Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Армяне на Украине" in Russian language version.
Philaretus had many compatriots amongst his subjects, for the Seljuk conquest had inspired large-scale migration. Edessa, which he took in 1077, and Melitene were full of refugees. Antioch, offered to Philaretus by the troops of the deceased Armenian governor, Vasak, son of Gregory Magistros, was, by 1098, about one-third Armenian. Samosata, in the twelfth century, housed Armenian clergy and Armenian heretics, (Arewordikc or sun worshippers, probably Zoroastrians). Most of the Armenians will have been from southern Armenia. From the north many migrants went to Tiflis, and some to the Ukraine.
Сын Даниила, Лев, основав город Львов в 1270 г., поселил в нём «армянских азиатских воинов, пользовавшихся оружием, одеждой и языком татар».
The first Armenians settled on the territory of contemporary Ukraine as early as the eleventh century, in Crimea. The first Armenian community in Kiev was established at the beginning of the twelfth century. The primary religious and national center of the Armenians was Lwów, where the first Armenians settled in the thirteenth century. For several centuries Armenians had a guarantee of autonomy in Lwow. They had their own systems of education and goverment A similarly important role was played by the Armenians in Łuck, Kamieniec Podolski, Buczacz, Brody, and in a number of other towns. Despite polonization, which was the dominant trend in the seventeenth through the nineteenth centuries, the ethnic Armenian population has persisted in Ukraine until the present.
In the atmosphere of the city life of Ani there were brought up «the series of Armenian communities which following 1064 emigrated to the Crimea, Galicia and Poland and founded there flourishing, peaceful colonies».
Partly because of the peace established by the Mongols, Danylo’s reign was relatively stable. He revived the Galician salt trade and promoted commerce, inviting skilled immigrants — Armenians, Germans, Jews, and Poles — to settle in Galicia-Volhynia.
The Armenian trade northwest around the Black Sea was harder to maintain over long periods of time. In the fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries, for example, it was very active. Armenians who settled at Crimean ports like Kaffa carried the overland trade to feed the Genoese seaborne trade diaspora to the Black Sea. These Crimean Armenians not only carried goods back toward their homeland; they also ran caravans still farther west throough prsent-day Rumania and Poland and beyond to Nuremberg in Germany and Bruges in the Low Countries. Their colonies in Crimea were so large that the Genoese sometimes called it Armenia maritima. In that news base, Armenians also began to take on elements of the local, Tatar culture. They kept their Armenian identity, and loyalty to the Armenian church, but they began to speak Tatar as home language and even to write in with Armenian script.
The Lithuanian princes fostered the economic recovery of Kiev by allowing its burghers unrestricted trade anywhere in their state. Armenian and Genoese merchants established settlements in Podil
Although Crimean Armenians adopted the local Tatar language and codified it in Armenian script, they retained their religious and ethnic identity.
Whereas most of Crimea’s diverse peoples assimilated to the peninsula’s Turkic- speaking Islamic majority, in that process they left a distinct cultural and linguistic imprint on the Tats, who eventually formed the basis of a Crimean Tatar ethnos. For example, the Turkic language of the coastal Tats contains several loanwords from Italian and Greek, reflecting the former presence of those peoples in the Crimea’s ports. There were also a few peoples, who, while adopting Turkic speech, did not become Muslims. These included the Christian Armenians and Greeks (the urum, or Greek Tatars) and the Jewish Krymchaks and Karaites. The Krymchaks and Karaites lived primarily in the khanate’s largest towns: Akmescid (today Simferopol'), the port of Gözleve (today Ievpatoriia), the Sirin clan «capital» of Kara- subazar (today Bilohirs’k), and the khanate’s capital Bahçesaray (today Bakhchy- sarai). The Armenians and Greeks were concentrated in Kefe (today Feodosiia).
The first Armenian printshop on the territory of the Ukraine was established in 1616 in L’viv; that same city contained rich Armenian libraries and a distinct Armenian architecture. This was the high point of the community’s development, however; many had already assimilated to Polish culture and by the eighteenth century the special legal and socioeconomic privileges granted to Armenians in the Middle Ages were abolished.
Следует отметить, что армяне и евреи обосновывались на протяжении XI, XII и XIII веков в Киеве и Львове.
В соответствии с политикой великих князей, а также с естественным процессом миграции, многие немцы, армяне и евреи — купцы и ремесленники — жили в XV и XVI веках в русских городах Галиции (которая в то время относилась к Польше) и Великого княжества Литовского.
Удар монголов по Закавказью выхлестнул оттуда мощную волну армянско миграции, устремившейся также на Север, в Восточну Европу, сперва для подкрепления уже существовавших здесь ранее торговых факторий, потом для создания новых колоний.
Следует отметить, что армяне и евреи обосновывались на протяжении XI, XII и XIII веков в Киеве и Львове.
В соответствии с политикой великих князей, а также с естественным процессом миграции, многие немцы, армяне и евреи — купцы и ремесленники — жили в XV и XVI веках в русских городах Галиции (которая в то время относилась к Польше) и Великого княжества Литовского.
Удар монголов по Закавказью выхлестнул оттуда мощную волну армянско миграции, устремившейся также на Север, в Восточну Европу, сперва для подкрепления уже существовавших здесь ранее торговых факторий, потом для создания новых колоний.
Сын Даниила, Лев, основав город Львов в 1270 г., поселил в нём «армянских азиатских воинов, пользовавшихся оружием, одеждой и языком татар».
