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Arnason, Ulfur; Gullberg, Anette; Janke, Axel; Kullberg, Morgan; Lehman, Niles; Petrov, Evgeny A.; Väinölä, Risto (2006-11-01). „Pinniped phylogeny and a new hypothesis for their origin and dispersal”. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 41 (2): 345—354. PMID16815048. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.05.022.
Fulton, Tara L.; Strobeck, Curtis (2010). „Multiple fossil calibrations, nuclear loci and mitochondrial genomes provide new insight into biogeography and divergence timing for true seals (Phocidae, Pinnipedia)”. Journal of Biogeography. 37 (5): 814—829. S2CID59436229. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02271.x.