LaTorre, Donald R., John W. Kenelly, Iris B. Reed, Laurel R. Carpenter, and Cynthia R Harris (2011). Calculus Concepts: An Informal Approach to the Mathematics of Change. Cengage Learning. str. 2. ISBN1-4390-4957-2. »Calculus is the study of change—how things change, and how quickly they change.«
Ramana (2007). Applied Mathematics. Tata McGraw–Hill Education. str. 2.10. ISBN0-07-066753-5. »The mathematical study of change, motion, growth or decay is calculus.«
Ziegler, Günter M. (2011). „What Is Mathematics?”. An Invitation to Mathematics: From Competitions to Research. Springer. str. 7. ISBN3-642-19532-6.
Kneebone, G.T. (1963). Mathematical Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics: An Introductory Survey. Dover. str. 4. ISBN0-486-41712-3. »Mathematics ... is simply the study of abstract structures, or formal patterns of connectedness.«
James Franklin, "Aristotelian Realism" in Philosophy of Mathematics", ed. A.D. Irvine, p. 104. Elsevier (2009).
Dehaene, Stanislas; Dehaene-Lambertz, Ghislaine; Cohen, Laurent (Aug 1998). „Abstract representations of numbers in the animal and human brain”. Trends in Neuroscience21 (8): 355–361. DOI:10.1016/S0166-2236(98)01263-6. PMID9720604.
Dehaene, Stanislas; Dehaene-Lambertz, Ghislaine; Cohen, Laurent (Aug 1998). „Abstract representations of numbers in the animal and human brain”. Trends in Neuroscience21 (8): 355–361. DOI:10.1016/S0166-2236(98)01263-6. PMID9720604.
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„mathematics, n.”. Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 2012. Pristupljeno June 16, 2012. »The science of space, number, quantity, and arrangement, whose methods involve logical reasoning and usually the use of symbolic notation, and which includes geometry, arithmetic, algebra, and analysis.«
