Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Vis" in Romanian language version.
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Clay tablets have been found, dating to about 2500 B.C.E., that contain interpretive material for Babylonian and Assyrian dreamers.
The Greeks never spoke as we do of having a dream, but always of seeing a dream....
…[M]any more ancient cultures think that dreams are imposed by a force that resides outside the individual.
We call a dream oracular in which a parent, or a pious or revered man, or a priest, or even a god clearly reveals what will or will not transpire, and what action to take or to avoid.
The Egyptian papyrus of Deral-Madineh was written about 1300 B.C.E. and gives instructions on how to obtain a dream message from a god.
Dreaming and REM sleep are incompletely correlated. Between 5 and 30% of REM awakenings do not elicit dream reports; and at least 5–10% of NREM awakenings do elicit dream reports that are indistinguishable from REM....
Do animals dream? We currently have no means of proving it one way or the other, just as we have no way to determine whether human fetuses and newborns are genuinely dreaming before they develop the ability to speak and relate their experiences.
…I sympathize with Julian Jaynes's claim that something of great import may have happened to the human mind during the relatively brief interval of time between the events narrated in the Iliad and those that make up the Odyssey.
Similarly, modern neuroscience research is increasingly showing that activation areas on the brain associated with a cognitive process are far more widely distributed than had been thought only a decade or so ago. Indeed, it now seems likely that most of the brain is active in almost any cognitive process.
The view adopted by Robert [1886, 9 f.] that the purpose of dreams is to unburden our memory of the useless impressions of daytime [cf. pp. 105 f.] is plainly no longer tenable....
...[I]n dreams,...man passes from the one world to the other without being aware of it. Such is in fact the ordinary idea of the dream to primitive peoples. The "soul" leaves its tenement for the time being. It frequently goes very far away; it communes with spirits or with ghosts. At the moment of awakening it returns to take its place in the body once more.
What is interesting about these narratives, particularly the Daniel narrative, is that the narrator is not antagonistic towards the mantic arts
Dreaming and REM sleep are incompletely correlated. Between 5 and 30% of REM awakenings do not elicit dream reports; and at least 5–10% of NREM awakenings do elicit dream reports that are indistinguishable from REM....
The dream process is thus seen as having its origin in sensorimotor systems, with little or no primary ideational, volitional, or emotional content. This concept is markedly different from that of the "dream thoughts" or wishes seen by Freud as the primary stimulus for the dream.
Adults report, on average, 1–2.8 dream recalls per week in a dream questionnaire and 2.38 dream recalls per week when a home dream diary is completed
Dreaming and REM sleep are incompletely correlated. Between 5 and 30% of REM awakenings do not elicit dream reports; and at least 5–10% of NREM awakenings do elicit dream reports that are indistinguishable from REM....
The dream process is thus seen as having its origin in sensorimotor systems, with little or no primary ideational, volitional, or emotional content. This concept is markedly different from that of the "dream thoughts" or wishes seen by Freud as the primary stimulus for the dream.
Adults report, on average, 1–2.8 dream recalls per week in a dream questionnaire and 2.38 dream recalls per week when a home dream diary is completed