African Americans (Simple English Wikipedia)

Tareen, Sophia (July 12, 2020). "Pandemic, racism compound worries about Black suicide rate". The Denver Post. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.

doi.org

Zakharia, Fouad; Basu, Analabha; Absher, Devin; Assimes, Themistocles L.; Go, Alan S.; Hlatky, Mark A.; Iribarren, Carlos; Knowles, Joshua W.; Li, Jun; Narasimhan, Balasubramanian; Sidney, Steven; Southwick, Audrey; Myers, Richard M.; Quertermous, Thomas; Risch, Neil; Tang, Hua (December 22, 2009). "Characterizing the admixed African ancestry of African Americans". Genome Biology. 10 (12): R141. doi:10.1186/gb-2009-10-12-r141. PMC 2812948. PMID 20025784.
Bryc, Katarzyna; Auton, Adam; Nelson, Matthew R.; Oksenberg, Jorge R.; Hauser, Stephen L.; Williams, Scott; Froment, Alain; Bodo, Jean-Marie; Wambebe, Charles; Tishkoff, Sarah A.; Bustamante, Carlos D. (January 12, 2010). "Genome-wide patterns of population structure and admixture in West Africans and African Americans". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (2): 786–791. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107..786B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0909559107. PMC 2818934. PMID 20080753.
Bryc, Katarzyna; Durand, Eric Y.; Macpherson, J. Michael; Reich, David; Mountain, Joanna L. (January 8, 2015). "The genetic ancestry of African Americans, Latinos, and European Americans across the United States". American Journal of Human Genetics. 96 (1): 37–53. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.11.010. ISSN 1537-6605. PMC 4289685. PMID 25529636.
Baharian, Soheil; Barakatt, Maxime; Gignoux, Christopher R.; Shringarpure, Suyash; Errington, Jacob; Blot, William J.; Bustamante, Carlos D.; Kenny, Eimear E.; Williams, Scott M.; Aldrich, Melinda C.; Gravel, Simon (May 27, 2016). "The Great Migration and African-American Genomic Diversity". PLOS Genetics. 12 (5): e1006059. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006059. ISSN 1553-7404. PMC 4883799. PMID 27232753. S2CID 10501185.
Noonan, Allan S.; Velasco-Mondragon, Hector Eduardo; Wagner, Fernando A. (October 3, 2016). "Improving the health of African Americans in the USA: an overdue opportunity for social justice". Public Health Reviews. 37 (1): 12. doi:10.1186/s40985-016-0025-4. ISSN 2107-6952. PMC 5810013. PMID 29450054.

encyclopediaofalabama.org

Hebert, Keith S. (August 2, 2017). "Slavery". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Alabama Humanities Alliance. Archived from the original on July 14, 2021. Retrieved July 12, 2021.

encyclopediaofarkansas.net

"Encyclopedia of Arkansas". Encyclopedia of Arkansas.

endhomelessness.org

"Racial Inequalities in Homelessness, by the Numbers". National Alliance to End Homelessness.

google.com

My Grandmother's Deep South Soul Food Cookbook Volume 2.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Bryc, Katarzyna; Auton, Adam; Nelson, Matthew R.; Oksenberg, Jorge R.; Hauser, Stephen L.; Williams, Scott; Froment, Alain; Bodo, Jean-Marie; Wambebe, Charles; Tishkoff, Sarah A.; Bustamante, Carlos D. (January 12, 2010). "Genome-wide patterns of population structure and admixture in West Africans and African Americans". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (2): 786–791. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107..786B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0909559107. PMC 2818934. PMID 20080753.

heart.org

"High Blood Pressure Among Black People". www.heart.org.

hhs.gov

minorityhealth.hhs.gov

https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/blackafrican-american-health. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

history.com

"Black History Milestones: Timeline". HISTORY. A&E Television Networks, LLC. October 14, 2009. Archived from the original on August 4, 2020. Retrieved August 10, 2020.
"Sharecropping". HISTORY. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 10, 2020.
"A Look Back at Segregation in the United States". HISTORY. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 10, 2020.

infoplease.com

"Top 10 Cities with Highest African American Population of 100,000 or more people". infoplease.com. Archived from the original on August 19, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
"African American Holidays: Kwanzaa, Juneteenth, Martin Luther King Jr. Day". www.infoplease.com.

litwi.org

"Colorism Among the Black Community".

