Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Исторические миграции армянского населения" in Russian language version.
Исторически получилось, что в III—II вв. до н. э. центр политической, культурной жизни армянского народа постепенно переместился на северо-восток, в пределы Айраратской долины.
Alp-Arslan’s victory at Malazgirt also meant that, apart from the districts of Tashir and eastern Siunik', Armenia passes definitely into Muslim hands; and within the nest decade or so, the Byzantines, resolutely anti-Armenian to the end, exterminated several survivors of the native Bagratid and Ardzrunid dynasties.
By the seventeenth century, immigration of Armenians further increased from Turkey and Iran and they migrated to the already-formed Armenian colonies of Europe and Asia
К концу восемнадцатого века армянское население территории сократилось существенно. Столетия войн и вторжений, в сочетании с тиранией местных ханов, вынуждали армян эмигрировать. До семнадцатого века армяне, возможно, всё ещё составляли большинство в Восточной Армении, но насильственное перемещение шахом Аббасом примерно 250 тыс. армян и иные массовые переселения, описанные в этой главе, существенно сократили численность армянского населения. Как показала перепись, проведённая русскими в 1830—1831 гг., к XIX веку армяне составляли 20 процентов населения Эриванского и Нахичеванского ханств. В Гянджинском ханстве армяне также стали меньшинством. Лишь в горных районах Карабаха и Зангезура армянам удалось сохранить значительное большинство.
Оригинальный текст (англ.)By the end of the eighteenth century, the Armenian population of the territory had shrunk considerably. Centuries of warfare and invasions combined with the tyranny of local khans had forced the emigration of the Armenians. It is probable that until the seventeenth century, the Armenian still maintained a majority in Eastern Armenia, but the forced relocation of some 250,000 Armenian by Shah Abbas and the numerous exoduses described in this chapter had reduced the Armenian population considerably. The census conducted by the Russians in 1830-1831 indicates that by the nineteenth century Armenians of Erevan and Nakhichevan formed 20 percent of population. The Armenians of Ganja had also been reduced to a minority. Only in the mountains regions of Karabakh and Zangezur did the Armenian manage to maintain a solid majority
After his unanimous election Gevork VI sent a letter to Stalin supporting the repatriation of diaspora Armenians and the return of Armenian lands in Turkey. But the advent of the Cold War and Turkeys integration into the United States-led Western alliance made any border change impossible.
In May, Stalin authorized the officials of Soviet Armenia to explore the possibility of a massive Armenian repatriation. This, in his calculations, could help to undermine possible Western support of Turkey and provide a "humanitarian" cover to Soviet demands.
Armenia's party secretary, Grigory Arutynov, complained that he had no room to settle and resources to feed the repatriates (although, instead of the projected 400,000 Armenians, only 90,000 arrived in Soviet Armenia). He proposed to resettle Azeri peasants, living on Armenian territory, in Azerbaijan.
The Byzantine conquest was short-lived: in 1048 Toghrïl Beg led the first Seljuq raid into Armenia, in 1064 Ani and Kars fell to Toghrïl’s nephew and heir Alp-Arslan, and after the Battle of Manzikert (1071) most of the country was in Turkish hands. In 1072 the Kurdish Shāddādids received Ani as a fief. A few native Armenian rulers survived for a time in the Kiurikian kingdom of Lori, the Siuniqian kingdom of Baghq or Kapan, and the principates of Khachen (Artzakh) and Sasun.
In mountainous Karabakh a group of five Armenian maliks (princes) succeeded in conserving their autonomy and maintained a short period of independence (1722-30) during the struggle between Persia and Turkey at the beginning of the 18th century
Although the precise circumstances of these events and the total number of dead are hotly contested be the scholars from the opposing political camps, even the most conservative estimates place Armenian losses at approximately half a million. The higher figure given by Armenian scholars is one and a half million dead.
Чтобы избавиться от соперничества армянского купечества, шах разорил центр армянской торговой деятельности в Закавказье — город Джугу и переселил армянское население в Исфахан, в пригород, названный Новой Джугой
The Qajar were a Turkmen tribe who first settled during the Mongol period in the vicinity of Armenia and were among the seven Qezelbāš tribes that supported the Safavids.
Northern Armenia and eastern Georgia were ruined and plundered, and when Ḡāzān Khan accepted Islam (1295), strong persecutions were initiated against the Armenians, carried out pointedly in Naḵǰavān and nearby areas.
