Paladino, F.V.; Spotila, J.R.; Dodson, P. (1997). »A Blueprint for Giants: Modeling the Physiology of Large Dinosaurs«. V Farlow, J.O.; Brett-Surman, M.K. (ur.). The Complete Dinosaur. Indiana University Press. str. 491–504. ISBN978-0-253-33349-0.
Curry, K.A. (1999). »Ontogenetic histology of Apatosaurus (Dinosauria: Sauropoda): new insights on growth rates and longevity«. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 19 (4): 654–665. doi:10.1080/02724634.1999.10011179. JSTOR4524036.
Curry, K.A. (1999). »Ontogenetic histology of Apatosaurus (Dinosauria: Sauropoda): new insights on growth rates and longevity«. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 19 (4): 654–665. doi:10.1080/02724634.1999.10011179. JSTOR4524036.
Gilmore, C.W. (1936). »Osteology of Apatosaurus, with special references to specimens in the Carnegie Museum«. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum. 11 (4): 1–136. OCLC16777126.