod. Phys. Lett. A. 1 (2): 81–85. Bibcode:1986MPLA....1...81L. doi:10.1142/S0217732386000129.
Linde A. (1986). „Eternally existing self-reproducing chaotic inflationary Universe” (PDF). Phys. Lett. B. 175 (4): 395–400. Bibcode:1986PhLB..175..395L. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(86)90611-8. Accesat în 17 martie 2011.

doi.org

Planck Collaboration (2016). „Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters”. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 594: A13, Table 4. arXiv:1502.01589 . Bibcode:2016A&A...594A..13P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201525830.
Fixsen, D.J. (2009). „The Temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background”. The Astrophysical Journal. 707 (2): 916–20. arXiv:0911.1955 . Bibcode:2009ApJ...707..916F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/707/2/916. ISSN 0004-637X.
Persic, Massimo; Salucci, Paolo (1 septembrie 1992). „The baryon content of the Universe”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (în engleză). 258 (1): 14P–18P. arXiv:astro-ph/0502178 . Bibcode:1992MNRAS.258P..14P. doi:10.1093/mnras/258.1.14P. ISSN 0035-8711. : states "less than 10%" but also provides a more exact value of 0.3% of the universe, which is about 6% of baryonic matter [4.9% according to Planck 2015].
Ellis, George F.R.; U. Kirchner; W.R. Stoeger (2004). „Multiverses and physical cosmology”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 347 (3): 921–36. arXiv:astro-ph/0305292 . Bibcode:2004MNRAS.347..921E. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07261.x.
Mermin, N. David (2004). „Could Feynman Have Said This?”. Physics Today. 57 (5): 10. Bibcode:2004PhT....57e..10M. doi:10.1063/1.1768652.
Tegmark, Max (2008). „The Mathematical Universe”. Foundations of Physics. 38 (2): 101–50. arXiv:0704.0646 . Bibcode:2008FoPh...38..101T. doi:10.1007/s10701-007-9186-9. A short version of which is available at Davoust, Emmanuel. "A hundred years of science at the Pic du Midi Observatory". arXiv:astro-ph/9707201 in reference to David Mermin's famous quote "shut up and calculate!"^[24]
C. Sivaram (1986). „Evolution of the Universe through the Planck epoch”. Astrophysics and Space Science. 125 (1): 189–99. Bibcode:1986Ap&SS.125..189S. doi:10.1007/BF00643984.
Smorra C.; et al. (20 octombrie 2017). „A parts-per-billion measurement of the antiproton magnetic moment”. Nature. 550 (7676): 371–74. Bibcode:2017Natur.550..371S. doi:10.1038/nature24048. PMID 29052625.
I. Ribas; C. Jordi; F. Vilardell; E.L. Fitzpatrick; R.W. Hilditch; F. Edward Guinan (2005). „First Determination of the Distance and Fundamental Properties of an Eclipsing Binary in the Andromeda Galaxy”. Astrophysical Journal. 635 (1): L37–L40. arXiv:astro-ph/0511045 . Bibcode:2005ApJ...635L..37R. doi:10.1086/499161.
McConnachie, A.W.; Irwin, M.J.; Ferguson, A.M.N.; Ibata, R.A.; Lewis, G.F.; Tanvir, N. (2005). „Distances and metallicities for 17 Local Group galaxies”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 356 (4): 979–97. arXiv:astro-ph/0410489 . Bibcode:2005MNRAS.356..979M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08514.x.
Riess, Adam G.; Filippenko; Challis; Clocchiatti; Diercks; Garnavich; Gilliland; Hogan; Jha; Kirshner; Leibundgut; Phillips; Reiss; Schmidt; Schommer; Smith; Spyromilio; Stubbs; Suntzeff; Tonry (1998). „Observational evidence from supernovae for an accelerating universe and a cosmological constant”. Astronomical Journal. 116 (3): 1009–38. arXiv:astro-ph/9805201 . Bibcode:1998AJ....116.1009R. doi:10.1086/300499.