В описаниях современников сельджукское нашествие предстаёт как бедствие для стран Закавказья. Сельджуки быстрее всего утвердились в южных армянских землях, откуда армянское население вынуждено было эмигрировать в пределы Византии. Так возникло Киликийское Армянское царство, просуществовавшее до конца XIV в. На Армянском нагорье начался многовековой процесс оттеснения армянского и курдского населения пришлым тюркским. То же самое имело место и в пределах Закавказья.
An uncited Russian survey of 1832 and my article are used as the main sources for this statement. The survey lists the Armenian population of the whole of Karabakh at 34.8 percent (slightly over one-third) and that of the Azeris at 64.8 percent. This time Altstadt confuses the reader by identifying the whole of Karabakh with Mountainous Karabakh. The Armenian population of Karabakh (as will be demonstrated below) was concentrated in 8 out of the 21 districts or mahals of Karabakh. These 8 districts are located in Mountainous Karabakh and present-day Zangezur (then part of Karabakh). Thus 34.8 percent of the population of Karabakh populated 38 percent of the land. In other words the Armenians, according to the survey cited by Altstadt, formed 91.58 percent of the population of Mountainous Karabakh.
The only work which deals primarily with the Armenian immigration from Persian Azerbaijan to Russia is by Sergei Glinka.(11) He does not supply any numbers, but makes it clear that the majority of the Armenians were headed towards the newly-established Armenian Province, created from the Khanates of Erevan and Nakhichevan. An archival document, however, does shine some light on the issue. The document states that only 279 Armenian families decided to immigrate to Karabakh, and that they settled in Kapan and Meghri on the banks of the Arax (in the southernmost part of Zangezur bordering Iran).(12)
All documents relating to the Armenian immigration make it clear that Russia, for political, military, and economic reasons, strongly encouraged the Armenians to settle in the newly-established Armenian province, especially the region of Erevan, which between 1795 and 1827 had lost some 20,000 Armenians who had immigrated to Georgia.
The only major immigration into Karabakh was by the former Armenians of Karabakh who had escaped the oppression of its ruler Ebrahim Khan, (14) some as late as the 1790s, who had sought refuge in Ganje, Georgia, and Erevan. They began returning home after a decade or so, following the Russian protectorate over Karabakh in 1805 and continued to do so until the 1820s. According to archival documents most of them returned to their own villages, which, for the most part, had remained abandoned.(15)
Исторически получилось, что в III—II вв. до н. э. центр политической, культурной жизни армянского народа постепенно переместился на северо-восток, в пределы Айраратской долины.
В описаниях современников сельджукское нашествие предстаёт как бедствие для стран Закавказья. Сельджуки быстрее всего утвердились в южных армянских землях, откуда армянское население вынуждено было эмигрировать в пределы Византии. Так возникло Киликийское Армянское царство, просуществовавшее до конца XIV в. На Армянском нагорье начался многовековой процесс оттеснения армянского и курдского населения пришлым тюркским. То же самое имело место и в пределах Закавказья.
The Qajar were a Turkmen tribe who first settled during the Mongol period in the vicinity of Armenia and were among the seven Qezelbāš tribes that supported the Safavids.
Чтобы избавиться от соперничества армянского купечества, шах разорил центр армянской торговой деятельности в Закавказье — город Джугу и переселил армянское население в Исфахан, в пригород, названный Новой Джугой
By the seventeenth century, immigration of Armenians further increased from Turkey and Iran and they migrated to the already-formed Armenian colonies of Europe and Asia
After his unanimous election Gevork VI sent a letter to Stalin supporting the repatriation of diaspora Armenians and the return of Armenian lands in Turkey. But the advent of the Cold War and Turkeys integration into the United States-led Western alliance made any border change impossible.
In May, Stalin authorized the officials of Soviet Armenia to explore the possibility of a massive Armenian repatriation. This, in his calculations, could help to undermine possible Western support of Turkey and provide a "humanitarian" cover to Soviet demands.
Armenia's party secretary, Grigory Arutynov, complained that he had no room to settle and resources to feed the repatriates (although, instead of the projected 400,000 Armenians, only 90,000 arrived in Soviet Armenia). He proposed to resettle Azeri peasants, living on Armenian territory, in Azerbaijan.
