Živković, Miloš.Media Law in Serbia / Miloš Živković, Kremenjak Slobodan, Miloš Stojković. — Kluwer Law International, 2020. — P. 20–21. — ISBN 9789403523033.
Ker-Lindsay, 2012, p. 19: «93. Pegg offers the following definition of a de facto state: „de facto state exists where there is an organized political leadership which has risen to power through some degree of indigenous capability; receives popular support; and has achieved sufficient capacity to provide governmental services to a given population in a defined territorial area, over which effective control is maintained for an extended period of time. The de facto state views itself as capable of entering into relations with other states and it seeks full constitutional independence and widespread international recognition as a sovereign state. It is, however, unable to achieve any degree of substantive recognition and therefore remains illegitimate in the eyes of international society“. Pegg, International Society and the De Facto State, p. 26. Others have essentially concurred with this assessment. As John McGarry has stated, „De facto states are a result of a strong secessionist bid, on the one hand, and the unwillingness of the international system to condone secession on the other. They are regions which carry out the normal functions of the state on their territory, and which are generally supported by significant proportions of their population. They are not ‘de jure states’, because they are not sanctioned by the international order. Instead, other states and inter-state organizations, such as the mis-named United Nations, continue to recognize the authority of the state from which the secession occurred, even though its writ no longer runs in the breakaway region, and though its legitimacy is rejected by the region’s population.“ McGarry, 'Foreword', p. x».
Caspersen, 2011, p. 8: «4 What we refer to as ‘partial recognition’ includes what Geldenhuys (2009) has termed ‘paltry recognition’ and ‘patron recognition’. ‘Partial recognition’ is in Geldenhuys’ usage reserved for entities that have been recognized by a significant number of states. We appreciate the potential usefulness of more specific categories, but for the sake of simplicity we will stick to a single category».
