فرمان سلطاني إلى محمد علي بتقليده حكم السودان بغير حق التوارث [Sultanic Firman to Muhammad Ali Appointing Him Ruler of the Sudan Without Hereditary Rights] (на језику: Arabic). Bibliotheca Alexandrina: Memory of Modern Egypt Digital Archive. Приступљено 12. 8. 2010.CS1 одржавање: Непрепознат језик (веза)
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McHugh, Neil (1994). Holymen of the Blue Nile: The Making of an Arab-Islamic Community in the Nilotic Sudan, 1500–1850. Series in Islam and Society in Africa. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press. стр. 9. ISBN978-0-8101-1069-4. „The spread of Arabic flowed not only from the dispersion of Arabs but from the unification of the Nile by a government, the Funj sultanate, that utilized Arabic as an official means of communication, and from the use of Arabic as a trade language.”
Welch, Galbraith (1949). North African Prelude: The First Seven Thousand Years(snippet view). New York: W. Morrow. стр. 463. OCLC413248. Приступљено 12. 8. 2010. „The government was semirepublican; when a king died the great council picked a successor from among the royal children. Then—presumably to keep the peace—they killed all the rest.”
Pinkerton, John (1814). „Poncet's Journey to Abyssinia”. A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels in All Parts of the World. Volume 15. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme. стр. 71. OCLC1397394.
Anderson, Julie R. (2008). „A Mamluk Coin from Kulubnarti, Sudan”(PDF). British Museum Studies in Ancient Egypt and Sudan (10): 68. Приступљено 12. 8. 2010. „Much further to the south, the Funj Sultanate based in Sennar (1504/5–1820), did not mint coins and the markets did not normally use coinage as a form of exchange. Foreign coins themselves were commodities and frequently kept for jewellery. Units of items such as gold, grain, iron, cloth and salt had specific values and were used for trade, particularly on a national level.”
Welch, Galbraith (1949). North African Prelude: The First Seven Thousand Years(snippet view). New York: W. Morrow. стр. 463. OCLC413248. Приступљено 12. 8. 2010. „The government was semirepublican; when a king died the great council picked a successor from among the royal children. Then—presumably to keep the peace—they killed all the rest.”
Pinkerton, John (1814). „Poncet's Journey to Abyssinia”. A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels in All Parts of the World. Volume 15. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme. стр. 71. OCLC1397394.