Universe (Simple English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Universe" in Simple English language version.

Last modified: 08:10:14, 13 August 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

Global rank Simple English rank

1010doi.org

2^nd place

1010adsabs.harvard.edu

14^th place

17^th place

88semanticscholar.org

15^th place

11^th place

77nasa.gov

12^th place

39^th place

66arxiv.org

49^th place

69^th place

55archive.org

6^th place

3^rd place

44nih.gov

5^th place

22nytimes.com

7^th place

8^th place

22worldcat.org

4^th place

6^th place

22web.archive.org

1^st place

22ucla.edu

885^th place

571^st place

11yourdictionary.com

6,318^th place

1,225^th place

11reference.com

1,491^st place

265^th place

11merriam-webster.com

425^th place

74^th place

11sciam.com

9,421^st place

2,416^th place

11esa.int

1,073^rd place

677^th place

11swin.edu.au

low place

2,564^th place

11anu.edu.au

514^th place

241^st place

11space.com

862^nd place

400^th place

11sciencemag.org

1,019^th place

248^th place

11pparc.ac.uk

low place

11astronomynotes.com

low place

11faqs.org

7,483^rd place

2,766^th place

11hubblesite.org

6,472^nd place

2,166^th place

11bbc.co.uk

11^th place

9^th place

11wired.co.uk

3,046^th place

2,377^th place

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; Simple English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Ellis G.F.R; Kirchner U. & Stoeger W.R. 2004 (2004). "Multiverses and physical cosmology". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 347 (3): 921–936. arXiv:astro-ph/0305292. Bibcode:2004MNRAS.347..921E. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07261.x. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119028830.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
I. Ribas; et al. (2005). "First Determination of the Distance and Fundamental Properties of an Eclipsing Binary in the Andromeda Galaxy". Astrophysical Journal. 635 (1): L37–L40. arXiv:astro-ph/0511045. Bibcode:2005ApJ...635L..37R. doi:10.1086/499161. S2CID 119522151.
McConnachie A.W.; et al. (2005). "Distances and metallicities for 17 Local Group galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 356 (4): 979–997. arXiv:astro-ph/0410489. Bibcode:2005MNRAS.356..979M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08514.x.
N. Mandolesi P.; et al. (1986). "Large-scale homogeneity of the Universe measured by the microwave background". Letters to Nature. 319 (6056): 751–753. Bibcode:1986Natur.319..751M. doi:10.1038/319751a0. S2CID 4349689.
Bennett, C.L.; et al. (2013). "Nine-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe ( Wmap ) Observations: Final Maps and Results". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 208 (2): 20. arXiv:1212.5225. Bibcode:2013ApJS..208...20B. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/208/2/20. S2CID 119271232.
Wright E.L. (2005). "Age of the Universe". UCLA. Retrieved 2007-01-08.
Krauss L.M. & Chaboyer B. (2003). "Age Estimates of globular clusters in the Milky Way: constraints on cosmology". Science. 299 (5603). American Association for the Advancement of Science: 65–69. Bibcode:2003Sci...299...65K. doi:10.1126/science.1075631. PMID 12511641. S2CID 10814581. Retrieved 2007-01-08.
Wright, Edward L. (2004). "Big Bang Nucleosynthesis". UCLA. Retrieved 2007-01-05.
M. Harwit, M. Spaans (2003). "Chemical composition of the early Universe". The Astrophysical Journal. 589 (1): 53–57. arXiv:astro-ph/0302259. Bibcode:2003ApJ...589...53H. doi:10.1086/374415. S2CID 6723861.
C. Kobulnicky & E.D. Skillman (1997). "Chemical composition of the early Universe". Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 29: 1329. Bibcode:1997AAS...191.7603K.
Luminet, Jean-Pierre; Boudewijn F. Roukema (1999). "Topology of the Universe: theory and observations". Proceedings of Cosmology School held at Cargese, Corsica, August 1998. arXiv:astro-ph/9901364.
Luminet, J-P.; et al. (2003). "Dodecahedral space topology as an explanation for weak wide-angle temperature correlations in the cosmic microwave background". Nature. 425 (6958): 593–595. arXiv:astro-ph/0310253. Bibcode:2003Natur.425..593L. doi:10.1038/nature01944. PMID 14534579. S2CID 4380713.
Einstein, A (1931). "Zum kosmologischen Problem der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie". Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Physikalisch-mathematische Klasse. 1931: 235–237.
Albert Einstein; Willem de Sitter (1932). "On the relation between the expansion and the mean density of the Universe". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 18 (3): 213–214. Bibcode:1932PNAS...18..213E. doi:10.1073/pnas.18.3.213. PMC 1076193. PMID 16587663.

