Nahrawi Abdus Salam Al-Indunisi, Ahmad (2008). Ahmad Nahrawi, Amirah (ed.). Ensiklopedia Imam Syafi'i (Dr.) (in Indonesian). Translated by Usman Sya'roni. Koja, North Jakarta, Indonesia: Jakarta Islamic Centre. p. 697. ISBN 9789791142199. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
Nahrawi Abdus Salam Al-Indunisi, Ahmad (2008). Ahmad Nahrawi, Amirah (ed.). Ensiklopedia Imam Syafi'i (Dr.) (in Indonesian). Translated by Usman Sya'roni. Koja, North Jakarta, Indonesia: Jakarta Islamic Centre. p. 697. ISBN 9789791142199. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
jstor.org
Williams, Wesley (August 2002). "Aspects of the Creed of Imam Ahmad IBN Hanbal: A Study of Anthropomorphism in Early Islamic Discourse". International Journal of Middle East Studies. Cambridge University Press. 34 (3): 441–463. doi:10.1017/S0020743802003021. JSTOR 3879671. S2CID 162455371. Archived from the original on 2021-11-07. Retrieved 2021-11-05 – via JSTOR. He chose to treat the anthropomorphic descriptions of God found in the scriptures as muhkamat, admitting to only a literal meaning,.."
Williams, Wesley (August 2002). "Aspects of the Creed of Imam Ahmad IBN Hanbal: A Study of Anthropomorphism in Early Islamic Discourse". International Journal of Middle East Studies. Cambridge University Press. 34 (3): 441–463. doi:10.1017/S0020743802003021. JSTOR 3879671. S2CID 162455371. Archived from the original on 2021-11-07. Retrieved 2021-11-05 – via JSTOR."Scholars are almost unanimous in attributing to Ibn Hanbal the use of the ancient balkafa formula. Goldziher, Wensinck, Halkin, Laoust, Makdisi, Abrahamov, and Watt all find in the Imam an advocate of this mediating principle (balkafa), which reportedly allowed the traditionalists to deny the Mu'tazilite ta'wil or figurative interpretation of the Qur'anic anthropomorphisms while concomitantly affirming the doctrine of the "incorporeal, transcendent deity"... although he argued for the acceptance of the literal meaning of the Qur'anic and prophetic statements about God, he was no fideist.' The imam was quite willing to engage in hermeneutical exercise.. The rise of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal during the Mihna resulted in the empowering and centering of corporealist ideas within the Sunni movement. When his ideas became the criterion of traditionalist orthodoxy.."
Williams, Wesley (August 2002). "Aspects of the Creed of Imam Ahmad IBN Hanbal: A Study of Anthropomorphism in Early Islamic Discourse". International Journal of Middle East Studies. Cambridge University Press. 34 (3): 441–463. doi:10.1017/S0020743802003021. JSTOR 3879671. S2CID 162455371. Archived from the original on 2021-11-07. Retrieved 2021-11-05 – via JSTOR."Speculative theologians (mutakalliman) from among the Sunni fold, finding this theomorphism objectionable yet unwilling to impugn the authenticity of the report, preferred to interpret the "form" as belonging to something other than God, such as the pseudodivinities (macbadat)-that is, the sun, moon, and stars. Ibn Hanbal disagreed... It is likely that Ibn Hanbal recognized this sura as a true attribute of God.. He states in his Aqida V: "God created Adam with His hand and in His image/form"
Bearman, Bianquis, Bosworth, van Donzel, Heinrichs, P. , Th. , C.E. , E. , W.P. (1960). "Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal". In Laoust, Henri (ed.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill. ISBN 9789004161214. Arhivirano iz originala 2021-11-05. Dostopno 2021-11-05. Founder of one of the four major Sunnī schools, the Ḥanbalī, he was, through his disciple Ibn Taymiyya [q.v.], the distant progenitor of Wahhābism, and has inspired also in a certain degree the conservative reform movement of the Salafiyya."
Williams, Wesley (August 2002). "Aspects of the Creed of Imam Ahmad IBN Hanbal: A Study of Anthropomorphism in Early Islamic Discourse". International Journal of Middle East Studies. Cambridge University Press. 34 (3): 441–463. doi:10.1017/S0020743802003021. JSTOR 3879671. S2CID 162455371. Archived from the original on 2021-11-07. Retrieved 2021-11-05 – via JSTOR. He chose to treat the anthropomorphic descriptions of God found in the scriptures as muhkamat, admitting to only a literal meaning,.."
Williams, Wesley (August 2002). "Aspects of the Creed of Imam Ahmad IBN Hanbal: A Study of Anthropomorphism in Early Islamic Discourse". International Journal of Middle East Studies. Cambridge University Press. 34 (3): 441–463. doi:10.1017/S0020743802003021. JSTOR 3879671. S2CID 162455371. Archived from the original on 2021-11-07. Retrieved 2021-11-05 – via JSTOR."Scholars are almost unanimous in attributing to Ibn Hanbal the use of the ancient balkafa formula. Goldziher, Wensinck, Halkin, Laoust, Makdisi, Abrahamov, and Watt all find in the Imam an advocate of this mediating principle (balkafa), which reportedly allowed the traditionalists to deny the Mu'tazilite ta'wil or figurative interpretation of the Qur'anic anthropomorphisms while concomitantly affirming the doctrine of the "incorporeal, transcendent deity"... although he argued for the acceptance of the literal meaning of the Qur'anic and prophetic statements about God, he was no fideist.' The imam was quite willing to engage in hermeneutical exercise.. The rise of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal during the Mihna resulted in the empowering and centering of corporealist ideas within the Sunni movement. When his ideas became the criterion of traditionalist orthodoxy.."
Williams, Wesley (August 2002). "Aspects of the Creed of Imam Ahmad IBN Hanbal: A Study of Anthropomorphism in Early Islamic Discourse". International Journal of Middle East Studies. Cambridge University Press. 34 (3): 441–463. doi:10.1017/S0020743802003021. JSTOR 3879671. S2CID 162455371. Archived from the original on 2021-11-07. Retrieved 2021-11-05 – via JSTOR."Speculative theologians (mutakalliman) from among the Sunni fold, finding this theomorphism objectionable yet unwilling to impugn the authenticity of the report, preferred to interpret the "form" as belonging to something other than God, such as the pseudodivinities (macbadat)-that is, the sun, moon, and stars. Ibn Hanbal disagreed... It is likely that Ibn Hanbal recognized this sura as a true attribute of God.. He states in his Aqida V: "God created Adam with His hand and in His image/form"
Nahrawi Abdus Salam Al-Indunisi, Ahmad (2008). Ahmad Nahrawi, Amirah (ed.). Ensiklopedia Imam Syafi'i (Dr.) (in Indonesian). Translated by Usman Sya'roni. Koja, North Jakarta, Indonesia: Jakarta Islamic Centre. p. 697. ISBN 9789791142199. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
Nahrawi Abdus Salam Al-Indunisi, Ahmad (2008). Ahmad Nahrawi, Amirah (ed.). Ensiklopedia Imam Syafi'i (Dr.) (in Indonesian). Translated by Usman Sya'roni. Koja, North Jakarta, Indonesia: Jakarta Islamic Centre. p. 697. ISBN 9789791142199. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