loc.gov

memory.loc.gov

"African American Odyssey: Free Blacks in the Antebellum Period (Part 1)". memory.loc.gov. Archived from the original on September 19, 2020. Retrieved August 10, 2020.

lonelyplanet.com

"National Museum of African American History & Culture | Washington, DC, USA | Attractions". Lonely Planet.

naacp.org

"History of Lynching in America".

nationalgeographic.com

"How slavery flourished in the United States in charts and maps". Culture. August 23, 2019.
"In 1619 enslaved Africans first arrived in colonial Virginia. Here's the history". History. August 13, 2019.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Zakharia, Fouad; Basu, Analabha; Absher, Devin; Assimes, Themistocles L.; Go, Alan S.; Hlatky, Mark A.; Iribarren, Carlos; Knowles, Joshua W.; Li, Jun; Narasimhan, Balasubramanian; Sidney, Steven; Southwick, Audrey; Myers, Richard M.; Quertermous, Thomas; Risch, Neil; Tang, Hua (December 22, 2009). "Characterizing the admixed African ancestry of African Americans". Genome Biology. 10 (12): R141. doi:10.1186/gb-2009-10-12-r141. PMC 2812948. PMID 20025784.
Bryc, Katarzyna; Auton, Adam; Nelson, Matthew R.; Oksenberg, Jorge R.; Hauser, Stephen L.; Williams, Scott; Froment, Alain; Bodo, Jean-Marie; Wambebe, Charles; Tishkoff, Sarah A.; Bustamante, Carlos D. (January 12, 2010). "Genome-wide patterns of population structure and admixture in West Africans and African Americans". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (2): 786–791. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107..786B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0909559107. PMC 2818934. PMID 20080753.
Bryc, Katarzyna; Durand, Eric Y.; Macpherson, J. Michael; Reich, David; Mountain, Joanna L. (January 8, 2015). "The genetic ancestry of African Americans, Latinos, and European Americans across the United States". American Journal of Human Genetics. 96 (1): 37–53. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.11.010. ISSN 1537-6605. PMC 4289685. PMID 25529636.
Baharian, Soheil; Barakatt, Maxime; Gignoux, Christopher R.; Shringarpure, Suyash; Errington, Jacob; Blot, William J.; Bustamante, Carlos D.; Kenny, Eimear E.; Williams, Scott M.; Aldrich, Melinda C.; Gravel, Simon (May 27, 2016). "The Great Migration and African-American Genomic Diversity". PLOS Genetics. 12 (5): e1006059. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006059. ISSN 1553-7404. PMC 4883799. PMID 27232753. S2CID 10501185.
Noonan, Allan S.; Velasco-Mondragon, Hector Eduardo; Wagner, Fernando A. (October 3, 2016). "Improving the health of African Americans in the USA: an overdue opportunity for social justice". Public Health Reviews. 37 (1): 12. doi:10.1186/s40985-016-0025-4. ISSN 2107-6952. PMC 5810013. PMID 29450054.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Zakharia, Fouad; Basu, Analabha; Absher, Devin; Assimes, Themistocles L.; Go, Alan S.; Hlatky, Mark A.; Iribarren, Carlos; Knowles, Joshua W.; Li, Jun; Narasimhan, Balasubramanian; Sidney, Steven; Southwick, Audrey; Myers, Richard M.; Quertermous, Thomas; Risch, Neil; Tang, Hua (December 22, 2009). "Characterizing the admixed African ancestry of African Americans". Genome Biology. 10 (12): R141. doi:10.1186/gb-2009-10-12-r141. PMC 2812948. PMID 20025784.
Bryc, Katarzyna; Auton, Adam; Nelson, Matthew R.; Oksenberg, Jorge R.; Hauser, Stephen L.; Williams, Scott; Froment, Alain; Bodo, Jean-Marie; Wambebe, Charles; Tishkoff, Sarah A.; Bustamante, Carlos D. (January 12, 2010). "Genome-wide patterns of population structure and admixture in West Africans and African Americans". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (2): 786–791. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107..786B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0909559107. PMC 2818934. PMID 20080753.
Bryc, Katarzyna; Durand, Eric Y.; Macpherson, J. Michael; Reich, David; Mountain, Joanna L. (January 8, 2015). "The genetic ancestry of African Americans, Latinos, and European Americans across the United States". American Journal of Human Genetics. 96 (1): 37–53. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.11.010. ISSN 1537-6605. PMC 4289685. PMID 25529636.
Baharian, Soheil; Barakatt, Maxime; Gignoux, Christopher R.; Shringarpure, Suyash; Errington, Jacob; Blot, William J.; Bustamante, Carlos D.; Kenny, Eimear E.; Williams, Scott M.; Aldrich, Melinda C.; Gravel, Simon (May 27, 2016). "The Great Migration and African-American Genomic Diversity". PLOS Genetics. 12 (5): e1006059. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006059. ISSN 1553-7404. PMC 4883799. PMID 27232753. S2CID 10501185.
Noonan, Allan S.; Velasco-Mondragon, Hector Eduardo; Wagner, Fernando A. (October 3, 2016). "Improving the health of African Americans in the USA: an overdue opportunity for social justice". Public Health Reviews. 37 (1): 12. doi:10.1186/s40985-016-0025-4. ISSN 2107-6952. PMC 5810013. PMID 29450054.