adsabs.harvard.edu

I. Ribas; et al. (2005). "First Determination of the Distance and Fundamental Properties of an Eclipsing Binary in the Andromeda Galaxy". Astrophysical Journal. 635 (1): L37–L40. arXiv:astro-ph/0511045. Bibcode:2005ApJ...635L..37R. doi:10.1086/499161. S2CID 119522151.
McConnachie A.W.; et al. (2005). "Distances and metallicities for 17 Local Group galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 356 (4): 979–997. arXiv:astro-ph/0410489. Bibcode:2005MNRAS.356..979M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08514.x.
Wright, Edward L. (2004). "Big Bang Nucleosynthesis". UCLA. Retrieved 2007-01-05.
M. Harwit, M. Spaans (2003). "Chemical composition of the early Universe". The Astrophysical Journal. 589 (1): 53–57. arXiv:astro-ph/0302259. Bibcode:2003ApJ...589...53H. doi:10.1086/374415. S2CID 6723861.
C. Kobulnicky & E.D. Skillman (1997). "Chemical composition of the early Universe". Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 29: 1329. Bibcode:1997AAS...191.7603K.

anu.edu.au (Global: 514^th place; Simple English: 241^st place)

info.anu.edu.au

"Star count: ANU Astronomer makes best yet". 2003-07-17. Retrieved 2010-02-19.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Simple English: 3^rd place)

Zeilik, Michael; Gregory, Stephen A. (1998). Introductory Astronomy & Astrophysics (4th ed.). Saunders College Publishing. ISBN 0030062284. The totality of all space and time; all that is, has been, and will be.
The Oxford companion to cosmology. Oxford University Press. 9 April 2009. ISBN 978-0-19-956084-4. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
Marov, Mikhail Ya. (2015). "The Structure of the Universe". The Fundamentals of Modern Astrophysics. pp. 279–294. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-8730-2_10. ISBN 978-1-4614-8729-6.
N. Mandolesi P.; et al. (1986). "Large-scale homogeneity of the Universe measured by the microwave background". Letters to Nature. 319 (6056): 751–753. Bibcode:1986Natur.319..751M. doi:10.1038/319751a0. S2CID 4349689.
Luminet, Jean-Pierre; Boudewijn F. Roukema (1999). "Topology of the Universe: theory and observations". Proceedings of Cosmology School held at Cargese, Corsica, August 1998. arXiv:astro-ph/9901364.
Luminet, J-P.; et al. (2003). "Dodecahedral space topology as an explanation for weak wide-angle temperature correlations in the cosmic microwave background". Nature. 425 (6958): 593–595. arXiv:astro-ph/0310253. Bibcode:2003Natur.425..593L. doi:10.1038/nature01944. PMID 14534579. S2CID 4380713.

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; Simple English: 69^th place)