Perlmutter, S.; Aldering; Goldhaber; Knop; Nugent; Castro; Deustua; Fabbro; Goobar; Groom; Hook; Kim; Kim; Lee; Nunes; Pain; Pennypacker; Quimby; Lidman; Ellis; Irwin; McMahon; Ruiz‐Lapuente; Walton; Schaefer; Boyle; Filippenko; Matheson; Fruchter; et al. (1999). „Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 high redshift supernovae”. Astrophysical Journal. 517 (2): 565–86. arXiv:astro-ph/9812133 . Bibcode:1999ApJ...517..565P. doi:10.1086/307221.
Luminet, Jean-Pierre; Weeks, Jeffrey R.; Riazuelo, Alain; Lehoucq, Roland; Uzan, Jean-Philippe (9 octombrie 2003). „Dodecahedral space topology as an explanation for weak wide-angle temperature correlations in the cosmic microwave background”. Nature (Submitted manuscript). 425 (6958): 593–95. arXiv:astro-ph/0310253 . Bibcode:2003Natur.425..593L. doi:10.1038/nature01944. PMID 14534579.
Brill, Dieter; Jacobsen, Ted (2006). „Spacetime and Euclidean geometry”. General Relativity and Gravitation. 38 (4): 643–51. arXiv:gr-qc/0407022 . Bibcode:2006GReGr..38..643B. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.338.7953 . doi:10.1007/s10714-006-0254-9.
Roukema, Boudewijn; Zbigniew Buliński; Agnieszka Szaniewska; Nicolas E. Gaudin (2008). „A test of the Poincare dodecahedral space topology hypothesis with the WMAP CMB data”. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 482 (3): 747–53. arXiv:0801.0006 . Bibcode:2008A&A...482..747L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078777.
Aurich, Ralf; Lustig, S.; Steiner, F.; Then, H. (2004). „Hyperbolic Universes with a Horned Topology and the CMB Anisotropy”. Classical and Quantum Gravity. 21 (21): 4901–26. arXiv:astro-ph/0403597 . Bibcode:2004CQGra..21.4901A. doi:10.1088/0264-9381/21/21/010.
Planck collaboration (2014). „Planck 2013 results. XVI. Cosmological parameters”. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 571: A16. arXiv:1303.5076 . Bibcode:2014A&A...571A..16P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321591.
Peebles, P.J. E.; Ratra, Bharat (2003). „The cosmological constant and dark energy”. Reviews of Modern Physics. 75 (2): 559–606. arXiv:astro-ph/0207347 . Bibcode:2003RvMP...75..559P. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.75.559.
Mandolesi, N.; Calzolari, P.; Cortiglioni, S.; Delpino, F.; Sironi, G.; Inzani, P.; Deamici, G.; Solheim, J.-E.; Berger, L.; Partridge, R.B.; Martenis, P.L.; Sangree, C.H.; Harvey, R.C. (1986). „Large-scale homogeneity of the Universe measured by the microwave background”. Nature. 319 (6056): 751–53. Bibcode:1986Natur.319..751M. doi:10.1038/319751a0.
„The Structure of the Universe”. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-8730-2_10#page-2.
Gibney, Elizabeth (3 septembrie 2014). „Earth's new address: 'Solar System, Milky Way, Laniakea'”. Elizabeth Gibney. doi:10.1038/nature.2014.15819.
Peebles, P.J.E. & Ratra, Bharat (2003). „The cosmological constant and dark energy”. Reviews of Modern Physics. 75 (2): 559–606. arXiv:astro-ph/0207347 . Bibcode:2003RvMP...75..559P. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.75.559.
Paul J. Steinhardt; Neil Turok (2006). „Why the cosmological constant is small and positive”. Science. 312 (5777): 1180–83. arXiv:astro-ph/0605173 . Bibcode:2006Sci...312.1180S. doi:10.1126/science.1126231. PMID 16675662.
Carroll, Sean (2001). „The cosmological constant”. Living Reviews in Relativity. 4 (1): 1. arXiv:astro-ph/0004075 . Bibcode:2001LRR.....4....1C. doi:10.12942/lrr-2001-1. PMC 5256042 . PMID 28179856. Arhivat din original la 13 octombrie 2006. Accesat în 28 septembrie 2006.
Persic, Massimo; Salucci, Paolo (1 septembrie 1992). „The baryon content of the Universe”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (în engleză). 258 (1): 14P–18P. arXiv:astro-ph/0502178 . Bibcode:1992MNRAS.258P..14P. doi:10.1093/mnras/258.1.14P. ISSN 0035-8711.
