Britannica, IstanbulArhivirano 2007-12-18 na Wayback Machine.: When the Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923, the capital was moved to Ankara, and Constantinople was officially renamed Istanbul in 1930.
Schaller, Dominik J; Zimmerer, Jürgen (2008).»Late Ottoman genocides: the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies– introduction«. Journal of Genocide Research. 10 (1): 7–14. doi:10.1080/14623520801950820. ISSN1462-3528.
»Ulusal Hesaplar - Kişi başına GSYH ($)«[National Accounts - GDP per capita ($)]. www.tuik.gov.tr (v turščini). Turkish Statistical Institute. Pridobljeno 8. decembra 2023.
Britannica, IstanbulArhivirano 2007-12-18 na Wayback Machine.: When the Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923, the capital was moved to Ankara, and Constantinople was officially renamed Istanbul in 1930.
Schaller, Dominik J; Zimmerer, Jürgen (2008).»Late Ottoman genocides: the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies– introduction«. Journal of Genocide Research. 10 (1): 7–14. doi:10.1080/14623520801950820. ISSN1462-3528.