pbs.org

"The Historical Origins and Development of Racism".
"Fewer Black people receiving monkeypox vaccine doses compared to general public, CDC says". PBS NewsHour. August 26, 2022.

pewforum.org

"Religious tradition by race/ethnicity (2014)". The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved April 5, 2019.

pewresearch.org

Greenwood, Shannon (March 25, 2021). "The Growing Diversity of Black America".
Mitchell, Travis (February 16, 2021). "Faith Among Black Americans".
Gramlich, John. "Safety concerns were top of mind for many Black Americans before Buffalo shooting".

politifact.com

Stirgus, Eric (June 28, 2011). "PolitiFact - Who's right? Cities lay claim to civil rights "cradle" mantle". PolitiFact. Poynter Institute 2020. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved May 17, 2012.

pressbooks.pub

fscj.pressbooks.pub

"Language – African American History and Culture".

researchgate.net

"Changing Patterns of Interracial Marriage in a Multiracial Society".

sanantonioreport.org

"How the Eastside Became Home to San Antonio's Black Community". San Antonio Report. January 15, 2018. Archived from the original on January 21, 2021. Retrieved December 14, 2020.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Baharian, Soheil; Barakatt, Maxime; Gignoux, Christopher R.; Shringarpure, Suyash; Errington, Jacob; Blot, William J.; Bustamante, Carlos D.; Kenny, Eimear E.; Williams, Scott M.; Aldrich, Melinda C.; Gravel, Simon (May 27, 2016). "The Great Migration and African-American Genomic Diversity". PLOS Genetics. 12 (5): e1006059. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006059. ISSN 1553-7404. PMC 4883799. PMID 27232753. S2CID 10501185.

smithsonianmag.com

Magazine, Smithsonian. "The Changing Definition of African-American". Smithsonian Magazine.
Wilkerson, Isabel. "The Long-Lasting Legacy of the Great Migration". Smithsonian Magazine. Archived from the original on February 15, 2020. Retrieved August 10, 2020.

stlamerican.com

Nadal, Cecilia (April 12, 2017). "The Irish and African-American Connection". St. Louis American. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.

supremecourt.gov

"Interracial marriage: Who is 'marrying out'?" (PDF).

theroot.com

Gates Jr, Henry Louis (February 2, 2013). "Exactly How 'Black' Is Black America?". The Root. Archived from the original on August 14, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.

thestoryoftexas.com

"The African American Story | Texas State History Museum". thestoryoftexas.com. Archived from the original on May 7, 2021. Retrieved May 30, 2021.

ucla.edu

williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu

"Black LGBT Adults in the US". Williams Institute.

udel.edu

www1.udel.edu

Newton, James E. (June 27, 1997). "Black Americans in Delaware: An Overview". www1.udel.edu. University of Delaware. Archived from the original on September 27, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.

urbanhabitat.org

"African Americans Moving South— and to the Suburbs" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 16, 2022. Retrieved August 16, 2022.

usatoday.com

Forson, Tracy Scott (February 22, 2018). "Who is an 'African American'? Definition evolves as USA does". USA Today. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.

ushistory.org

"Slave Life and Slave Codes [ushistory.org]". www.ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association in Philadelphia. Archived from the original on October 22, 2020. Retrieved August 10, 2020.

usnews.com

US Black Population: the Biggest Growth Is in Smaller Cities

vox.com

"Black and white Americans use drugs at similar rates. One group is punished more for it". www.vox.com. March 17, 2015.

