Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). »Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides«. Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (15. december 2003). »Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation«. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.
v. Welsbach, Carl Auer (1885). »Die Zerlegung des Didyms in seine Elemente«. Monatshefte für Chemie und verwandte Teile anderer Wissenschaften. 6 (1): 477–491. doi:10.1007/BF01554643.