Ellis G.F.R; Kirchner U. & Stoeger W.R. 2004 (2004). "Multiverses and physical cosmology". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 347 (3): 921–936. arXiv:astro-ph/0305292. Bibcode:2004MNRAS.347..921E. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07261.x. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119028830.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
I. Ribas; et al. (2005). "First Determination of the Distance and Fundamental Properties of an Eclipsing Binary in the Andromeda Galaxy". Astrophysical Journal. 635 (1): L37–L40. arXiv:astro-ph/0511045. Bibcode:2005ApJ...635L..37R. doi:10.1086/499161. S2CID 119522151.
McConnachie A.W.; et al. (2005). "Distances and metallicities for 17 Local Group galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 356 (4): 979–997. arXiv:astro-ph/0410489. Bibcode:2005MNRAS.356..979M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08514.x.
Planck Collaboration (2013). "Planck2013 results. I. Overview of products and scientific results". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 571: A1. arXiv:1303.5062. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321529. S2CID 218716838.
Bennett, C.L.; et al. (2013). "Nine-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe ( Wmap ) Observations: Final Maps and Results". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 208 (2): 20. arXiv:1212.5225. Bibcode:2013ApJS..208...20B. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/208/2/20. S2CID 119271232.
Wright, Edward L. (2004). "Big Bang Nucleosynthesis". UCLA. Retrieved 2007-01-05.
M. Harwit, M. Spaans (2003). "Chemical composition of the early Universe". The Astrophysical Journal. 589 (1): 53–57. arXiv:astro-ph/0302259. Bibcode:2003ApJ...589...53H. doi:10.1086/374415. S2CID 6723861.
C. Kobulnicky & E.D. Skillman (1997). "Chemical composition of the early Universe". Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 29: 1329. Bibcode:1997AAS...191.7603K.
Luminet, Jean-Pierre; Boudewijn F. Roukema (1999). "Topology of the Universe: theory and observations". Proceedings of Cosmology School held at Cargese, Corsica, August 1998. arXiv:astro-ph/9901364.
Luminet, J-P.; et al. (2003). "Dodecahedral space topology as an explanation for weak wide-angle temperature correlations in the cosmic microwave background". Nature. 425 (6958): 593–595. arXiv:astro-ph/0310253. Bibcode:2003Natur.425..593L. doi:10.1038/nature01944. PMID 14534579. S2CID 4380713.

astronomynotes.com (Global: low place; Simple English: low place)

Strobel, Nick (May 23, 2001). "The composition of stars". Astronomy Notes. Retrieved 2007-01-04.
"Have physical constants changed with time?". Astrophysics (Astronomy Frequently Asked Questions). Retrieved 2007-01-04.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; Simple English: 9^th place)

news.bbc.co.uk

BBC News story: Evidence that dark energy is the cosmological constant

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Simple English: 2^nd place)

Ellis G.F.R; Kirchner U. & Stoeger W.R. 2004 (2004). "Multiverses and physical cosmology". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 347 (3): 921–936. arXiv:astro-ph/0305292. Bibcode:2004MNRAS.347..921E. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07261.x. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119028830.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
I. Ribas; et al. (2005). "First Determination of the Distance and Fundamental Properties of an Eclipsing Binary in the Andromeda Galaxy". Astrophysical Journal. 635 (1): L37–L40. arXiv:astro-ph/0511045. Bibcode:2005ApJ...635L..37R. doi:10.1086/499161. S2CID 119522151.
McConnachie A.W.; et al. (2005). "Distances and metallicities for 17 Local Group galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 356 (4): 979–997. arXiv:astro-ph/0410489. Bibcode:2005MNRAS.356..979M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08514.x.
Marov, Mikhail Ya. (2015). "The Structure of the Universe". The Fundamentals of Modern Astrophysics. pp. 279–294. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-8730-2_10. ISBN 978-1-4614-8729-6.
N. Mandolesi P.; et al. (1986). "Large-scale homogeneity of the Universe measured by the microwave background". Letters to Nature. 319 (6056): 751–753. Bibcode:1986Natur.319..751M. doi:10.1038/319751a0. S2CID 4349689.
Planck Collaboration (2013). "Planck2013 results. I. Overview of products and scientific results". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 571: A1. arXiv:1303.5062. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321529. S2CID 218716838.
Bennett, C.L.; et al. (2013). "Nine-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe ( Wmap ) Observations: Final Maps and Results". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 208 (2): 20. arXiv:1212.5225. Bibcode:2013ApJS..208...20B. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/208/2/20. S2CID 119271232.
Wright E.L. (2005). "Age of the Universe". UCLA. Retrieved 2007-01-08.
Krauss L.M. & Chaboyer B. (2003). "Age Estimates of globular clusters in the Milky Way: constraints on cosmology". Science. 299 (5603). American Association for the Advancement of Science: 65–69. Bibcode:2003Sci...299...65K. doi:10.1126/science.1075631. PMID 12511641. S2CID 10814581. Retrieved 2007-01-08.
Wright, Edward L. (2004). "Big Bang Nucleosynthesis". UCLA. Retrieved 2007-01-05.
M. Harwit, M. Spaans (2003). "Chemical composition of the early Universe". The Astrophysical Journal. 589 (1): 53–57. arXiv:astro-ph/0302259. Bibcode:2003ApJ...589...53H. doi:10.1086/374415. S2CID 6723861.
C. Kobulnicky & E.D. Skillman (1997). "Chemical composition of the early Universe". Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 29: 1329. Bibcode:1997AAS...191.7603K.
Luminet, Jean-Pierre; Boudewijn F. Roukema (1999). "Topology of the Universe: theory and observations". Proceedings of Cosmology School held at Cargese, Corsica, August 1998. arXiv:astro-ph/9901364.
Luminet, J-P.; et al. (2003). "Dodecahedral space topology as an explanation for weak wide-angle temperature correlations in the cosmic microwave background". Nature. 425 (6958): 593–595. arXiv:astro-ph/0310253. Bibcode:2003Natur.425..593L. doi:10.1038/nature01944. PMID 14534579. S2CID 4380713.
Einstein, A (1931). "Zum kosmologischen Problem der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie". Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Physikalisch-mathematische Klasse. 1931: 235–237.
Albert Einstein; Willem de Sitter (1932). "On the relation between the expansion and the mean density of the Universe". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 18 (3): 213–214. Bibcode:1932PNAS...18..213E. doi:10.1073/pnas.18.3.213. PMC 1076193. PMID 16587663.