washingtonpost.com

https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/06/03/how-us-census-ignores-afro-latinos/

web.archive.org

https://census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html Archived 2021-10-07 at the Wayback Machine. 2020 U.S. Census
"Religious tradition by race/ethnicity (2014)". The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved April 5, 2019.
"Top 10 Cities with Highest African American Population of 100,000 or more people". infoplease.com. Archived from the original on August 19, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
Forson, Tracy Scott (February 22, 2018). "Who is an 'African American'? Definition evolves as USA does". USA Today. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
Hebert, Keith S. (August 2, 2017). "Slavery". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Alabama Humanities Alliance. Archived from the original on July 14, 2021. Retrieved July 12, 2021.
Stirgus, Eric (June 28, 2011). "PolitiFact - Who's right? Cities lay claim to civil rights "cradle" mantle". PolitiFact. Poynter Institute 2020. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
Newton, James E. (June 27, 1997). "Black Americans in Delaware: An Overview". www1.udel.edu. University of Delaware. Archived from the original on September 27, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
"Georgia QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau". Quickfacts.census.gov. 2011. Archived from the original on June 22, 2015. Retrieved January 20, 2014.
"The African American Story | Texas State History Museum". thestoryoftexas.com. Archived from the original on May 7, 2021. Retrieved May 30, 2021.
Frey, William H. (May 2004). The New Great Migration: Black Americans' Return to the South, 1965–2000 (Report). The Brookings Institution. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 28, 2008.
"Texas – BlackDemographics.com". Archived from the original on May 13, 2019. Retrieved July 15, 2021.
"How the Eastside Became Home to San Antonio's Black Community". San Antonio Report. January 15, 2018. Archived from the original on January 21, 2021. Retrieved December 14, 2020.
"African Americans Moving South— and to the Suburbs" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 16, 2022. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
Gates Jr, Henry Louis (February 2, 2013). "Exactly How 'Black' Is Black America?". The Root. Archived from the original on August 14, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
Nadal, Cecilia (April 12, 2017). "The Irish and African-American Connection". St. Louis American. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
"Black History Milestones: Timeline". HISTORY. A&E Television Networks, LLC. October 14, 2009. Archived from the original on August 4, 2020. Retrieved August 10, 2020.
"Slave Life and Slave Codes [ushistory.org]". www.ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association in Philadelphia. Archived from the original on October 22, 2020. Retrieved August 10, 2020.
"African American Odyssey: Free Blacks in the Antebellum Period (Part 1)". memory.loc.gov. Archived from the original on September 19, 2020. Retrieved August 10, 2020.
"Sharecropping". HISTORY. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 10, 2020.
Wilkerson, Isabel. "The Long-Lasting Legacy of the Great Migration". Smithsonian Magazine. Archived from the original on February 15, 2020. Retrieved August 10, 2020.
"A Look Back at Segregation in the United States". HISTORY. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 10, 2020.
Tareen, Sophia (July 12, 2020). "Pandemic, racism compound worries about Black suicide rate". The Denver Post. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.

worldatlas.com

"Largest Ethnic Groups And Nationalities In The United States". WorldAtlas. July 18, 2019.

worldcat.org

Bryc, Katarzyna; Durand, Eric Y.; Macpherson, J. Michael; Reich, David; Mountain, Joanna L. (January 8, 2015). "The genetic ancestry of African Americans, Latinos, and European Americans across the United States". American Journal of Human Genetics. 96 (1): 37–53. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.11.010. ISSN 1537-6605. PMC 4289685. PMID 25529636.
Baharian, Soheil; Barakatt, Maxime; Gignoux, Christopher R.; Shringarpure, Suyash; Errington, Jacob; Blot, William J.; Bustamante, Carlos D.; Kenny, Eimear E.; Williams, Scott M.; Aldrich, Melinda C.; Gravel, Simon (May 27, 2016). "The Great Migration and African-American Genomic Diversity". PLOS Genetics. 12 (5): e1006059. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006059. ISSN 1553-7404. PMC 4883799. PMID 27232753. S2CID 10501185.
Noonan, Allan S.; Velasco-Mondragon, Hector Eduardo; Wagner, Fernando A. (October 3, 2016). "Improving the health of African Americans in the USA: an overdue opportunity for social justice". Public Health Reviews. 37 (1): 12. doi:10.1186/s40985-016-0025-4. ISSN 2107-6952. PMC 5810013. PMID 29450054.