Garfield, Jay L.; Edelglass, William (2011). The Oxford Handbook of World Philosophy. Oxford University Press. str. 62. ISBN978-0-19-532899-8. »The goods that serve as criteria of morality are collective or public, in contrast, for instance, to individual happiness or well-being«
Chatterjee, Deen K. (2011). Encyclopedia of Global Justice. Springer. str. 1170. ISBN978-1-4020-9159-9. »in this sense, one can interpret Xunzi's political philosophy as a form of state utilitarianism or state consequentialism«