esa.int (Global: 1,073^rd place; Simple English: 677^th place)

Staff (2019). "How Many Stars Are There In The Universe?". European Space Agency. Retrieved 21 September 2019.

faqs.org (Global: 7,483^rd place; Simple English: 2,766^th place)

Strobel, Nick (May 23, 2001). "The composition of stars". Astronomy Notes. Retrieved 2007-01-04.
"Have physical constants changed with time?". Astrophysics (Astronomy Frequently Asked Questions). Retrieved 2007-01-04.

hubblesite.org (Global: 6,472^nd place; Simple English: 2,166^th place)

Hubble Telescope news release

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425^th place; Simple English: 74^th place)

"Universe". Merriam-Webster Dictionary.

nasa.gov (Global: 12^th place; Simple English: 39^th place)

map.gsfc.nasa.gov

Hinshaw, Gary (February 10, 2006). "What is the Universe made of?". NASA WMAP. Retrieved 2007-01-04.
WMAP Mission: Results – Age of the Universe
"WMAP- Shape of the Universe". map.gsfc.nasa.gov. 26 September 2025.
"WMAP- Fate of the Universe". map.gsfc.nasa.gov. 26 September 2025.

imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov

Christian, Eric; Samar, Safi-Harb. "How large is the Milky Way?". Retrieved 2007-11-28.

nasa.gov

"Hubble's largest galaxy portrait offers a new high-definition view". NASA. 2006-02-28. Retrieved 2007-01-03.

lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov

"Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Data Processing, Sky Maps, and Basic Results" (PDF). nasa.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-04-10. Retrieved 2008-03-06.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; Simple English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Wright E.L. (2005). "Age of the Universe". UCLA. Retrieved 2007-01-08.
Krauss L.M. & Chaboyer B. (2003). "Age Estimates of globular clusters in the Milky Way: constraints on cosmology". Science. 299 (5603). American Association for the Advancement of Science: 65–69. Bibcode:2003Sci...299...65K. doi:10.1126/science.1075631. PMID 12511641. S2CID 10814581. Retrieved 2007-01-08.
Luminet, Jean-Pierre; Boudewijn F. Roukema (1999). "Topology of the Universe: theory and observations". Proceedings of Cosmology School held at Cargese, Corsica, August 1998. arXiv:astro-ph/9901364.
Luminet, J-P.; et al. (2003). "Dodecahedral space topology as an explanation for weak wide-angle temperature correlations in the cosmic microwave background". Nature. 425 (6958): 593–595. arXiv:astro-ph/0310253. Bibcode:2003Natur.425..593L. doi:10.1038/nature01944. PMID 14534579. S2CID 4380713.
Einstein, A (1931). "Zum kosmologischen Problem der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie". Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Physikalisch-mathematische Klasse. 1931: 235–237.
Albert Einstein; Willem de Sitter (1932). "On the relation between the expansion and the mean density of the Universe". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 18 (3): 213–214. Bibcode:1932PNAS...18..213E. doi:10.1073/pnas.18.3.213. PMC 1076193. PMID 16587663.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Einstein, A (1931). "Zum kosmologischen Problem der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie". Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Physikalisch-mathematische Klasse. 1931: 235–237.
Albert Einstein; Willem de Sitter (1932). "On the relation between the expansion and the mean density of the Universe". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 18 (3): 213–214. Bibcode:1932PNAS...18..213E. doi:10.1073/pnas.18.3.213. PMC 1076193. PMID 16587663.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; Simple English: 8^th place)

Chang, Kenneth (2008-03-09). "Gauging Age of Universe Becomes More Precise". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-09-24.
Fountain, Henry (17 October 2016). "Two trillion galaxies, at the very least". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 October 2016.

pparc.ac.uk (Global: low place; Simple English: low place)

"Antimatter". Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council. October 28, 2003. Archived from the original on 2004-03-07. Retrieved 2006-08-10.

reference.com (Global: 1,491^st place; Simple English: 265^th place)

dictionary.reference.com

"Universe". Dictionary.com.

sciam.com (Global: 9,421^st place; Simple English: 2,416^th place)

Lineweaver, Charles; Tamara M. Davis (2005). "Misconceptions about the Big Bang". Scientific American. Retrieved 2007-03-05.

sciencemag.org (Global: 1,019^th place; Simple English: 248^th place)

Wright E.L. (2005). "Age of the Universe". UCLA. Retrieved 2007-01-08.
Krauss L.M. & Chaboyer B. (2003). "Age Estimates of globular clusters in the Milky Way: constraints on cosmology". Science. 299 (5603). American Association for the Advancement of Science: 65–69. Bibcode:2003Sci...299...65K. doi:10.1126/science.1075631. PMID 12511641. S2CID 10814581. Retrieved 2007-01-08.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; Simple English: 11^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Ellis G.F.R; Kirchner U. & Stoeger W.R. 2004 (2004). "Multiverses and physical cosmology". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 347 (3): 921–936. arXiv:astro-ph/0305292. Bibcode:2004MNRAS.347..921E. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07261.x. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119028830.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
I. Ribas; et al. (2005). "First Determination of the Distance and Fundamental Properties of an Eclipsing Binary in the Andromeda Galaxy". Astrophysical Journal. 635 (1): L37–L40. arXiv:astro-ph/0511045. Bibcode:2005ApJ...635L..37R. doi:10.1086/499161. S2CID 119522151.
McConnachie A.W.; et al. (2005). "Distances and metallicities for 17 Local Group galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 356 (4): 979–997. arXiv:astro-ph/0410489. Bibcode:2005MNRAS.356..979M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08514.x.
N. Mandolesi P.; et al. (1986). "Large-scale homogeneity of the Universe measured by the microwave background". Letters to Nature. 319 (6056): 751–753. Bibcode:1986Natur.319..751M. doi:10.1038/319751a0. S2CID 4349689.
Planck Collaboration (2013). "Planck2013 results. I. Overview of products and scientific results". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 571: A1. arXiv:1303.5062. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321529. S2CID 218716838.
Bennett, C.L.; et al. (2013). "Nine-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe ( Wmap ) Observations: Final Maps and Results". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 208 (2): 20. arXiv:1212.5225. Bibcode:2013ApJS..208...20B. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/208/2/20. S2CID 119271232.
Wright E.L. (2005). "Age of the Universe". UCLA. Retrieved 2007-01-08.
Krauss L.M. & Chaboyer B. (2003). "Age Estimates of globular clusters in the Milky Way: constraints on cosmology". Science. 299 (5603). American Association for the Advancement of Science: 65–69. Bibcode:2003Sci...299...65K. doi:10.1126/science.1075631. PMID 12511641. S2CID 10814581. Retrieved 2007-01-08.
Wright, Edward L. (2004). "Big Bang Nucleosynthesis". UCLA. Retrieved 2007-01-05.
M. Harwit, M. Spaans (2003). "Chemical composition of the early Universe". The Astrophysical Journal. 589 (1): 53–57. arXiv:astro-ph/0302259. Bibcode:2003ApJ...589...53H. doi:10.1086/374415. S2CID 6723861.
C. Kobulnicky & E.D. Skillman (1997). "Chemical composition of the early Universe". Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 29: 1329. Bibcode:1997AAS...191.7603K.
Luminet, Jean-Pierre; Boudewijn F. Roukema (1999). "Topology of the Universe: theory and observations". Proceedings of Cosmology School held at Cargese, Corsica, August 1998. arXiv:astro-ph/9901364.
Luminet, J-P.; et al. (2003). "Dodecahedral space topology as an explanation for weak wide-angle temperature correlations in the cosmic microwave background". Nature. 425 (6958): 593–595. arXiv:astro-ph/0310253. Bibcode:2003Natur.425..593L. doi:10.1038/nature01944. PMID 14534579. S2CID 4380713.

