Article on JihadАрхивная копия от 29 августа 2017 на Wayback Machine by Dr. G. W. Leitner (founder of The Oriental Institute, UK) published in Asiatic Quarterly Review, 1886. («jihad, even when explained as a righteous effort of waging war in self-defense against the grossest outrage on one’s religion, is strictly limited..»)
Osman, Ghada. Foreign slaves in Mecca and Medina in the formative Islamic period (англ.) // Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations : journal. — Routledge, 2005. — Vol. 16, no. 4. — P. 345—359. — doi:10.1080/09596410500250230.
history.com
Klein, Christopher.The Bible Says Jesus Was Real. What Other Proof Exists? (неопр.)History. A&E Television Networks (26 февраля 2019). — «Within a few decades of his lifetime, Jesus was mentioned by Jewish and Roman historians in passages that corroborate portions of the New Testament that describe the life and death of Jesus...The first-century Jewish historian Flavius Josephus...twice mentions Jesus in Jewish Antiquities...written around 93 A.D....Another account of Jesus appears in Annals of Imperial Rome...written around 116 A.D. by the Roman senator and historian Tacitus...Ehrman says this collection of snippets from non-Christian sources may not impart much information about the life of Jesus, ‘but it is useful for realizing that Jesus was known by historians who had reason to look into the matter. No one thought he was made up.’». Дата обращения: 27 июня 2019. Архивировано 6 июля 2019 года.
huffingtonpost.com
Harris makes a similar argument about hadith, saying «[a]ccording to a literalist reading of the hadith (the literature that recounts the sayings and the actions of the Prophet) if a Muslim decides that he no longer wants to be a Muslim, he should be put to death. If anyone ventures the opinion that the Koran is a mediocre book of religious fiction or that Muhammad was a schizophrenic, he should also be killed. It should go without saying that a desire to kill people for imaginary crimes like apostasy and blasphemy is not an expression of religious moderation.» «Who Are the Moderate Muslims?,»Архивная копия от 25 марта 2019 на Wayback MachineThe Huffington Post, February 16, 2006 (accessed 11/16/2013)
iranicaonline.org
Manicheism v. Missionary Activity & Technique (неопр.). — «That Manicheism went further on to the Arabian peninsula, up to the Hejaz and Mecca, where it could have possibly contributed to the formation of the doctrine of Islam, cannot be proven. A detailed description of Manichean traces in the Arabian-speaking regions is given by Tardieu (1994).» Архивировано 16 ноября 2019 года.
Khaleel Mohammed, professor of religious studies at San Diego State University, states, regarding his discussion with the critic Robert Spencer, that «when I am told … that Jihad only means war, or that I have to accept interpretations of the Quran that non-Muslims (with no good intentions or knowledge of Islam) seek to force upon me, I see a certain agendum developing: one that is based on hate, and I refuse to be part of such an intellectual crime». Khaleel Mohammed- San Diego State University - Religious Studies Department (неопр.). Дата обращения: 13 октября 2008. Архивировано из оригинала 8 июля 2008 года.
Manicheism v. Missionary Activity & Technique (неопр.). — «That Manicheism went further on to the Arabian peninsula, up to the Hejaz and Mecca, where it could have possibly contributed to the formation of the doctrine of Islam, cannot be proven. A detailed description of Manichean traces in the Arabian-speaking regions is given by Tardieu (1994).» Архивировано 16 ноября 2019 года.
Klein, Christopher.The Bible Says Jesus Was Real. What Other Proof Exists? (неопр.)History. A&E Television Networks (26 февраля 2019). — «Within a few decades of his lifetime, Jesus was mentioned by Jewish and Roman historians in passages that corroborate portions of the New Testament that describe the life and death of Jesus...The first-century Jewish historian Flavius Josephus...twice mentions Jesus in Jewish Antiquities...written around 93 A.D....Another account of Jesus appears in Annals of Imperial Rome...written around 116 A.D. by the Roman senator and historian Tacitus...Ehrman says this collection of snippets from non-Christian sources may not impart much information about the life of Jesus, ‘but it is useful for realizing that Jesus was known by historians who had reason to look into the matter. No one thought he was made up.’». Дата обращения: 27 июня 2019. Архивировано 6 июля 2019 года.
Harris makes a similar argument about hadith, saying «[a]ccording to a literalist reading of the hadith (the literature that recounts the sayings and the actions of the Prophet) if a Muslim decides that he no longer wants to be a Muslim, he should be put to death. If anyone ventures the opinion that the Koran is a mediocre book of religious fiction or that Muhammad was a schizophrenic, he should also be killed. It should go without saying that a desire to kill people for imaginary crimes like apostasy and blasphemy is not an expression of religious moderation.» «Who Are the Moderate Muslims?,»Архивная копия от 25 марта 2019 на Wayback MachineThe Huffington Post, February 16, 2006 (accessed 11/16/2013)
Khaleel Mohammed, professor of religious studies at San Diego State University, states, regarding his discussion with the critic Robert Spencer, that «when I am told … that Jihad only means war, or that I have to accept interpretations of the Quran that non-Muslims (with no good intentions or knowledge of Islam) seek to force upon me, I see a certain agendum developing: one that is based on hate, and I refuse to be part of such an intellectual crime». Khaleel Mohammed- San Diego State University - Religious Studies Department (неопр.). Дата обращения: 13 октября 2008. Архивировано из оригинала 8 июля 2008 года.
Article on JihadАрхивная копия от 29 августа 2017 на Wayback Machine by Dr. G. W. Leitner (founder of The Oriental Institute, UK) published in Asiatic Quarterly Review, 1886. («jihad, even when explained as a righteous effort of waging war in self-defense against the grossest outrage on one’s religion, is strictly limited..»)
Geisler, N. L.[англ.] (1999). In Baker encyclopedia of Christian apologetics. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books. Entry on Qur’an, Alleged Divine Origin of.