Friedmann A. (1922). „Über die Krümmung des Raumes” (PDF). Zeitschrift für Physik. 10 (1): 377–86. Bibcode:1922ZPhy...10..377F. doi:10.1007/BF01332580.
Munitz MK (1959). „One Universe or Many?”. Journal of the History of Ideas. 12 (2): 231–55. doi:10.2307/2707516.
Linde A. (1986). „Eternal chaotic inflation”. Mod. Phys. Lett. A. 1 (2): 81–85. Bibcode:1986MPLA....1...81L. doi:10.1142/S0217732386000129.
Linde A. (1986). „Eternally existing self-reproducing chaotic inflationary Universe” (PDF). Phys. Lett. B. 175 (4): 395–400. Bibcode:1986PhLB..175..395L. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(86)90611-8. Accesat în 17 martie 2011.
Tegmark M. (2003). „Parallel universes. Not just a staple of science fiction, other universes are a direct implication of cosmological observations”. Scientific American. 288 (5): 40–51. arXiv:astro-ph/0302131 . Bibcode:2003SciAm.288e..40T. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0503-40. PMID 12701329.
Ellis G. F (2011). „Does the Multiverse Really Exist?”. Scientific American. 305 (2): 38–43. Bibcode:2011SciAm.305a..38E. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0811-38. PMID 21827123.
Blandford R. D. (2015). „A century of general relativity: Astrophysics and cosmology”. Science. 347 (6226): 1103–08. Bibcode:2015Sci...347.1103B. doi:10.1126/science.aaa4033. PMID 25745165.
Neugebauer, Otto E. (1945). „The History of Ancient Astronomy Problems and Methods”. Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 4 (1): 166–173. doi:10.1086/370729. the Chaldaean Seleucus from Seleucia
Sarton, George (1955). „Chaldaean Astronomy of the Last Three Centuries B. C”. Journal of the American Oriental Society. 75 (3): 166–73 (169). doi:10.2307/595168. the heliocentrical astronomy invented by Aristarchos of Samos and still defended a century later by Seleucos the Babylonian
Bartel (1987, p. 527) Bartel, Leendert van der Waerden (1987). „The Heliocentric System in Greek, Persian and Hindu Astronomy”. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 500 (1): 525–45. Bibcode:1987NYASA.500..525V. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb37224.x.
Bartel (1987, pp. 529–34) Bartel, Leendert van der Waerden (1987). „The Heliocentric System in Greek, Persian and Hindu Astronomy”. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 500 (1): 525–45. Bibcode:1987NYASA.500..525V. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb37224.x.
Bartel (1987, pp. 534–7) Bartel, Leendert van der Waerden (1987). „The Heliocentric System in Greek, Persian and Hindu Astronomy”. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 500 (1): 525–45. Bibcode:1987NYASA.500..525V. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb37224.x.
Jeans, J. H. (1902). „The Stability of a Spherical Nebula” (PDF). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A. 199 (312–320): 1–53. Bibcode:1902RSPTA.199....1J. doi:10.1098/rsta.1902.0012. Arhivat din original (PDF) la 20 iulie 2011. Accesat în 17 martie 2011.

esa.int

„Cosmic Detectives”. The European Space Agency (ESA). 2 aprilie 2013. Accesat în 15 aprilie 2013.

eso.org

„Unveiling the Secret of a Virgo Dwarf Galaxy”. European Southern Observatory Press Release. ESO: 12. 3 mai 2000. Bibcode:2000eso..pres...12. Arhivat din original la 13 iulie 2015. Accesat în 3 ianuarie 2007.

etymonline.com

„versus”, Etymonline.com, accesat în 1 octombrie 2020

gsu.edu

hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu

„Dark Energy”. Hyperphysics. Accesat în 4 ianuarie 2014.

harvard.edu

adsabs.harvard.edu

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