space.com (Global: 862^nd place; Simple English: 400^th place)

Britt RR (2003-01-03). "Age of Universe revised, again". space.com. Retrieved 2007-01-08.

swin.edu.au (Global: low place; Simple English: 2,564^th place)

astronomy.swin.edu.au

Mackie, Glen (1 February 2002). "To see the Universe in a grain of sand". Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing. Retrieved 28 January 2017.

ucla.edu (Global: 885^th place; Simple English: 571^st place)

astro.ucla.edu

Wright E.L. (2005). "Age of the Universe". UCLA. Retrieved 2007-01-08.
Krauss L.M. & Chaboyer B. (2003). "Age Estimates of globular clusters in the Milky Way: constraints on cosmology". Science. 299 (5603). American Association for the Advancement of Science: 65–69. Bibcode:2003Sci...299...65K. doi:10.1126/science.1075631. PMID 12511641. S2CID 10814581. Retrieved 2007-01-08.
Wright, Edward L. (2004). "Big Bang Nucleosynthesis". UCLA. Retrieved 2007-01-05.
M. Harwit, M. Spaans (2003). "Chemical composition of the early Universe". The Astrophysical Journal. 589 (1): 53–57. arXiv:astro-ph/0302259. Bibcode:2003ApJ...589...53H. doi:10.1086/374415. S2CID 6723861.
C. Kobulnicky & E.D. Skillman (1997). "Chemical composition of the early Universe". Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 29: 1329. Bibcode:1997AAS...191.7603K.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Simple English: 1^st place)

"Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Data Processing, Sky Maps, and Basic Results" (PDF). nasa.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-04-10. Retrieved 2008-03-06.
"Antimatter". Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council. October 28, 2003. Archived from the original on 2004-03-07. Retrieved 2006-08-10.

wired.co.uk (Global: 3,046^th place; Simple English: 2,377^th place)

Woollaston, Victoria (2016-10-10). "A big freeze, rip or crunch: how will the universe end?". Wired UK. ISSN 1357-0978. Retrieved 2019-03-15.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; Simple English: 6^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Ellis G.F.R; Kirchner U. & Stoeger W.R. 2004 (2004). "Multiverses and physical cosmology". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 347 (3): 921–936. arXiv:astro-ph/0305292. Bibcode:2004MNRAS.347..921E. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07261.x. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119028830.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Woollaston, Victoria (2016-10-10). "A big freeze, rip or crunch: how will the universe end?". Wired UK. ISSN 1357-0978. Retrieved 2019-03-15.

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Universe. 2010. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

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