Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). »Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides«. Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (15. december 2003). »Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation«. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.
James, Charles (1911). »Thulium I«. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 33 (8): 1332–1344. doi:10.1021/ja02221a007.
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Castor, Stephen B.; Hedrick, James B. »Rare Earth Elements«(PDF). Pridobljeno 6. junija 2009.